柱花草种子超干贮藏的效果及其遗传稳定性

柱花草是一类优良的热带豆科牧草,它主要以种子繁殖。超干贮藏是一项节能、简便、有效的种子贮藏技术。为了研究柱花草种子超干贮藏的效果及其对遗传的影响,该研究以贮藏10 a的热研5号柱花草种子为材料,对种子超干、?20℃和常温（25～35℃）贮藏的效果进行比较,研究超干长期贮藏对种子发芽率、生活力、植物物候期、形态特征、农艺性状及遗传稳定性的影响。含水率为3.17%的超干种子贮藏10 a、含水率为8.70%的种子分别在?20℃和常温（25～35℃）贮藏10 a后,其发芽势分别为77.9%、71.3%、18.5%,活力指数分别为60.10、50.79、4.98;超干处理与?20℃贮存10 a的处理发芽势和活力指数之间的差异显著（P<0.05）,与常温贮存10 a的处理之间的差异极显著（P<0.01）,结果表明柱花草种子超干长期贮藏效果好。通过植物形态特征观察和扩增片段长度多态性（amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP）分子技术检测分析,柱花草种子超干贮藏不会引起种苗在植物形态表型变化和AFLP分子水平上的遗传变异。研究结果将为柱花草种子超干贮藏提供数据参考。     

青虾养殖产排污系数测算

Macrobrachium nipponense is one of the economic shrimp species of traditional freshwater aquaculture in our province. In order to explore the pollution discharge situation in the aquaculture process, five representative main macrobrachium nipponense breeding test sites in Jiangsu Province were selected to quantitatively calculate the pollution production coefficient and pollution discharge coefficient of macrobrachium nipponense by measuring the four detection indexes of total nitrogen, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in water quality combined with fishery statistical data. The results showed that the production and discharge coefficient of macrobrachium nipponense culture was relatively low and had little impact on the environment.     

典型黑土区不同水土保持树种的非结构性碳水化合物特征及种间差异

  目的  探究典型黑土区主要水土保持树种的非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）在器官水平的分配规律及其种间差异,以期为水土保持植物的科学选择与培育提供理论依据。  方法  选取典型黑土区5种水土保持树种（小叶锦鸡儿、榆叶梅、白桦、糖槭和红皮云杉）作为研究对象,采集植物叶片、枝条、干材、树皮及树根,测定并比较各器官可溶性糖、淀粉及总NSC的含量。  结果  （1）NSC含量在树种和器官之间均差异显著（P < 0.05）。5种树种中叶和根的NSC含量较高,树干中可溶性糖含量最低,根中淀粉含量最高,叶片中含量最低。红皮云杉叶和枝的可溶性糖含量显著高于其他树种,糖槭干和根淀粉含量和NSC显著高于其他树种。（2）不同生活型树种的NSC及其组分的含量和分配也有明显差异,乔木叶片的可溶性糖和NSC含量高于灌木,乔木淀粉含量均表现为落叶树种大于常绿树种。（3）红皮云杉将更多的NSC分配到地上部分,榆叶梅将更多的NSC分配到地下部分。（4）落叶灌木将大多数的NSC分配到细根和中根上,乔木（红皮云杉）选择将细根作为根系储存NSC的主要组织。  结论  可溶性糖和淀粉在各器官中分配不同,叶和根分别是非结构性碳水化合物的合成与储存结构,乔木树的NSC分配利于叶片碳同化和光合作用。在5种树种中,红皮云杉、榆叶梅和糖槭均具有抗旱性,此外,红皮云杉还具有良好的耐寒性,可以更好地适应低温干旱的生长环境,因此红皮云杉、榆叶梅和糖槭是研究区域适应能力相对较强的水土保持树种。      

覆沙对盐碱地土壤水盐运移及枸杞生长和产量的影响

旨在探明盐碱地种植枸杞不同覆沙方式(不覆沙为对照、覆细沙5 cm、覆细沙10 cm、覆粗沙10 cm、覆粗沙5 cm)对土壤水盐运移及枸杞生长和产量的影响。以3 a生‘宁杞1号’枸杞为试材,测定不同生育期0～100 cm土层土壤含水量、pH、盐分含量及组成等。结果表明:与不覆沙相比,覆沙条件下枸杞生育期内的土壤含水量均极显著提高,盐碱地土壤pH和全盐量有效降低,以覆粗沙厚度为5 cm最佳,其盐分离子Na~+、K~+、SO~(-2)_4、Cl~-抑制效果更突出。同时,不同覆沙处理对枸杞生长发育也有明显促进作用,枝条长度平均增加15.22%,枸杞产量均达到极显著水平,覆粗沙5 cm产量最高,纯收入及产投比最佳,相比对照增产19.64%。对于盐碱干旱区枸杞的种植,覆粗沙5 cm整体抑盐增产效果最显著,是红寺堡灌区枸杞持续稳产的有效覆盖方式。     

大豆植株光合性能与干物质及荚粒形成关系的研究

大豆生育期间,群体中的单株干物质日增量、单株光合速率及单株光合面积均呈单峰曲线变化。其中,日增量在开花期以前和鼓粒期以后受光合面积的支配,而在开花期至鼓粒期则主要受光合速率的制约。 群体中的单株各节位间,叶片平均光合速率、平均光合面积、总光合势和总光合量与荚数、粒数及总粒重的高低分布趋势基本一致、均以中上部节位最大,基部和顶部节位最小。各指标间,以总光势和总光合量与籽粒数及总粒重的线性正相关较强,达显著水平。 结果还表明,盆栽植株各节位叶片的光合性能和荚粒形成量,均优于群体中的单株各对应节位叶。     

整合茶叶资源做强茶叶产业

湖北省五峰县是"中国茶叶之乡",也是国家命名的全国"无公害农产品基地(茶叶)示范县".近年来,全县按照"开发绿色资源、培育绿色产业、生产绿色商品、拓宽绿色通道、发展绿色经济、构建绿色五峰"的总体发展思路,坚持打民族牌、走特色路、靠绿色富,把壮大茶叶产业作为发展绿色经济的重要组成部分,着力实施"请名师、建名园、制名茶、创名牌"四名战略,茶叶产业取得了快速发展.全县茶园面积已达12万亩,茶叶产量4200吨,茶叶总产值超过13亿元.涌现出采花毛尖、天麻剑毫、虎狮龙芽等湖北知名茶叶品牌,五峰茶叶以"香气高、味鲜爽、耐冲泡"的优良品质赢得了广大消费者的青睐和赞誉,五峰茶产业已发展成为县域经济中最具竞争力的支柱产业和农民增收的主导产业.     

对虾肝胰腺的微细结构

用光镜和电镜观察了对虾(Penaeus orientalis Kishnouye)肝胰腺的结构。结果为:对虾肝胰腺的结构与螫虾等甲壳类基本相同。肝胰腺由两侧对称的分枝上皮小管组成。上皮细胞分为:胚胎性、吸收、原纤维和分泌性4种。上皮的表面有整齐而紧密排列的微绒毛。上皮的基底面有电子致密度低的基板,其上有肌上皮细胞附着。     

The ratio between digestible protein and digestible energy affects accumulation and depuration of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) raised in a recirculated aquaculture system

Actinobacteria and cyanobacteria accounted for less than 1% of total of bacteria in water in a recirculated aquaculture system (RAS) during a 15-week feeding trial with 0.11-g Japanese seabass. Resulting concentration of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in RAS water was 169 and 45 ng L^?1, sufficient to produce strong off-flavour. The seabass were fed diets with 42%, 45% and 49% protein, and each protein level was supplemented with 15% or 18% lipid. Accumulation of off-flavours was independent of diet in fatty ventral tissue. Dietary protein significantly reduced off-flavours in lean, dorsal tissue. This was mainly rationalized by linear reduction in 2-MIB in response to increasing DP/DE and a strong, 2nd degree polynomial response in geosmin. The ratio between geosmin and 2-MIB was slightly higher at the beginning of a 10-day period with clean water and fasting, than what was observed throughout depuration. 2-MIB remained between 0.2 and 1 µg kg^?1 in dorsal tissue throughout depuration. Geosmin in ventral tissue ranged from 10 to more than 30 µg kg^?1at the termination of the feeding period and was reduced to a range from 6 to 20 µg kg^?1 by depuration.     

Microbial transformation of ginsenoside-Rg₁ by Absidia coerulea and the reversal activity of the metabolites towards multi-drug resistant tumor cells

Biotransformation of ginsenoside-Rg₁ (1) by the fungus Absidia coerulea AS 3.2462 yielded five metabolites (2? 6). On the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, the metabolites were identified as ginsenoside-F₁ (2), 6α,12β-dihydroxydammar-3-one-20(S)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3-oxo-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (4), 3-oxo-7β-hydroxy-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (5), and 3-oxo-7β,15α-dihydroxy-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (6), respectively. Among them, 5 and 6 are new compounds. These results indicated that Absidia coerulea AS 3.2462 could catalyze the specific C-3 dehydrogenation of derivatives of ginsenoside-Rg₁, as well as hydroxylation at the 7β and 15α positions. Metabolites 2, 4 and 5 exhibited moderate reversal activity towards A549/taxol MDR tumor cells in vitro.     

立筒仓环流熏蒸和机械通风技术改造与储粮试验

立筒仓通过仓储技术升级改造,提高了筒仓气密性,有效地解决了通风降温难、熏蒸效果差等技术难题。试验结果表明,改造后的筒仓杀虫率达100%,单位用药量3 g/m3,机械通风降温单位能耗0.03 kW.h/t.℃均低于平房仓的相应数值,达到了筒仓改造的预期效果,为南方地区筒仓改造积累了成功经验。