中国南部热带植物区系的特点与亲缘

中国南部热带植物区系主要以云南南部、广西西南部和海南热带植物区系为代表 .该文简要分析了它们植物区系的组成特征和地理成分 ,比较研究了云南南部和海南热带植物区系与东南亚的马来半岛和文莱热带植物区系的关系 ,得出以下结论 :(1)中国南部植物区系主要由热带植物区系成分组成 ,热带分布的科和属分别占总科和属数的 6 0 %和 80 %多 ,在热带分布属中 ,又具体以热带亚洲成分占优势 ,显示该植物区系是热带性质的植物区系 ,具有热带亚洲亲缘 ;(2 )中国南部热带植物区系中多于 70 %的科和多于 5 0 %的属与马来西亚植物区系共有 ,并且其优势科中大多数也为马来西亚植物区系的优势科 ,意味着在植物区系分区上它属于热带亚洲或印度 马来西亚植物区系的一部分 ;(3)由于位于东南亚热带北缘 ,中国南部热带植物区系中以边缘热带成分为主 ,是印度 马来西亚植物区系的热带北缘类型 ;(4)中国南部植物区系的热带亚洲亲缘可以从东南亚的地质演化历史解释     

水分胁迫对栓皮栎幼苗生理特性及生长的影响

通过盆栽实验，研究了在不同的水分条件下栓皮栎幼苗生理特性的变化和苗木生长量的变化。研究表明，在水分胁迫初期，随土壤含水量的降低，栓皮栎叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率下降，而水分利用效率提高。在水分胁迫末期，由于长期的干旱胁迫，水分条件最差的一组苗木已干枯死亡，土壤含水量从38．123％下降到20．323％时，净光合速率和蒸腾速率均下降，水分利用效率也下降。随着土壤含水量的降低，苗高、地径和生物量均有下降的趋势，其中生物量下降的幅度最大。     

竹资源在发展生态旅游中的文化价值

生态旅游作为旅游开发的一大热点,在开发中面临着如何丰富、深化其内涵的问题.我国是一个竹资源丰富的国家,该文就竹资源在发展生态旅游中的价值从竹子的观赏造景功能、文化承载功能、旅游商品开发价值等方面进行了探讨.     

Technical change in forest sector models: the global forest products model approach

Technical change is developing rapidly in some parts of the forest sector, especially in the pulp and paper industry where wood fiber is being substituted by waste paper. In forest sector models, the processing of wood and other input into products is frequently represented by activity analysis (input–output). In this context, technical change translates in changes over time of the input–output (I–O) coefficients and of the manufacturing cost (labor, capital, and materials, excluding wood and fiber). In the case of the global forest products model, the I–O coefficients and the manufacturing costs are determined empirically from historical data, while correcting for possible reporting errors. The method consists of goal programming. The objective function is the sum of the weighted absolute value of the deviations from estimated and observed production in each country of interest. The constraints express the relationship between the multiple output (sawnwood, panels, pulp, paper) and input (wood, waste paper, other fiber) and prior knowledge on the limits of the I–O coefficients. The paper presents observed technical changes from 1993 to 2010 and projections to 2030 with their consequences for the global forest sector in terms of prices, production and consumption, value added, and carbon sequestration in forest biomass.     

Power spectrum density and experimental modal analysis of wide belt sander applied in domestic wood industry

This paper took the upper-lower wide belt sander B229 with four-feet wide belts, manufactured in China, as the study target. By means of framework dynamic design, we study its vibration characteristics by commencing from the place having horizontal defects and used experimental modal analysis (EMA) and power spectrum density (PSD) to observe the sanding parts and the whole machine, respectively. In the modal test, we mainly adopted the cross spots testing method to get the frequency response function of the fixed spots to every excitation vibration spot, then applied the SISO frequency response function and the frequency response function fitting method to identify and complete parameter recognition, respectively. The typical frequency response function chart of the whole machine and its sanding parts, as well as its second-order mode charts of contacting roller, were obtained. Through PSD analysis, we can get the amplitude-frequency spectrum and drive frequency. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 132–137 [译自: 林业科学]     

"なんだか"与"なんとなく"的异同

“なんだか”与“なんとなく”都是副词,在意义和用法上既有相同之处,也有不同之处。但是,在什么样的场合,其意义和用法相同,二者可以换用；在什么样的场合,其意义和用法又不尽相同,二者不能互换,却是一个十分复杂,难以掌握的问题。本文对这两个词在意义和用法上的异同做一探讨。     

菇木林育苗造林试验初报

采用多年多点进行菇木多树种育苗造林试验，３年来共育苗１１ｈｍ２，营造试验林２０．８ｈｍ２，示范林６８．５ｈｍ２，树种１９个。试验结果表明，选用水稻田育苗，通过间苗补植等措施，使合格苗达８０％以上；选择山坡谷地的土层深厚、肥沃湿润地段造林，其成活率达８５．８％～９８．３％２年生桤木幼树，平均树高３．９３ｍ，平均地径４．１ｃｍ。初步看出桤木、杜英、马褂木是良好的速生菇木树种。     

配套栽培措施促进核桃大树丰产的研究*

1987～1990年在北京和山西两点分别进行了配套栽培措施促进核桃大树丰产的试验研究。结果表明:组装配套栽培措施不仅可以促进树体生长和大幅度提高产量,同时也能提高土壤有机质含量和改善土壤肥力状况。在一定范围内,配套栽培措施的迭加数目同增产幅度呈正相关。研究找出了两个试点的最佳处理组合。讨论了组装配套栽培措施的应用问题。     

亚硫酸盐酒糟醪液采脂对马尾松产脂量、木材生长量及木材物理力学性质的影响

作者通过七年的试验证明,亚硫酸盐酒糟醪液采脂其松脂产量比常法采脂增加27.2％;木材生长量比常法采脂少损失5.3％;木材物理力学指标,高于未采脂松树7—18％,而常法采脂基本上不改变松树木材的物理力学性质,不影响木材的利用价值。