膜下滴灌结合暗管排水技术改良新疆盐碱地效果综述

膜下滴灌技术的大面积推广和应用,为新疆乃至西北干旱地区作物高产提供了强大的技术支撑。应用在盐碱地改良中,膜下滴灌“有灌无排”模式仅调节耕层盐分分布,并不能将盐分排出土体,长年灌溉容易引起爆发式积盐的风险,而暗管排水是目前公认的改良盐碱地最直接、最有效的方法。目前,将膜下滴灌与暗管排水有机结合形成的新型灌溉技术,充分利用膜下滴灌良好的抑蒸增温、节水抑盐等优势,同时利用暗管将淋洗盐水及时排出土体,使盐碱化土层产生新的水盐平衡,已在新疆盐碱地区开发利用中得到长足发展。本文重点分析并总结了新疆灌区膜下滴灌结合暗管排水系统的设计参数及土壤水盐运移规律,并综述了土壤理化性质及作物产量对该灌排技术的响应研究,以期为新疆盐碱地农业可持续发展提供理论依据和技术指导。     

自适应式丘陵山地拖拉机底盘传动及转向系统设计

针对丘陵山地拖拉机田间地头转向困难及已作业地块易被压紧压实的难题,设计了一种自适应式丘陵山地拖拉机底盘。其采用机械传动方式,发动机横向布置于车架上,动力由发动机一端经过皮带输送到变速器等传动部件用于底盘驱动行驶,另一端输出用于田间收割等作业。转向系统为断开式梯形结构设计,采用前轮偏转和四轮偏转两种转向方式,可实现全液压四轮异相位转向。结果表明：底盘最高及最低行驶速度分别为10.98 Km/h及0.91 Km/h,最大传动比为370.37,最小传动比为61.38,底盘前轮偏转时的最小转弯半径为2003mm,四轮偏转时的最小转弯半径为1494mm。该丘陵山地拖拉机具有良好的小地块作业适应能力。     

Study of wavelet denoising in apple's charge-coupled device near-infrared spectroscopy

Discrete wavelet transform was used to eliminate the noise in the charge-coupled device near-infrared (CCD-NIR) spectra of apple. The influence of three parameters (wavelet function, decomposition level, and threshold) on the predictive ability of the calibration model was investigated. The result showed that the db, sym, and bior wavelet families performed well, while the coif, dmey, and haar wavelets were not able to denoise effectively. The best decomposition level was 2. The threshold selection rules of the default, Birge-Massart, and Penalty had good denoising results, while SURE, Sqtwolog, Heuristic SURE, and Minimax set all detailed coefficients to zero due to their high threshold values. The best denoising result was obtained with the combination of the bior3.3 wavelet function, two levels of decomposition, default threshold selection rule, and the soft thresholding method. The optimal model of soluble solids content was constructed. The relative standard deviation of prediction decreased from 7.79 to 5.82% after wavelet denoising.     

Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and oxidative burst in polymorphonuclear neutrophils by caffeic acid and hispidin derivatives isolated from sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis Burm.)

Several antioxidant compounds have been previously identified from sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis Burm.) by DPPH bleaching and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) analyses. Among the isolates, 7-O-caffeoylhydroxymaltol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and hispidin 4-O-beta- D-glucopyranoside [6-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-2-pyrone] were two new compounds. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible effect of the aqueous extract of sword brake fern (SBF) and these two compounds in preventing atherosclerosis. The results demonstrated that SBF and these two compounds strongly inhibited Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay (TBARS), conjugated diene production, and relative electrophoretic mobility. The commercial antioxidant dl-alpha-tocopherol showed lower antioxidant activity than these two compounds at the same molecular concentration. SBF and these two compounds also suppressed N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). These findings indicate that sword brake fern may prevent atherosclerosis via inhibition of both LDL oxidation and ROS production.     

Antihyperglycemic Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platycodon grandiflorum</Emphasis> (Jacq.) A. DC. Extract on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice

The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC has been reported to have a wide range of health benefits in oriental food. This study examined the hypoglycemic effects of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC aqueous-ethanol extract (PGE) in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic ICR mice (STZ diabetic mice) for the first time. The effects of PGE on blood glucose, plasma insulin levels and body weight were investigated. A significant decrease in blood glucose levels was observed after single administration of PGE. Furthermore, Glibenclamide and PGE significantly suppressed the rise in blood glucose after 30 min in the acute glucose tolerance test. Treatment with glibenclamide and PGE resulted in a reduction in blood glucose levels from the 2nd week, and this reduction was maintained until the 4th week of treatment. The body weight changed slightly in glibenclamide and PGE treated mice in comparison with the STZ control group. Plasma insulin levels were increased with glibenclamide treatment in STZ diabetic mice, whereas such effect was not observed with PGE. These results indicated that PGE could induce hypoglycemic effects without stimulating insulin secretion.     

基于自然保护地体系的森林公园规划范围调整思考——以安吉竹乡国家森林公园为例

随着国家自然保护地体系的建立,安吉竹乡国家森林公园也正面临新的机遇与挑战。原规划范围与自然保护区、风景名胜区以及生态红线存在交叉与重叠,亟需进行优化整合。文章从优化整合空间、确定发展定位、明确保护重点、提升资源价值4个方面论述了竹乡国家森林公园的规划策略,分析了调整森林公园经营范围的意义和必要性。文章认为,调整后的竹乡国家森林公园经营范围符合安吉经济社会发展需要,有利于森林公园的经营管理,有利于安吉小鲵国家级自然保护区保护,同时能够带动新增地区的生态旅游发展,新规划是可行的。     

竹木复合砧板基材对其硬度和甲醛释放量的影响

为探究竹木复合砧板基材对其硬度和甲醛释放量的影响,分别选择基材为木材、竹材和人造板的3类竹木复合砧板,测定并分析其硬度与甲醛释放量。结果表明：基材为木材和竹材的竹木复合砧板硬度大于基材为人造板的竹木复合砧板硬度;基材为人造板的竹木复合砧板甲醛释放量大于基材为竹材和木材的竹木复合砧板甲醛释放量。研究结果可为生活中选择竹木复合砧板提供参考。     

武汉市农田林网白蚁生存环境与防治技术研究初探

白蚁是危害武汉市农田林网的主要害虫之一,对全市立木、农作物、建筑和木材谷物等造成很大损失。本研究调查了武汉市主要农田林网地区白蚁的种类、生物学特性及活动生存环境,并分析了种群与土壤之间的关系。结果显示项目研究地农田林网树木白蚁主要为黑翅土白蚁,喜欢生活在潮湿的土壤中。在粘壤土中,主巢入土深度在150 cm以内的占总数80.2%。通过毒饵诱杀法和药物阻隔法,市售的三种药剂均对黑翅土白蚁具有较好的防治效果,平均防治效果达到80.0%以上。     

浙江地区鹅星状病毒分离鉴定及其衣壳蛋白多克隆抗体的制备

鹅星状病毒(GAstV)是当前鹅养殖业的重要病原,易引起雏鹅内脏痛风症状和死亡,造成巨大经济损失。于浙江省内采集30份病料,进行核酸检测、病原分离和测序,并克隆其ORF2序列至pET-28a原核表达载体,转化BL21菌株后经诱导获得衣壳蛋白,免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。结果显示,临床死亡雏鹅剖检均发现典型内脏痛风症状,核酸检测鉴定为鹅星状病毒阳性,且出现不同基因型鹅星状病毒混合感染情况。共分离得到ZJC14和ZJLD20两个毒株,其中,ZJLD20在鹅胚和LMH细胞中均稳定增殖,但ZJC14并不能适应LMH细胞。病毒基因组测序显示,ZJC14与ZJLD20亲缘关系较远,ZJC14属于GAstV-Ⅰ基因型,而ZJLD20为GAstV-Ⅱ基因型。重组表达载体pET28a-ORF2诱导后获得纯化目的蛋白,经免疫成功制备兔源多克隆抗体,该抗体可与目的蛋白结合。此外,间接免疫荧光和Western-blot试验结果显示,ZJLD20衣壳蛋白制备的多克隆抗体可与病毒结合反应。研究成果有利于后续对该病原致病能力的研究,同时,试验制备的ORF2衣壳蛋白与多克隆抗体为鹅源星状病毒感染的诊断试剂开发奠定了基础。     

发育大豆子叶细胞中酸性磷酸酶的亚细胞学定位

本实验采用电镜细胞化学技术，观察了酸性磷酸酶在发育中大豆子叶细胞内的亚细胞学分布。酸性磷酸酶除分布在细胞核内的部分染色质上，内质网膜上，质体胞质小泡和胞质中，主要积累于蛋白体内。