日粮多不饱和脂肪酸对猪繁殖性能的影响

本文主要从多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的来源、合成途径、作用机理及使用效果等方面阐述了多不饱和脂肪酸影响猪繁殖性能的研究进展。     

南方建筑非透明围护结构热工与节能设计

如何兼顾冬夏两季建筑供暖空调负荷和能耗,保证室内热环境质量,确定最适宜的热工特性,是长期困扰中国南方建筑围护结构热工与节能设计的难点。通过对夏热冬冷和夏热冬暖地区建筑在采暖、空调与自然通风条件下动态热过程的分析,研究了这一地区围护结构热特性与能耗的制约关系,以及对室内热环境与建筑热稳定性的作用机理。在兼顾冬季保温与夏季隔热的情况下,将建筑全年能耗作为控制目标,从室内热环境质量、节能效果、围护结构的安全性、可靠性、经济性和实用性等角度评价目前所采用的围护结构节能技术存在的问题,提出一种适宜南方气候的建筑围护结构热特性指标及构造形式。     

施硅对白菜地上部吸收重金属镉的抑制效应

采用土培盆栽试验,研究了施硅对抑制白菜吸收外源重金属镉的效应,结果表明：在试验条件下,土壤施硅有利于黑叶白菜增强抗重金属镉胁迫的能力,显著地提高白菜地上部的生物量,白菜生物量随施硅水平提高而递增;显著地提高了土壤pH值和有效硅含量;显著地降低较高外源镉浓度（0.6,0.9mg/kg）处理的土壤有效镉含量;显著地减少在土壤较高外源镉浓度（0.6,0.9mg/kg）污染下的白菜地上部对镉的吸收与累积,有效地降低了白菜地上部重金属镉的浓度和吸收总量。可见,施适量的硅(1.0g/kg)可有效减轻白菜重金属镉污染毒害。     

木材断口分形的初步研究

木材是一种天然的多孔性生物高分子材料,结构复杂且变异性大,所以木材断裂表面定量分析的难度很高,对于木材内部裂纹产生、发展的研究一直没有大的突破.在木材断裂力学的研究中,国内外科学家运用传统的断裂试验方法研究居多,但普遍结论是规律不明显或找不到规律(费本华,1999).木材研究者们一直在寻找一种定量描述木材断裂表面形态的新指标,并希望在此基础上预测木材强度和了解木材断裂机制(Schmitt et al.,1996;Qin et al.,1999).     

Environmental toxicity identification of ancient smelting slag

The corrosion and extraction toxicity of heavy metal in ancient smelting slag is analyzed. Leaching behavior of heavy metal in smelting slag is discussed through extraction toxicity test of different pH values. The results show that the pH of smelting slag is alkalescence, the heavy metal content is high and the average content of heavy metal (zinc plus plumbum) is up to 6.97%. However, most of heavy metal in smelting slag is in residual state. Its extraction toxicity is low and potential harm for environment is obviously weakened. It indicates that forecasting heavy metal’s potential harm for environment in smelting slag by totalizing method is not accurate. The leachable quantities of heavy metals significantly increase in extremely acidic and alkaline condition. The leachable quantities of Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd are all up to maximum when pH<3. The leachable quantities of Zn, Pb and Cr all increase when pH>12, but the extracting amount is lower than that in acidic condition. The leachable quantity of Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd is minimal in neutral condition. Under normal rainfall conditions, potential harm for environment of ancient smelting slag is decreased to a lower level. It can be treated according to the requirement for general industrial solid wastes.     

Partial replacement of fishmeal with Clostridium autoethanogenum single‐cell protein in the diet for juvenile black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) is a single‐cell protein derived from ethanol production and may have potential to become a substitute for fishmeal in aquafeeds. A 70‐day feeding trial was conducted with black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) (mean initial weight 6.03 ± 0.09 g) to evaluate partial replacement of fishmeal with CAP in diets. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with graded levels of CAP (0, 4.85, 9.70, 14.55, 19.40, 38.80 and 58.20%) to replace fishmeal. The inclusion of CAP at all dietary levels tested did not significantly affect the growth performance (p > .05). Fish fed the CAP58.20% diet showed a significantly lower feeding rate, with significantly higher protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency ratio compared with fish fed the other diets (p < .05). No statistical differences were found in dorsal muscle and whole‐body compositions. Total superoxide dismutase in serum of fish fed CAP58.20% diet was significantly lower compared with that of the control. Malondialdehyde, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activities revealed no significant differences among dietary treatments. Phosphorus retention efficiency significantly increased, and phosphorus discharge showed a downward trend with increasing CAP inclusion levels. In conclusion, the results indicated that CAP is a safe and effective alternative protein source, which can replace fishmeal in the diet of black sea bream up to 58.20%, without adverse effects on growth performance, antioxidation and digestive enzyme activity. This study has shown the potential of converting industrial waste into a high protein feed ingredient for aquafeeds.     

灵芝主要活性成分及其功能的研究进展(综述)

参阅与综合分析40余篇中外文献,介绍近几年灵芝所含主要生理活性物质的研究成果:灵芝多糖、三萜类化合物、蛋白质等对于人类健康具有重要意义。概述灵芝的抗肿瘤、免疫调节、护肝解毒、降血糖、降血脂等方面的药用功效及其表现。     

黄母牛繁殖率低的原因及提高措施

我县是全省七个牧业县之一,有草原12.1万hm2,现有黄牛5.3万头,其中可繁母牛2.1万头,近十年来,黄母牛繁殖率低下,直接影响黄牛改良效果,为了搞清黄母牛繁殖率低下原因,在全县21个乡镇(场)、201个村进行调查,发现导致黄母牛受配率低的根本原因,主要有两个方面,第一是营养不良致使多数母牛不发情;第二是发情没有鉴别出来和人工授精技术员水平不高.     

基因多态性与牛疾病相关性的研究进展

基因多态性是指基因组序列上的变异,它是决定家畜对疾病易感性与抵抗力、疾病临床表现多样性以及不同个体对药物反应性的重要因素.研究基因多态性有利于定位和鉴定致病基因和疾病易感基因,使得从遗传学的角度控制疾病成为可能,从而达到减少家畜疾病防治的成本,改良家畜品种,为人类提供健康的动物产品的目的.笔者主要从抗病育种的角度综述了近年来基因多态性与牛疾病易感性和抗性的相关研究,并结合遗传信息学和表观遗传学,阐述家畜疾病控制的新进展.     

草珊瑚林间栽培习性及收获模型

简介草珊瑚林间栽培适宜环境及鲜叶、地上鲜重、叶面积３个预估模型。