追施不同形态氮肥对不同钾效率基因型棉花生长及产量品质的影响

【目的】探讨高、低供钾水平下,追施氮肥形态对棉花生长、钾素吸收利用以及产量、品质的影响。【方法】选择钾高效棉花品种辽棉18、冀棉958和钾低效棉花品种新棉99B为材料,进行营养钵培养试验,设置38.01mg·kg~(-1)和152.24 mg·kg~(-1)两个供钾水平,追施铵态氮肥(硫酸铵)和硝态氮肥(硝酸钙)两种形态氮素肥料。【结果】供钾不足会降低棉花果枝始节和单株成铃数,高钾处理棉花干物质积累量、钾累积量、钾利用指数以及产量显著高于低钾处理;与追施硝态氮肥相比,追施铵态氮肥会降低棉株高度、果枝数和单株成铃数,减少籽棉产量和总干物质积累量;追施铵态氮肥处理棉花对钾素的吸收和利用显著低于追施硝态氮肥处理。【结论】钾低效基因型品种棉花在钾素供应不足时对追施铵态氮肥更敏感,且棉花成熟越晚受到追施肥料氮素形态影响越大。     

Conferring resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in durum wheat by a QTL identified in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum spelta</Emphasis>

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes significant yield loss and degrade the end-use quality of wheat, especially in regions with prolonged wet weather during the harvesting season. Unfortunately, the gene pool of Triticum durum (tetraploid durum wheat) has narrow genetic base for PHS resistance. Therefore, finding out new genetic resources from other wheat species to develop PHS resistance in durum wheat is of importance. A major PHS resistance QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, was mapped on chromosome 3BL in a recombinant inbred line population derived from ‘CSCR6’ (Triticum spelta), a PHS resistant hexaploid wheat and ‘Lang’, a PHS susceptible Australian hexaploid wheat cultivar. This QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, is positioned between DArT marker wPt-3107 and wPt-6785. Two SCAR markers (Ph3B.1 and Ph3B.2) were developed to track this major QTL and were used to assay a BC₂F₈ tetraploid population derived from a cross between the durum wheat ‘Bellaroi’ (PHS susceptible) and ‘CSCR6’ (PHS resistant). Phenotypic assay and marker-assisted selection revealed five stable tetraploid lines were highly PHS resistant. This study has successfully established that PHS-resistance QTL from hexaploid wheat could be efficiently introgressed into tetraploid durum wheat. This tetraploid wheat germplasm could be useful in developing PHS resistant durum cultivars with higher yield and good end-use quality.     

植物中抗氧化活性成分的研究进展

天然的抗氧化剂能有效的清除自由基从而保护机体健康,从植物中寻找高效、廉价、低毒的天然抗氧化剂成为目前抗氧化剂发展的一个必然趋势。本文综述了植物中起抗氧化作用的活性成分的研究进展,以期为天然植物抗氧化活性成分的开发利用提供理论基础。     

山西忻州地区植物物候与气候变化特征分析

摘要：本文利用了忻州市、五台县的气象和物候资料,并运用距平分析法、回归分析法、M-K突变分析法,分析其特征。结果显示,1）忻州、五台两个农业气象站点,年平均气温冷暖交替变化,年降水量逐年减小。2）两个农业气象站的植物,春季物候期均呈提前趋势。秋季物候期表现不一致,忻州市秋季物候期的平均倾向率为1.29d/a,整体趋势表现为推迟;五台县的秋季物候期,因紫丁香提前趋势相对较大,故总体呈提前趋势。3）植物物候期与气温变化的相关性较大,而年降水量对其变化的影响较为微弱。从植物物候期突变时间可看出,其与气温、降水突变时间同步或紧随其后,且对气温的小幅变化反应敏感。     

Influence of Characteristic of Zeolite on Loading Nano-TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of Oxytetracyline in Aqueous Solution

The composite photocatalysts were made by using solid dispersion method with nano-TiO2 loaded on hydrophobic or hydrophilic zeolite and zeolite with different pore diameters. The removal and mineralization efficiency of oxytetracycline (OTC) in aqueous solution were investigated under the irradiation of 32 W UV lamps by composite photocatalysts loaded with different ratios of nano-TiO2. The results showed that UV/10%TZ2 (hydrophilic zeolite) achieved a better removal efficiency of OTC than UV/40%TZ1 (hydrophobic zeolite) while UV/15%T5A (hydrophilic zeolite with a pore diameter of 0.5 nm) achieved a better removal efficiency of OTC than UV/10%T13X (hydrophilic zeolite with a pore diameter of 1 nm). That is to certify that the hydrophilic zeolite and zeolite with small pore diameters loaded with nano-TiO2 could achieve better removal effects for OTC in aqueous solution. The OTC that adsorbed on the inside surface of 13X cannot be degraded due to the out range of hydroxyl radicals attack.     

Reconstruction of Pore Structures and Water Vapor Transfer Properties of Porous Medium

Isotropic and anisotropic porous medium with the same porosity, different pore size distributions and pore surface fractal dimensions were constructed by random growth method, and the impact of microscopic pore structure on moisture migration process in pores of porous medium was theoretically studied. The results show that the internal transport properties of porous medium are not only determinded by porosity, but also greatly influenced by pore size distribution and pore surface fractal dimension. The biggest water vapor diffusion concentration differences of three kinds of isotropic and three kinds of anisotropic porous medium with the same porosity, different pore size distributions and pore surface fractal dimensions are 30.6% and 23.3%, respectively. Better water vapor diffusion properties in pores of isotropic porous medium demands for bigger tiny pore size distribution rate and larger pore surface fractal dimension, which means the pore connectivity is better. While better water vapor diffusion properties in pores of anisotropic porous medium(water vapor diffusion direction is perpendicular to the direction of larger growth rate of anisotropic porous medium) demands for more big pore size distribution and smaller pore surface fractal dimension. The method lays a theoretical foundation for preparing indoor humidity control of building materials.     

Marker‐assisted backcrossing of a null allele of the α‐subunit of Soybean (Glycine max) β‐conglycinin with a Chinese soybean cultivar (a). The development of improved lines

The development of soybean varieties that lack the β‐conglycinin α‐subunit is an attractive goal because the β‐conglycinin α‐subunit negatively influences the nutrition and gelation of tofu and is a major allergen. To remove this undesirable allergen and simultaneously improve the seed nutritional value and food‐processing quality, marker‐assisted background selection (MABS) was used in backcross breeding to incorporate cgy‐2, a null phenotype version of the gene encoding the β‐conglycinin α‐subunit, from the donor line ‘RiB’ into the genetic background of the Chinese cultivar ‘Dongnong47’ (DN47), a popular high‐oil superfine seed soybean cultivar from Heilongjiang Province, China. In each F₂ (F₂, BC_nF₂) generation of the breeding programme, the offspring that carried the introgressed cgy‐2 were identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and rescreened by MABS using simple sequence repeat markers to accelerate recurrent parent genome recovery. Of the 49 advanced backcrossing breeding lines (ABLs), the three best lines, ABL1, ABL2 and ABL3, were selected from the BC₁, BC₂ and BC₃ populations, respectively. The ABLs were evaluated for desirable agronomic characteristics, yield‐related traits, amino acid composition, free amino acid composition and tofu‐processing quality in the mature seeds. All of the ABLs lacked the α‐subunit but grew and reproduced normally without deleterious effects on physiological processes such as seed development and germination. The free amino acid content of ABL1 was significantly higher than that of ‘DN47’, with arginine (Arg) being particularly enriched. Compared to the recurrent parent ‘DN47’, the total protein content of the three ABLs was higher, the amino acid composition of the seed proteins was markedly modified and the yield and hardness of the tofu that was made from the ABLs were significantly increased. MABS combined with stringent phenotypic selection in a backcross breeding programme is a feasible strategy for the genetic engineering of seed protein components to produce allergenic subunit‐deficient variant alleles.     

覆盖免耕对棉田土壤物理性质及棉花生理特性的影响

采用裂区设计,研究了秸秆覆盖及免耕对土壤温度、容重及棉花功能叶SPAD值、光合特性、生育性状等的影响。结果表明：免耕降低土壤温度、容重以及棉花的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率,但功能叶SPAD值为免耕>翻耕;秸秆覆盖降低土壤温度,提高土壤含水量;免耕下秸秆覆盖较地膜覆盖和露地提高土壤容重及棉花的气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率,翻耕时结果与此相反;翻耕处理棉花长势强于免耕,但单株结铃数差异不显著;秸秆覆盖较露地能显著提高棉花铃数、铃重和衣分;秸秆覆盖量越大,功能叶SPAD值越小,但产量越高。秸秆覆盖免耕下棉花光合能力和产量表现均差于翻耕,但产量与露地及地膜覆盖处理间的差异不显著。     

6种玉米种衣剂的理化性质测定及其安全性研究

为了解市场上玉米种衣剂的质量,对6种市售玉米种衣剂的理化性质和安全性进行了测定。理化性质表明：6种种衣剂的成膜时间、包衣均匀度和悬浮率都符合国家标准;不同种衣剂粘度值差异显著,只有福?克和克?戊?三唑酮符合国家标准;pH值都在6.83~7.55之间,其中克?福?萎、福?克?唑醇和克?醇?福美双符合国家标准;包衣脱落率只有克?福?萎大于10%,其它药剂均达到国家标准。室内发芽实验表明：经玉米种衣剂处理后,玉米种子活力等各项指标均低于对照;而田间实验表明：种衣剂处理后,玉米出苗率、幼苗素质与对照相比都有所提高,其中福?克效果最为显著。从室内、田间的实验结果分析,福?克是6种玉米种衣剂中的最佳选择。     

猪生长激素ELISA检测体系的建立

本文分别以自制猪生长激素单克隆抗体及兔抗猪生长激素IgG就影响检测elisa(酶联免疫吸附法)体系因素进行探讨,建立了检测猪生长激素的elisa方法。猪生长激素单克隆抗体的最适操作参考值为：单抗最佳包被浓度为3μg/mL,包被条件为4℃过夜,5%羊血清封闭1h,兔抗猪生长激素IgG 最佳工作浓度为2μg/mL。