樗蚕蛹(Philosamia cynthia)精巢细胞系的建立

樗蚕蛹精巢细胞传代培养已到８９代。细胞系形态基本为圆形,少数为梭形。细胞呈悬浮生长,也有少数半贴壁现象。细胞群体倍增时间约７２ｈ左右。细胞系生长的适宜培养基为ＭＧＭ ４４３;温度２６～２７℃ｐＨ６４。染色体具有典型鳞翅目昆虫的染色体特征。细胞系的酯酶同功酶、葡萄糖 ６ 磷酸脱氢酶活性较好。     

蜜蜂端粒酶活性与端粒长度研究进展

端粒是存在于真核细胞染色体中的特殊结构,其功能是保护染色体末端的单链DNA不被机体识别成破损的双链DNA,避免错误修补,维持染色体的完整和细胞的活性,被称为“有丝分裂时钟”和“生命时钟”。在脊椎动物中,端粒的绝大部分是由一连串重复序列——(TTAGGG)n构成,在昆虫中,这种重复序列为(TTAGG)n,在植物中,这种重复序列为(TTTAGGG)n。端粒长度和端粒酶活性都可能影响动物的寿命,目前在医学上端粒的研究已经很成熟,但是在蜜蜂学上的研究很少,只有在蜜蜂滋养细胞和脂肪细胞上有所研究。目前应该以此为基础,借鉴端粒在医学上的研究,继续展开探索,以期获得更深入的结果,为提高蜜蜂寿命做出贡献。     

饲粮维生素K3添加水平对五龙鹅胫骨发育、免疫器官指数及抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素K3添加水平对五龙鹅胫骨发育、免疫器官指数及抗氧化性能的影响。试验分为2个阶段,1~4周龄阶段,选用1日龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3含量为1.23mg/kg),Ⅱ~Ⅵ组在基础饲粮中分别添加1、2、4、8和16mg/kg的维生素K3。5~16周龄阶段,选用28日龄五龙鹅288只,随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鹅。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3含量为1.18mg/kg),Ⅱ~Ⅵ组在基础饲粮中分别添加2、4、8、16和32mg/kg的维生素K3。试验期16周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,1~4周龄阶段,饲粮中添加4mg/kg维生素K3显著提高了胫骨粗灰分含量、骨密度、骨强度和骨重(P<0.05),极显著提高了胫骨钙、磷含量(P<0.01);5~16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8mg/kg维生素K3极显著提高了胫骨粗灰分、钙、磷含量及骨密度、骨强度(P<0.01),骨小梁和成骨细胞发育更好。2)饲粮中添加维生素K3对胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,1~4周龄阶段,饲粮中添加4mg/kg维生素K3显著提高了血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P<0.05),显著降低了血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),极显著提高了血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.01);5~16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8mg/kg维生素K3显著提高了血清T-SOD和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低了血清MDA含量(P<0.05),极显著提高了血清T-AOC(P<0.01)。由此可见,1~4周龄和5~16周龄五龙鹅饲粮中维生素K3添加水平分别为4和8mg/kg时,提高了胫骨粗灰分、钙、磷含量及骨密度、骨强度,改善胫骨发育状况;提高了血清T-SOD活性和T-AOC,降低了血清MDA含量,进而提高了五龙鹅抗氧化性能。     

Amino acids profile within peripheral blood and follicular fluid based on high‐performance liquid chromatography methods may explain differences in folliculogenesis between short‐term under/over‐fed treatments during luteal phase of Hu sheep

The nutritional alteration of amino acids (AAs) profile in physiological fluid was poorly characterized in livestock. After oestrus synchronization, 24 ewes were randomly assigned to two groups based on the nutrient requirement recommended for maintenance (M): the feed‐supplemented group (S, 1.5 × M, N = 12) and feed‐restricted group (R, 0.5 × M, N = 12) on days 6–12 of their oestrous cycle, which occurred shortly before ovulation. The concentration of 30 AAs in peripheral blood (PB) and follicular fluid (FF) was quantified to calculate the PB‐to‐FF concentration gap for each AA and determine its correlation with metabolites and hormones in PB and FF. Results showed that the feed restriction enlarged the oestrous cycle length, decreased the number of follicles 2.5–3.5 mm, increased the number of follicles >3.5 mm and augmented the volume of follicles >2.5 mm. Nineteen AAs from PB were significantly different between the groups. The phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) and ration of essential AAs to nonessential AAs (EAA/NEAA) in FF significantly (p < 0.05) increased and decreased in the R group, respectively. Most AAs, except aspartate (Asp) and carnosine (Car) in the R group and alanine (aAla) in both groups, were significantly lower within FF than those within PB. The correlation of AAs with FSH and progesterone (P₄) was more significant than that of AAs with other endocrine milieu characteristics. In conclusion, our results revealed that the influence of short‐term nutritional manipulation during luteal phase on folliculogenesis might not be due to the variation of intrafollicular AAs profile but rather attribute to the peripheral blood AAs profile alteration.     

L-茶氨酸对氧化应激断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

本研究探讨了L-茶氨酸对氧化应激断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响。试验采用2×2二因素设计,160头断奶仔猪（7.53 kg±0.51 kg）随机分为4个处理组：1组（日粮中不添加L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射5 mL生理盐水）;2组（日粮中不添加L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射8 mg/kg体重敌快死）;3组（日粮中添加1 000 mg/kg L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射5 mL生理盐水）;4组（日粮中添加1 000 mg/kg L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射8 mg/kg体重敌快死）。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果显示：①与1组相比,2组仔猪平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）显著降低,而料重比显著升高（P<0.05）;与2组相比,4组仔猪ADG显著增加（P<0.05）。②与1组相比,2组仔猪血清丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加,而总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著下降（P<0.05）,3组仔猪血清MDA显著降低,而T-AOC显著增加（P<0.05）;与2组相比,4组仔猪血清MDA含量显著降低,而T-AOC和GSH-Px活性显著上升（P<0.05）。③与1组相比,2组仔猪血清IgA、IgG、IL-2、IL-4水平显著增加,C3和C4水平显著下降（P<0.05）,3组仔猪血清IgA、IgG和IL-4水平显著降低,而C3和C4水平显著增加（P<0.05）;与2组相比,4组仔猪血清IgA、IgG、IL-2、IL-4水平显著降低,而血清C3水平显著增加（P<0.05）。结果表明,注射敌快死可引发仔猪氧化应激,造成生长性能下降、体液免疫能力下降;日粮中添加1 000 mg/kg L-茶氨酸可缓解仔猪氧化损伤,提高氧化应激仔猪的生长性能、抗氧化能力和体液免疫能力。     

生态学视角下现代动物营养学的发展

生态学(Ecology)是研究生物及其环境关系的科学.随着生态学的发展,其内涵和外延都发生了很大变化,其研究水平和范畴,也从分子、个体、种群、群落、生态系统、景观(区域),直至全球.现代生态学着重研究生态系统的结构、功能,以及人类活动对生态系统的影响,尤其注重解决社会、经济、环境、资源等维系生态系统的结构、功能稳定,以及人类生存的重大问题.现代生态学的基本特征是以生态系统为对象,以人一自然关系为基础,以高效和谐为方向,以生态工程技术和整体调控为手段,以可持续发展为目标,对相关学科的发展具有极强的指导作用[1].     

The Concentrations of Inflammatory Cytokines and Acute‐Phase Proteins in the Peripheral Blood and Uterine Washings in Cows with Pyometra

The development of pyometra in cows depends largely on the state of local immunity of the uterus. The objective of the study was to evaluate the concentration of the following proinflammatory cytokines: tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6); anti‐inflammatory cytokine: interleukin‐10 (IL‐10); and acute‐phase proteins (APPs): haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), in serum and uterine washings in cows with pyometra and healthy animals. The study was performed on 20 cows divided into two groups based on the results of cytological and ultrasonographic tests: a pyometra and a healthy group (10 cows per group). Experimental material consisted of blood serum and uterine washings. The levels of the following cytokines, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10 and APPs – Hp and SAA, in the study material were determined by ELISA. The results showed that the values of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10 as well as SAA and Hp were significantly higher in serum of cows with pyometra compared to controls (p < 0.001). The uterine washings had significantly higher levels of IL‐6, IL‐10, and Hp in pyometra cows compared to the control (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that it is possible to monitor the course of pyometra in cows based on the evaluation of the concentration of cytokines and Hp in the serum and uterine washings. Simultaneous evaluation of selected indicators of antagonistic interaction can be helpful in determining the current status of local immunity of the uterus. On this basis, it could be possible to properly select an adjunctive therapy in the form of immunomodulating preparations.     

产蛋鸡浒苔代谢能及氨基酸利用率的测定

为测定产蛋鸡对浒苔中能量及氨基酸的利用率,试验选择体重(1.78±0.11)kg、42周龄、无怪癖、产蛋率基本相同且经过7 d采食训练的健康海兰褐壳蛋鸡36只,随机分为A、B 2组,每组设6个重复(笼),每重复(笼)3只。A组饲喂基础日粮,B组饲喂由94%基础日粮与6%浒苔组成的试验日粮。试验期7 d,其中预试期4 d,正式期3 d。采用全部收粪及套测法测定了产蛋鸡对浒苔能量及氨基酸的表观利用率。结果表明:产蛋鸡浒苔表观代谢能为10.05 MJ/kg,干物质、粗蛋白和总氨基酸表观利用率依次为62.11%、63.32%和73.07%,必需氨基酸利用率在62.26%~83.07%之间,平均为73.87%;产蛋鸡饲粮中添加浒苔可显著提高饲粮干物质、能量、粗蛋白及总氨基酸的表观利用率。     

果胶酶和纤维素酶对五龙鹅养分表观利用率、消化酶活性及排泄物指标的影响

本试验旨在研究高纤维饲粮中添加果胶酶和纤维素酶对鹅养分表观利用率、消化酶活性及排泄物指标的影响。选用1日龄五龙鹅216只,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鹅。Ⅰ组饲喂高纤维基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在Ⅰ组饲粮基础上添加5 000、10 000、15 000 U/kg的果胶酶,Ⅴ组添加5 000 U/kg果胶酶和40 000 U/kg纤维素酶,Ⅵ组添加10 000 U/kg果胶酶和40 000 U/kg纤维素酶。试验期112 d。结果表明:1)Ⅴ、Ⅵ组干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和能量的表观利用率显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),钙表观利用率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组钙表观利用率显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。2)4周龄时,Ⅴ、Ⅵ组胰腺淀粉酶活性、十二指肠淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);16周龄时,Ⅴ、Ⅵ组胰腺淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性、十二指肠胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅴ、Ⅵ组十二指肠淀粉酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01)。3)16周龄时,Ⅴ、Ⅵ组盲肠乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),产气荚膜梭菌的数量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。4)各组排泄物中大肠杆菌数量及总氮、总磷含量无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加果胶酶和纤维素酶可提高五龙鹅养分表观利用率和肠道酶活性,对排泄物指标无影响。