猪牛产后瘫痪的诊治报告

在农村,猪牛发生产后瘫痪是一种常见病、多发病.本病以四肢运动机能减弱或丧失为特征,又称为产后麻痹.现将治疗情况例举如下.     

动物卫生监督执法的难点及对策

《动物防疫法》授权动物卫生监督机构依法负责动物、动物产品的检疫工作和动物防疫监督管理执法工作,确立了动物卫生监督机构的执法地位。目前动物卫生监督机构执法的难点及对策如下:1主要问题     

奶牛日粮中添加棕榈酸钙对乳品质及乳钙含量的影响

选择36头产奶量相近且健康的中国荷斯坦牛,研究棕榈酸钙对乳品质和乳钙含量的影响.试验分为三组:A组为基础日粮;B组为基础日粮+200g棕榈酸钙;C组为基础日粮+400g棕榈酸钙.试验结果表明:(1)B组C组乳脂率分别比对照组提高6.3%、9.8%(P<0.05),乳中钙含量分别提高20.0%、16.3%(P<0.05);(2)A、B、C三组乳蛋白率差异不显著(P>0.05).     

Effects of dietary supplementation of emulsifier and carbohydrase on the growth performance,serum cholesterol and breast meat fatty acids profile of broiler chickens

A total of 540 2‐day‐old male Ross 308 broilers were used in a 35‐day experiment and were randomly divided into five treatments: (i) NC (low energy); (ii) PC (high energy diet); (iii) P1 (NC + 0.1% carbohydrases); (iv) P2 (NC + 0.05% emulsifier); and (v) P3 (NC + 0.1% carbohydrases + 0.05% emulsifier). From days 0 to 21, body weight gain in PC and P3 treatments increased (P < 0.05) compared with NC treatment. The chicks fed PC, P1, P2 and P3 improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio compared with the NC treatment throughout the whole experiment. Abdominal fat weight was heavier (P < 0.05) in PC, P2 and P3 treatments than in NC and P1 treatments. On day 35, serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were higher (P < 0.05) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower (P < 0.05) in NC and P2 treatments than in PC, P1 and P3 treatments. The concentration of oleic acid, linoleic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids were highest (P < 0.05) in PC than in the other treatments. In conclusion, the results indicate that low energy density diet had lower growth performance, while the inclusion of emulsifier and carbohydrases in low energy diets can partially improve growth performance.     

Improved development of somatic cell cloned bovine embryos by a mammary gland epithelia cells in vitro model

Previous studies have established a bovine mammary gland epithelia cells in vitro model by the adenovirus-mediated telomerase (hTERT-bMGEs). The present study was conducted to confirm whether hTERT-bMGEs were effective target cells to improve the efficiency of transgenic expression and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). To accomplish this, a mammary-specific vector encoding human lysozyme and green fluorescent protein was used to verify the transgenic efficiency of hTERT-bMGEs, and untreated bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (bMGEs) were used as a control group. The results showed that the hTERT-bMGEs group had much higher transgenic efficiency and protein expression than the bMGEs group. Furthermore, the nontransgenic and transgenic hTERT-bMGEs were used as donor cells to evaluate the efficiency of SCNT. There were no significant differences in rates of cleavage or blastocysts or hatched blastocysts of cloned embryos from nontransgenic hTERT-bMGEs at passage 18 and 28 groups (82.8% vs. 81.9%, 28.6% vs. 24.8%, 58.6% vs. 55.3%, respectively) and the transgenic group (80.8%, 26.5% and 53.4%); however, they were significantly higher than the bMGEs group (71.2%, 12.8% and 14.8%), (p < 0.05). We confirmed that hTERT-bMGEs could serve as effective target cells for improving development of somatic cell cloned cattle embryos.     

澳大利亚检疫犬应用模式对我国出入境检疫的启示

澳大利亚出入境检疫制度最先进,其检疫犬应用水平较高。本文旨在介绍澳大利亚检疫犬应用项目,了解其在检疫犬训练使用、应用模式、饲养管理等各方面的先进做法,并与我国检疫犬应用工作进行比较,为提升检疫犬管理使用水平提供参考和借鉴。     

季节放牧对典型草原植物群落不同生长季特征的影响

在内蒙古典型草原区建立放牧试验平台,研究秋季、冬季和初春放牧对草地植物返青期土壤温湿环境和植物生长以及生长旺季植物群落地上生物量及其构成的影响。结果表明:在草地返青季,秋季放牧草地表层土壤湿度相对于其他处理显著降低,而温度相对升高;土壤表层湿度与草地枯落物总量、立枯量呈显著正相关;秋季和冬季放牧显著降低草地返青期的地上生物量;秋季放牧显著降低优势植物地上生物量;而初春放牧不影响草地返青期的群落生物量。在生长旺季,初春放牧草地群落及其高大优势植物大针茅和羊草的生物量显著增加,而其下层的糙隐子草和杂类草生物量显著减少。     

城市绿地土壤肥力评价的未确知属性测度分析法

基于未确知数学理论和属性数学理论,研究了土壤肥力综合评价方法,建立了城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价及分级的未确知属性测度分析法。该方法首先需要确定城市绿地土壤肥力状况的评价指标及分类标准,以及土壤肥力状况级别组数;然后构建单指标的未确知属性测度函数,以计算单指标的未确知属性测度函数值和样本的综合未确知属性测度值;最后应用置信度准则对城市绿地土壤样本进行识别,以确定土壤样本肥力状况的级别属性。基于两个城市绿地土壤样本的模糊综合评价结果,以及13个城市绿地土壤样本的全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的评价结果进行了验证,本研究方法的评价结果与模糊综合评价法、全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的一致性分别为100%、84.62%、92.31%和100%。实例评价表明,采用该方法对城市绿地土壤肥力状况进行评价是可行的,为城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价提供了新的途径和方法。     

ELISA检测中出现假阴性探讨

本文应用酶免疫试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）、反向间接血凝试验（ＲＩＨＡ）和中和试验（ＮＴ）三种方法对６份疑似ＨＢＶ感染的待测血清进行测定，借此探讨ＥＬＩＳＡ检测中出现假阴性现象，认为假阴性是由检测前滞现象引起。     

脾虚山羊植物神经机能状态的观察

采用生化、放免、微电子技术等方法，观察了１３只实验性脾虚山羊的唾液淀粉酶的活力，血清ＡｃｈＥ的活性，尿中ＶＭＡ，ＥＧＧ，血浆中ｃＡＭＰ等项指标。结果表明，脾虚山羊的副交感神经机能偏亢，应激能力低，从交感神经中枢到外周再到靶细胞的功能都是处于低下状态。由此提示，山羊的脾虚是机体植物神经机能紊乱的综合征。