Identification of B-cell epitopes on the betanodavirus capsid protein

The pepscan procedure was used to identify betanodavirus B-cell epitopes recognized by neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and serum samples obtained from sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, naturally infected with betanodavirus. Pepscan was performed with a panel of thirty-four 12-mer synthetic peptides that mimicked the entire betanodavirus capsid protein. Sea bass serum samples reacted strongly with three regions of the capsid protein comprising amino acid residues 1-32, 91-162 and 181-212. The latter region was also recognized by neutralizing MAbs and coincided with a region of high antigenic propensity identified by an antigen prediction algorithm. These data suggest that a region of the betanodavirus capsid protein spanning amino acid residues 181-212 may represent a neutralization domain that could potentially be used to inform the development of nodavirus vaccines and immunodiagnostic reagents.     

Habitat utilization and vertical movements of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) released from commercial and recreational fishing gears in the western North Atlantic Ocean: inferences from short duration pop-up archival satellite tags

Researchers have applied numerous techniques to improve billfish stock assessments, including habitat‐based models that incorporate behavioral and oceanographic parameters to standardize historical catch‐per‐unit‐effort time‐series data. These methods have allowed researchers to account for significant changes in the depths of pelagic longline (PLL) gear deployments over time. This study presents habitat‐use data recovered from high‐resolution 5‐ and 10‐day pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) attached to 47 surviving white marlin released from commercial and recreational fishing gears offshore of the U.S. East Coast, the northern Caribbean, and Venezuela between 2002 and 2004. Data recovered from transmitting tags indicated that white marlin spent nearly half of their time associated with warm, near‐surface waters (<10 m). All fish displayed frequent short duration (mean: 39.8 min) vertical excursions from surface waters to depths averaging 51 m. Qualitative and multivariate classifications of data from completely transmitted movements of surviving white marlin revealed two major types of descents: one pattern was characterized by deep ‘V’‐shaped excursions of relatively short duration (mean: 23.4 min) while the other featured descents that were more broadly ‘U’‐shaped and confined to a specific depth range for an extended period of time (mean: 75.8 min). Based on the frequency, persistence, and patterns of these vertical movements, white marlin appear to direct a considerable proportion of foraging effort well below surface waters, a behavior that may account for relatively high catch rates of white marlin on some deep‐set PLL deployments.     

利用Terra/MODIS数据提取冬小麦面积及精度分析

利用遥感技术提取作物播种面积是农情监测研究中一种实用而可行的方法。以河北省藁城市为研究区域,研究利用多时相Terra/MODIS数据提取2004年冬小麦播种面积的技术方法。在分析MODIS波谱特性与冬小麦生物学特征,并考虑了有关植被指数图像对面积提取精度的影响基础上,选择将MODIS数据的Red、Blue、NIR和ESWIR波段作为基础工作波段。利用4种方法提取了2004年藁城市各乡镇的冬小麦播种面积,并利用2004年各乡镇统计数据及土地利用数据进行了精度评价。结果表明：4种方法提取的冬小麦播种面积总体上都与参考值比较吻合,总体误差和平均误差均小于5%。可见,利用Terra/MODIS数据提取冬小麦播种面积是完全可行的。研究还发现,最佳的MODIS数据是冬小麦抽穗期的Red、Blue、NIR、ESWIR波段图像和冬小麦播种期与抽穗期EVI差值图像的组合。     

几种杀虫剂对黄曲条跳甲的防治效果

试验结果表明:5%氟虫腈悬浮剂(锐劲特)、48%毒死蜱乳油、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油、20%敌·氯乳油、45%马拉硫磷乳油,对黄曲条跳甲有较好的防治效果和增产作用,明显好于对照药剂80%敌敌畏乳油,可供生产上推广应用。     

基于AnnAGNPS模型的农业非点源污染模拟

以大沽河典型小流域为研究区,借助GIS和相关资料率定参数,完成模型数据库的建立。在此基础上,采用流域出口2001～2002年径流量、泥沙和总氮监测数据优化参数、校准和验证模型,分析AnnAGNPS模型在大沽河典型小流域应用的可行性。2000～2001年,地表径流的年均模拟偏差分别为12.7%和7%,丰水期的月模拟偏差都在±30%以内,日模拟值与实测值相关系数分别是0.98和0.91,模拟结果理想;年均泥沙输出模拟误差分别为19.1％和15%,月均泥沙估算的相关系数分别为0.78和0.73,模拟结果基本可接受;年均模拟误差为50%左右,月均估计及降雨场次模拟的相关系数分别低于0.7和0.6,总氮污染负荷估算有很大的不确定性。结果表明,如何提高模型的营养盐模拟精度将是未来AnnAGNPS模型在大沽河流域应用的前提与基础。研究成果对于AnnAGNPS模型在国内的应用和推广,具有很好的示范性,并为大沽河全流域分布式水文模型的构建奠定了基础。     

兽医药、器械专利分类保护策略及申请实践探索

文章从兽医药、器械定义出发,研究分析了兽医药专利类型和保护中存在的问题,并对专利申请实践中的问题进行了探索,提出了不同类型兽医药、器械发明的分类保护策略及申请文件撰写的要点。     

利用干酵母细胞微胶囊化丁香油的研究

探讨以干酵母细胞作为囊壁材料制备微胶囊的可行性。以丁香油为囊芯,通过正交试验优化微胶囊制备的工艺条件。结果表明,选择包埋温度70℃、包埋时间9 h和丁香油与干酵母质量配比为1∶1的条件比较适宜,微胶囊中丁香油包埋率可以达到41.26%。通过光学显微镜和电镜观察,丁香油微胶囊呈规则的球形,颗粒直径在2.0～4.0 μm之间,细胞质内能观察到闪亮的油滴存在。在100℃条件下加热20 h,丁香油经微胶囊化后挥发速率下降43.25%;丁香油微胶囊抑菌效果优于同量的丁香油,具有一定的缓释效果。