香菇多糖的免疫调节作用及在家禽上的应用

香菇多糖是从香菇中提取分离的一种活性多糖,具有较强的免疫活性作用。本文综述了香菇多糖的免疫调节作用及其在家禽中的应用效果。     

新型绿色饲料添加剂的促断奶仔猪生长性能的试验

试验的目的是评定一种新型绿色生长促进剂百健宝对断奶仔猪生长性能的促进作用,测定指标包括仔猪增重、采食量、饲料转化率、对疾病的抵抗能力和经济效益。试验将120头23日龄断奶仔猪分为试验组和对照组。对照组饲喂常规断奶仔猪料,试验组饲喂常规饲料加125g/t百健宝。试验从仔猪断奶开始持续50d。试验结束时百健宝试验组仔猪平均体质量比对照组高3.09kg,差异显著(P=0.013)。试验结果表明,百健宝不但能显著的提高仔猪的采食量(P=0.032)和仔猪健康水平,其经济效益也很明显,投入产出比为1∶9.4。     

扎龙自然保护区鸟类观赏性分析与观鸟管理对策

观鸟是一项陶冶身心、消除疲劳、接近大自然、科学性很强的活动。扎龙国家级自然保护区内，鸟类资源丰富，是进行观鸟旅游和科普、科研的重要基地，本文主要构建了鸟类观赏性评估体系，并对保护区的鸟类进行了观赏性评估；通过问卷调查分析了观鸟者对自然保护区和鸟类的认知度、喜爱度和观鸟的期望等等；并为保护区更好地开展观鸟旅游和科研、科普活动提出管理建议。     

Diploid female gametes induced by colchicine in Oriental lilies

The young flower buds of diploid Oriental cultivars: ‘Con. Amore’ and ‘Acapulco’ (Lilium) were treated with 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% colchicine to induce diploid egg (female gamete). The treated young buds between the two cultivars were crossed reciprocally as female parents with normal pollen respectively. The polyploid plants were identified by measuring stoma size and chromosome number. The results showed: that triploid progenies could be obtained through this way, and the fact that the treated young flower buds were successfully used as female parents indicated the formation of 2n or 2x egg cells. The above results implied that polyploidization by artificially induced diploid female gametes could be a powerful method to create novel variations in the breeding of Oriental lilies.     

应用免疫酶标记电镜技术定位分析伊氏锥虫排泄分泌抗原

应用免疫酶标记电镜技术,从亚细胞水平定位并分析了伊氏锥虫（Ｔｒｙｐａｎｏｓｏｍａｅｖａｎｓｉ）排泄分泌抗原（ＥＳＡ）的特性。结果表明,伊氏锥虫ＥＳＡ有部分成分为虫体分泌的表面糖蛋白,而大部分成分来自内质网、高尔基体等合成的非表面糖蛋白成分和其他尚未确定的虫体代谢产物。     

甜菜碱含量的测定方法比较

甜菜碱含量的测定方法有很多种,包括酸碱滴定法、紫外分光光度法、高氯酸非水滴定法、离子色谱法等。各种方法均有其优缺点,综合考虑,离子色谱法与非水滴定法的测定结果较好。为比较这两种方法哪种更准确、更方便,设计如下实验。选取5种含量不同的甜菜碱产品,分别用非水滴方法和离子色谱法测定5种产品的甜菜碱含量。实验结果表明,离子色谱法测定的甜菜碱含量与真实值较接近,非水滴定法测定的甜菜碱含量比真实值偏高。     

Induction of interspecific allo-tetraploids of Megalobrama amblycephala♀×Megalobrama terminalis♂ by heat shock

Interspecific allo-tetraploidy was induced by a combination of hybridization of Megalobrama amblycephala ♀× Megalobrama terminalis ♂ and thermal shock. A thermal shock at 40 °C for 2 min applied to eggs 33 or 26 min (τ₀: 1.40) after fertilization resulted in a significantly ( P <0.01) higher yield of allo-tetraploids than hybrid crosses without heat shock. The yield of allo-tetraploids in embryos from mid-gastrula to hatching stages was 15.7–24.4% in different thermal shock treatment groups. The allo-tetraploidy rate in 330-day-old juveniles was 9.3% and 6.7% in different year treatment groups. After 2 years of rearing, allo-tetraploidy males attained sexual maturity with milk-like milt at the age of 2+, while allo-tetraploidy females at the age of 2+, and even at 3+, did not show any signs of sexual maturation exhibiting obviously delayed maturity. Only a few allo-tetraploidy females (three individuals) showed maturation characters at the age of 4+ and these females were induced to spawn.     

盐酸咪唑苯脲W/O型乳剂的处方工艺筛选

旨在筛选盐酸咪唑苯脲W/O型乳剂的基础处方.采用单因素分析方法对油相、乳化剂的种类及用量、油水比例进行筛选以及采用正交试验对处方工艺进行优化;确定了盐酸咪唑苯脲W/O型乳剂的基础处方,最终筛选出白油为最佳油相、亲水性乳化剂OP-10为最佳乳化剂,初步确定白油、亲脂性乳化剂司盘-80、亲水性乳化剂OP-10为最佳处方组合,乳化剂的最佳用量为处方量的10%,油水最佳比例为7∶3.确定最佳乳化温度为50℃,最佳乳化时间为3 min,最佳乳化速度为8000 r/min.通过上述处方筛选及工艺优化,制备了2%的盐酸咪唑苯脲W/O型乳剂.     

无水ZnCl_2催化合成乙酸酯的研究

本文对路易斯酸（无水ＺｎＣｌ２）催化乙酸酯的合成进行了实验，并说明了无水ＺｎＣｌ２能催化乙酸酯合成的原因。     

白木香基因组DNA提取与ISSR反应体系的优化

白木香为瑞香科沉香属植物,是中国特有的珍贵药用植物,也是国产沉香药材唯一资源植物,现已濒临灭绝,被载入<中国植物红皮书>采用改良CTAB法提取白木香DNA较传统方法简单高效.通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和OD260/OD280比值测定,所得基因组DNA纯度高,可作为ISSR等以PCR为基础的DNA多态性标记.通过优化影响白木香ISSR-PCR的主要参数,确立了适用于白木香的ISSR反应体系和扩增条件.结果表明在20μl反应体中,模板DNA、引物、Mg2+、dNTP和Taq DNA聚合酶5种主要成分的最适浓度分别为25 ng、0.8 μmol/L、2.5 mm01/L、0.2 mmol/L、1.0 U,扩增出足量产物至少需要35个循环.