辽宁省凌河流域生长季参考作物腾发量变化及气候要素贡献分析

利用辽宁省凌河流域10个气象站1965-2006年的逐日气象资料,采用FAO推荐的P-M公式计算各站逐日参考作物腾发量（ET0）,在分析生长季（4-9月）各气象要素及ET0变化趋势的基础上,用基于敏感系数的贡献值法探讨各气象要素变化对ET0变化的贡献。结果表明：近42a来,凌河流域生长季ET0以21.46mm·10a-1的速率极显著降低（P＜0.01）,平均值为706.73mm,其中最大值发生在5月,最小值发生在9月;ET0高值区集中在朝阳和北票等地,低值区位于义县一带。研究区生长季太阳辐射以0.293MJ·m-2·d-1·10a-1的速率递减;除阜新外其余各站风速均呈极显著下降趋势（P＜0.01）;在全球气候变暖的背景下,过去42a凌河流域生长季平均气温以0.289℃·10a-1的速度上升,其中4月和9月变化显著（P＜0.05）,7月相对稳定。研究区生长季相对湿度变化不大。敏感性分析结果表明,流域内生长季平均ET0对各气象要素变化的敏感性大小依次为太阳辐射＞相对湿度＞风速＞温度,但在研究时段内,显著变化的风速对ET0变化贡献最大,其次为太阳辐射,温度对ET0变化的贡献最小。太阳辐射和风速变化对ET0变化的贡献在流域西部较大,而在东部较小;温度变化对ET0变化的贡献总体上表现为由流域中部向东西两端递减;相对湿度变化对ET0变化的贡献在空间分布上较分散。     

海南龙血树DcbHLH1的克隆与表达分析

碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(basic/helix-loop-helix,bHLH)转录因子在真核生物的生长发育过程中起着重要的调控作用。在前期龙血树转录组测序结果基础上克隆了1个海南龙血树bHLH转录因子基因,命名为DcbHLH1。序列分析显示,DcbHLH1阅读框基因序列长1 080 bp,编码360个氨基酸,推测分子量为39 ku,等电点为8.21。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,DcbHLH1具有bHLH转录因子家族保守的HLH结构域。进化分析结果表明,DcbHLH1和中粒咖啡中的bHLH亲缘关系最近。定量PCR结果表明,DcbHLH1在诱导剂处理后3 d内表达量快速下降,到第6天达到最低,与转录组测序的数字表达谱一致。DcbHLH1在海南龙血树的根、茎、叶等组织中均有表达,但在叶中表达量较高,根中表达量最低。结果为进一步分析DcbHLH1在龙血树中的功能奠定了基础。     

Aphicidal Activity of an Ageraphorone Extract From Eupatorium adenophorum Against Pseudoregma bambucicola (Homoptera: Aphididae,Takahashi)

The bamboo aphid, Pseudoregma bambucicola, is an important insect pest of bamboo that affects normal bamboo growth and induces sooty molds. The control of P. bambucicola involves the application of chemicals, such as imidacloprid, to which many species are resistant. In this study, we isolate a novel botanical pesticide (9-oxo-10,11-dehydro-ageraphorone) from an Eupatorium adenophorum(Asteraceae: Compositae) petroleum ether extract and test the aphicidal activity of this compound against P. bambucicola in laboratory bioassay and field-based experiments. This ageraphorone compound at a concentration of 2 mg/ml caused 73.33% mortality (corrected mortality [Subtracted the mortality of the negative control]: 70%) of P. bambucicola by laboratory bioassay within 6 h. Even at lower concentrations, this compound caused greater 33% mortality (corrected mortality: 30%) of aphids. Field experiments with naturally infested bamboo plants showed that two applications of 2 mg/ml ageraphorone to infested plants completely cleared infestations within 30 d. These effects were similar to those of the positive control (imidacloprid). These results reveal that 9-oxo-10,11-dehydro-ageraphorone exhibits significant aphicidal activity against bamboo aphids. We suggest that future research be directed at developing this ageraphorone compound from E. adenophorum as an aphicidal agent for biocontrol.     

Structural Analysis and Anticoagulant Activities of the Novel Sulfated Fucan Possessing a Regular Well-Defined Repeating Unit from Sea Cucumber

Sulfated fucans, the complex polysaccharides, exhibit various biological activities. Herein, we purified two fucans from the sea cucumbers Holothuria edulis and Ludwigothurea grisea. Their structures were verified by means of HPGPC, FT-IR, GC–MS and NMR. As a result, a novel structural motif for this type of polymers is reported. The fucans have a unique structure composed of a central core of regular (1→2) and (1→3)-linked tetrasaccharide repeating units. Approximately 50% of the units from L. grisea (100% for H. edulis fucan) contain sides of oligosaccharides formed by nonsulfated fucose units linked to the O-4 position of the central core. Anticoagulant activity assays indicate that the sea cucumber fucans strongly inhibit human blood clotting through the intrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade. Moreover, the mechanism of anticoagulant action of the fucans is selective inhibition of thrombin activity by heparin cofactor II. The distinctive tetrasaccharide repeating units contribute to the anticoagulant action. Additionally, unlike the fucans from marine alga, although the sea cucumber fucans have great molecular weights and affluent sulfates, they do not induce platelet aggregation. Overall, our results may be helpful in understanding the structure-function relationships of the well-defined polysaccharides from invertebrate as new types of safer anticoagulants.     

10个小麦推广品种戊聚糖含量、若干农艺和品质性状的分析

为了综述安徽小麦推广品种的概况,并为生产优质专用小麦以及从中发掘具有优异农艺性状与品质性状的材料提供参考,选用安徽麦区推广的10个小麦品种,采用地衣酚-盐酸法、近红外谷物分析仪等测定了若干品质性状和农艺性状。结果表明,不同品种间水溶性戊聚糖含量的差异达到了极显著水平,非水溶性戊聚糖含量和总戊聚糖含量品种间差异不显著,不同品种间株高、穗长、总小穗数、千粒重和硬度的差异达到了极显著水平,穗粒数品种间差异达到显著,不育小穗数、蛋白质、湿面筋、沉降值含量品种间差异不显著。     

异源表达拟南芥赤霉素2–氧化酶基因对矮牵牛形态发育的影响

拟南芥赤霉素2–氧化酶基因AtGA2ox1在矮牵牛（Petunia hybrida）中过量表达导致转基因植株开花延迟,株形明显矮化,花冠变小,花冠表皮细胞变小,但花色变化不明显。施用多效唑对矮牵牛花冠的影响与过量表达AtGA2ox1一致。用拟南芥茎特异性表达基因At3g56700的启动子驱动AtGA2ox1在矮牵牛中表达时,转基因植株的表型变化在株系间存在明显的差异,但外源基因在茎中的表达量都明显高于叶和花中的,果实和种子的发育未受影响,通过对转基因后代的筛选可以获得株形矮化,其它性状的发育受影响较小的转基因株系。     

烤烟磷含量的分布特点及与常规化学成分的关系

以国内主产烟区和津巴布韦共107份烤烟样本为材料,研究了烤烟叶片中磷含量的分布特点,并重点分析了烤烟磷含量与常规化学成分的关系,结果表明：①我国主产烟区烤烟磷含量平均值为(0.43±0.08)%,变幅为0.25%~0.66%;津巴布韦烤烟磷含量为(0.53±0.05)%,变幅为0.45%~0.67%;②不同地区烤烟磷含量的变化为：津巴布韦(0.53%)>东南烟区(0.49%)>长江中上游烟区(0.45%)>西南烟区(0.42%)>黄淮烟区(0.41%)>北方烟区(0.39%),且差异达到极显著水平;③随着烤烟着生部位的升高,烟叶磷含量有增加的趋势,但不同部位间差异不显著;④烤烟磷含量与烟碱、钾和氯含量达到显著或极显著正相关,与总糖、还原糖含量和氮碱比表现为极显著负相关,与总氮和钾氯比的相关关系不显著;⑤基于烤烟磷含量的聚类结果和不同磷含量水平下化学成分协调性评价结果可知,中、高磷含量类群烟叶的化学成分含量较为适宜,指标间协调性较好,烟叶可利用价值高。     

超声波辅助提取香蕉叶多糖工艺的优化

[目的]优化超声波辅助提取香蕉叶多糖工艺条件,为香蕉叶的深度开发提供理论参考.[方法]以经脱脂脱单糖后的香蕉叶为材料,在单因素试验基础上,以提取温度、提取时间、超声波功率为影响因素,应用Box-Behnken中心组合法进行3因素3水平试验,以香蕉叶多糖含量为响应值,进行响应面分析,优化提取工艺条件.[结果]香蕉叶多糖含量对提取温度、提取时间及超声波功率的二次多元回归方程为:Y=1.42+0.064A+0.065B+0.00775C-0.057A2-0.057B2+0.003525C2+0.022AB-0.0075AC+0.006BC,由模型得出香蕉叶多糖最佳提取条件为:提取温度66.35℃、提取时间28.73 min、超声波功率150W.为方便试验,最终确定超声波辅助提取香蕉叶多糖的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度66℃、提取时间29min、超声波功率150W,此条件下提取获得的香蕉叶多糖含量1.40%.[结论]超声波辅助提取香蕉叶多糖能够降低提取温度,极大缩短提取时间,是高效的提取方法.     

A New Dioic Acid from a wbl Gene Mutant of Deepsea-Derived Streptomyces somaliensis SCSIO ZH66

The wblA_so gene functions as a global regulatory gene in a negative manner in deepsea-derived Streptomyces somaliensis SCSIO ZH66. A new dioic acid (1) as well as two known butenolides (2 and 3) were isolated from the ΔwblA_so mutant strain of S. somaliensis SCSIO ZH66. The structure of 1 was elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses, including MS and NMR techniques. In the cell growth inhibitory evaluation, compound 3 exhibited moderate activity against the human hepatic carcinoma cell line (Huh7.5) with an IC₅₀ value of 19.4 μg/mL, while compounds 1 and 2 showed null activity up to 100 μg/mL.     

基于NYT 1433-2014中48对SSR引物的94份杂交稻亲本DNA分子数字指纹库研究

建立方法简便、分辨率高的水稻品种遗传多态性和真实性鉴定的分子指纹技术对于指导水稻育种和规范种子市场都具有重要意义。农业部颁布的水稻品种鉴定技术规程行业新标准是基于35个不同遗传特点的代表性水稻品种建立的SSR分子标记技术规程。本研究根据该标准方法,对94份杂交水稻亲本材料的遗传多态性和特异性进行了比较分析,结果表明,供试品种间至少具有3对以上引物扩增的DNA片段差异,即利用该标准能很好地区分供试杂交水稻亲本的遗传差异。对新标准中48对推荐引物的比较与分析表明,46对引物扩增的DNA片段多态性较高,而RM176和RM551两对引物扩增带多态性较低,因此在其染色体的其他位点可进一步研究多态性更高的分子标记。与标准中35个水稻品种的指纹库进行比较,发现了16个新的等位变异,这些位点可作为标准指纹库的信息补充,丰富标准库中的遗传信息。对94个杂交水稻亲本的分子指纹比较分析,发现23个亲本材料具有特异性分子标记,这些特异分子标记可应用于杂交组合的真实性以及杂交种子纯度的分子鉴定。根据供试亲本的数字分子指纹,构建了87个不育系与7个父本杂交的虚拟组合数字分子指纹库以及虚拟组合的真实性和纯度快速鉴定的特异数字分子标记。