流感病毒血凝素受体分子的研究进展

血凝素是流感病毒的重要糖蛋白,它的受体研究是目前国际上的热点。作者针对流感病毒的HA受体分子从分子学基础、种属特异性和致病性方面作一综述。     

Prevalence of feline calicivirus and the distribution of serum neutralizing antibody against isolate strains in cats of Hangzhou,China

BackgroundFeline calicivirus (FCV) is a common pathogen of felids, and FCV vaccination is regularly practiced. The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of FCV hinder the effective control and prevention of infection by vaccination. Improved knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of FCV should assist in the development of more effective vaccines.ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the prevalence of FCV in a population of cats with FCV-suspected clinical signs in Hangzhou and to demonstrate the antigenic and genetic relationships between vaccine status and representative isolated FCV strains.MethodsCats (n = 516) from Hangzhou were investigated between 2018 and 2020. The association between risk factors and FCV infection was assessed. Phylogenetic analyses based on a capsid coding sequence were performed to identify the genetic relationships between strains. In vitro virus neutralization tests were used to assess antibody levels against isolated FCV strains in client-owned cats.ResultsThe FCV-positive rate of the examined cats was 43.0%. Risk factors significantly associated with FCV infection were vaccination status and oral symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a radial phylogeny with no evidence of temporal or countrywide clusters. There was a significant difference in the distribution of serum antibody titers between vaccinated and unvaccinated cats.ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence and genetic diversity of FCV in Hangzhou. The results indicate that the efficacy of FCV vaccination is unsatisfactory. More comprehensive and refined vaccination protocols are an urgent and unmet need.     

H9N2亚型禽流感流行分析及疫苗毒株的筛选

本研究旨在筛选新型免疫原性好、广谱的优秀 H9亚型禽流感病毒疫苗株。通过 H9N2分子流行病学调查对分离得到的37株禽流感 H9N2亚型病毒进行 HA 基因分子遗传进化及其关键位点分析,利用交叉 HI 效价及鸡胚中和试验分析毒株间毒力及其相关性,制备疫苗用毒株进行免疫攻毒保护试验。结果显示,从37株病毒中选出12株病毒作为代表,分为3个分支,同分支之间交叉 HI 效价及中和效价最高。HI 试验及鸡胚中和试验均显示同分支毒株间的相关系数高。免疫攻毒保护试验显示同分支疫苗株安全性高。表明我国禽流感 H9N2亚型情况复杂,且疫苗保护效果与疫苗株的抗原匹配性密切相关,生产多种分支 H9疫苗株联合更有利于控制 H9型禽流感,     

不同饲养条件对蝇蛆生长发育及蛹虫繁殖性能的影响

在不同饲养条件下饲养蝇蛆,从而建立蝇蛆养殖的最优环境组合量化标准.选择培养基基料中不同奶粉添加量、培养基湿度及饲养密度3个主要因素,每因素设4个水平,进行交叉组合试验,共有64个处理,每个处理设3个重复,观测每个组合条件下饲养蝇蛆的蛆重、蛆长、蛹重、蛹长等指标,以评价这些因素对蝇蛆生长发育及蛹虫繁殖性能的影响.单因素方...     

过表达桑树色氨酸脱羧酶基因(MnTDC)转基因烟草提高其耐盐性

褪黑素在植物生长、发育、生物与非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。色氨酸脱羧酶(tryptophan decarboxylase, TDC)是褪黑素生物合成中第一个重要的酶。本研究克隆川桑TDC基因,并将其转入烟草中过表达,探讨MnTDC在盐胁迫下的作用机制。结果表明,成功构建过表达载体pLGNL-MnTDC,并经过农杆菌介导的愈伤组织转化获得3个独立转基因系。GUS染色、基因组PCR鉴定证明MnTDC成功转化到烟草株系中。qRT-PCR结果表明MnTDC在3个转基因烟草株系中的转录水平显著高于野生型(WT)。UPLC-MS/MS结果表明转基因株系显著提高了褪黑素的生物合成量。盐胁迫下,MnTDC过表达烟草与野生株系烟草相比,耐盐性显著增强。转基因烟草株系中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著高于野生株系烟草,脯氨酸(Pro)等调节渗透压物质的含量和ERD10C等调节渗透压的基因表达量显著高于野生株系烟草,转基因株系中丙二醛(MDA)含量比野生株系烟草低。研究结果表明,MnTDC通过调节烟草细胞中褪黑素的含量进而影响了烟草植株整体的耐盐性。本研究初步揭...     

2018年安徽省部分地区A型禽流感流行率横断面研究

为了解安徽省A型禽流感病毒感染情况,2018年4—5月,在安徽省北部、中部和南部7个市,随机选取各类型场点173个,在每个场点内随机采集35份咽喉/泄殖腔和环境拭子样品,使用荧光RT-PCR进行A型、H5亚型、H7亚型流感病毒核酸检测。结果显示：在4个养殖场、3个活禽批发市场和17个农贸市场检出了A型禽流感病毒,场点阳性率分别为2.9%（4/140）、75.0%（3/4）、80.9%（17/21）,未检出H5和H7亚型流感病毒核酸;A型禽流感群体流行率为11.2%（95%CI：6.5%~15.8%）,个体流行率为1.2%（95%CI：0.9%~1.5%）;活禽交易市场内,禽群感染A型禽流感病毒的风险较高（OR=136,95%CI：32.7~549.4）。结果表明,A型禽流感病毒在养殖和交易环节存在一定的污染,而在活禽交易市场的污染更严重,是今后禽流感防控的重点,需继续加强活禽交易市场的管理和消毒灭源工作。     

基于案例的国内动物疫病风险评估技术发展现状研究

为了解我国动物疫病风险评估研究进展,本研究对我国2006—2016年间发表的动物疫病风险评估模型相关文献进行分析。采用文献回顾的方式,就动物疫病风险评估模型的构建目标、构建方法、评估对象、模型结构及实际应用进行研究。研究表明,我国动物疫病风险评估模型研究与国际基本同步,但也存在理论体系研究薄弱、理论联系实际不足等问题。同时,提出了完善理论体系建设、推广模型应用等建议。     

PCR方法扩增种属特异性片段检测猪源成分

针对猪线粒体基因的保守序列,设计特异性引物,优化反应条件和反应参数,建立了食品和饲料中猪源性成分的PCR检测方法。该方法灵敏、特异,检测低限达0.01%。其推广使用,对于加强食品、饲料的质量控制和监督监管,具有参考价值。     

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of new Newcastle disease virus isolates from the mainland of China

Seventy-nine velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were obtained from infected chicken flocks during the outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) in various regions of the mainland of China in 2006. The F gene fragment (535 bp, from nt 47 to 581 of the F gene) which codes the main functional region of the F protein was obtained by RT-PCR and sequenced. All sequences obtained in this study have been submitted to GenBank. All the isolates have the motif ¹¹²R-R-Q/R-K/R-R-F¹¹⁷ at the cleavage site of the fusion protein, which is typical of velogenic NDV isolates. For genotyping, a phylogenetic tree based on nucleotides 47–435 of the F gene was constructed, and the 79 isolates could be divided into two genotypes, namely VIId and III. Most of the isolates proved to be of genotype VIId; only two isolates were of genotype III. Genotype VIId NDV has been the predominant pathogen responsible for most Newcastle disease outbreaks in China. The proportion of isolates of genotype VIId NDV shows an increasing trend, according to studies on the molecular epidemiology of NDV in China from 2002 to 2006.