小麦穗发芽抗性的4个分子标记有效性检验

为筛选出适宜黄淮麦区和长江中下游麦区种植的抗穗发芽白粒小麦品种或种质资源,以36份黄淮麦区和长江中下游麦区的主要品种（系）及地方品种为研究对象,对已报道的4个与穗发芽抗性相关的分子标记：Vp1B3、Xgwm155、Xgwm269和Xbarc170进行有效性验证。测定参试材料种子萌发指数（GI）,并用上述4种标记进行PCR扩增,对扩增条带进行统计分析。结果表明,GI值显示,红粒品种（GI均值为5.1%）明显较白粒品种（GI均值为28.0%）低;4种标记扩增出的带型中仅Vp1B3的845 bp片段能有效地区分36份小麦品种(系);GI值筛选出6份抗穗发芽品种（系）中,其中3份为Vp1B3标记鉴定,可作为黄淮麦区和长江中下游麦区小麦穗发芽抗性育种中首选基因资源。     

白皮松组织培养研究

为建立高效的再生体系,以白皮松成熟胚,子叶为外植体,经过初代培养和继代增殖培养,研究了不同植物生长调节剂种类及浓度、活性炭、GA3在组培各阶段的作用。结果表明：适合子叶诱导芽的培养基为MS+6-BA 3 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+TDZ 0.01 mg/L,适合胚诱导芽的培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;适宜的继代培养基为MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L;以预处理胚（切除下胚轴）为外植体适宜生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.3 mg/L;活性炭对芽增殖无显著作用,随活性炭浓度提高增殖系数有下降趋势;适量的活性炭和GA3可有效促进芽伸长。     

德钦苜蓿品比试验报告

以阿尔冈金为对照品种,对德钦苜蓿进行了品种比较试验。结果表明：德钦苜蓿生育天数为233～246天。在3个试验点种植,越冬率平均为95.3%,与对照品种阿尔冈金（均值77.4%）差异显著（P<0.05）。德钦苜蓿和阿尔冈金三年3个试验点的平均株高分别为38.2 cm和27.1 cm,差异极显著（P<0.01）。其生长速度也与阿尔冈金差异极显著（P<0.01）。2004年三个试验点德钦苜蓿的茎叶比均显著低于阿尔冈金（P<0.05）,2005年、2006年均极显著低于阿尔冈金（P<0.01）。产量测定结果表明,三年各试验点德钦苜蓿鲜草、干草产量均极显著高于阿尔冈金（P<0.01）。营养成分分析表明,德钦苜蓿在初花期和盛花期粗干物质含量分别达25.73%和28.04%,蛋白含量分别达24.50%和19.41%,体外干物质消化率分别为68.03%和66.56%,其营养品质已经达到了1级水平。抗性分析表明,德钦苜蓿能较好地适应高温高湿环境,耐贫瘠。因而从引种的角度看,德钦苜蓿适应性强、高产、优质、适口性好,是一种值得在迪庆州推广种植的优良牧草。     

桃褐腐病菌激活蛋白对草莓幼苗防御酶酶活性的影响

激活蛋白是从多种病原真菌中分离出的一种蛋白激发子,为了解桃褐腐病菌激活蛋白对植物防御酶的诱导作用,本实验通过沸水浴、离心等方法,从桃褐腐病菌（Monilinia fructicola）菌丝体中分离出激活蛋白的粗提物,并喷雾到草莓幼苗的叶片上,测定了部分防御酶和病程相关蛋白的活性变化。结果表明：经桃褐腐病菌激活蛋白处理后,0-18h内草莓叶片的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性呈曲线增高的趋势,18h达到最高值,最高值比对照增加40.7%; 0-6h内草莓叶片过氧化物酶(POD) 和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性均呈急剧增高的趋势,6h达到最高值,其中POD活性比对照增加126.2%,PPO活性比对照增加62.9%。经激活蛋白处理后草莓叶片的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶活性也有增高的趋势。     

微生物菌肥对普陀樟、红楠2个树种苗木生长及养分状况的影响

为了增强海岛特色树种苗木抗逆性,提高海岛困难地造林成活率,以普陀樟、红楠容器苗为材料,研究不同菌肥及用量对苗木生长、生物量和养分状况的影响。结果表明：不同菌肥及用量通常对普陀樟生长和生物量的积累无明显作用,但可显著促进红楠的高、径生长和生物量的积累,其中应用40、60 g/盆百欧盖恩微生物菌肥,高、径生长量分别提高36.39%、33.76%和17.63%、15.40%,总生物量增加57.04%、56.50%,仅应用含N量较高的菌肥时明显抑制两者生长。菌肥的使用通常有利于促进N、P在普陀樟根、茎的积累,且能较大幅度地提升N、P、K在红楠植株各部位的积累,其中普陀樟应用20、40 g/盆百欧盖恩微生物菌肥,根上的N浓度分别增加13.87%、17.65%,茎、根上的P浓度分别增加13.39%、12.60%和27.29%、11.48%,含量的变化趋势与浓度基本一致;红楠应用40、60 g/盆百欧盖恩微生物菌肥,根上的N浓度分别增加10.53%、27.32%,P浓度分别大幅增加47.78%、70.82%,K浓度分别增加24.74%、35.99%,含量大幅上升。     

玉米抗逆基因ZmqLTG3-1的克隆及功能分析

以玉米自交系豫82为材料,同源克隆了与水稻q LTG3-1基因同源的玉米Zmq LTG3-1基因。序列分析发现,该基因c DNA序列全长606bp,开放阅读框441bp,编码包含147个氨基酸的蛋白。该蛋白含有AAI_LTSS超蛋白家族的LTP(含8个半胱氨酸)保守结构,分子量为14.16k Da,等电点是8.3,与高粱、水稻的相似度分别为92%和88%。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,Zmq LTG3-1在玉米胚中的表达量最高,其次是茎尖,在叶、根等器官中的表达量较低;随着胚萌发时间的延长,其表达量逐渐增加,在萌发24h时呈现最高丰度表达,之后表达丰度与萌发时间呈现规律性下降。亚细胞定位结果表明,该基因所编码的产物被定位在细胞膜上,是一跨膜蛋白。通过农杆菌介导的花序侵染法将过表达载体OE-Zmq LTG3-1和空载体p CAMBIA1304转入拟南芥,在诸如干旱、高温和盐等非生物胁迫下,与对照相比,T3转基因植株的成活率显著提高,说明Zmq LTG3-1基因对于抵抗非生物胁迫发挥了重要作用。     

水平荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩非线性分析

在综合分析现有水平荷载作用下桩基分析方法的基础上,建立了考虑桩侧土体受力状态的斜坡刚性桩力学模型;根据极限平衡原理,建立横向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩弯矩和应力平衡方程;引入考虑斜坡影响的p-y曲线方法,提出了综合考虑桩侧土体极限承载力与水平抗力系数沿深度呈线性增加的侧向极限承载力与土体抗力承载力系数计算方法,同时,将该方法应用于计算实例,通过与已有有限元和理论计算方法对比分析,计算结果验证了本文方法的合理性与可行性;并利用该方法,分析了斜坡坡角、桩土接触面系数以及地基水平抗力系数对斜坡刚性桩承载特性的影响因素。分析表明:斜坡的坡角、桩土接触面系数对侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的荷载位移曲线影响明显,而桩侧土的抗力系数对侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的荷载位移曲线影响不明显。     

宋式木构屋盖自重及材份制相似关系

依据宋代《营造法式》,设计了4种试验用宋式木构足尺及比例模型并确定了相应的屋盖形式;因屋面瓦和铺衬在雨雪天吸水而使屋盖重量加大,提出了考虑使用期和施工期不同工况计算屋盖重量;分析了《营造法式》中黄松与华北落叶松的关系,引入应县木塔柱轴力并与实际计算的屋盖重量对比,初步推定了《营造法式》中各材等间按照确定的相似准则在荷载效应上存在对应关系。结果可为计算宋式类似木构屋盖重量提供借鉴,为进一步探索材份制中的相似关系和木结构模型相似系数提供参考。     

Comprehensive assessment of growth traits and wood properties in half-sib <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus koraiensis</Emphasis> families

Rapid growth and high quality have always been important goals pursued for timber forests. Therefore, growth traits and wood properties are the basis of superior materials to select and breed new cultivars. In this study, 42 half-sib families of 31-year-old P. koraiensis trees were used as materials. Nine growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, volume, basal diameter, average annual growth of the tree height, under branch height, stem straightness degree, form quotient, and branching angle) and eight wood properties (cellulose contents, hemicellulose contents, holocellulose contents, lignin contents, ash contents, wood density, fiber length and fiber width) were measured and analyzed. The results of an analysis of variance showed that there were extremely significant differences among the families in their growth and wood properties with the exception of the form quotient and wood density; that there were significant differences among block by family for growth traits except for the tree height, basal diameter, under branch height and branching angle; and that there was no significant difference for each growth trait among the blocks. The phenotypic coefficient of variation and heritability of the growth traits ranged from 7.17 to 42.35% and from 0.13 to 0.62, respectively. The phenotypic coefficient of variation and heritability of the wood properties ranged from 10.21 to 50.26% and from 0.67 to 0.92, respectively. There were extremely significantly positive correlations between the tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, volume, under branch height, average annual growth of tree height and form quotient. However, there was no significant correlation between growth traits and wood properties. The result of the principal component analysis indicated that the tree height, diameter at breast height, volume, basal diameter, and cellulose contents, holocellulose contents, and lignin contents could be selected as comprehensive evaluation indices of growth and wood properties, respectively. According to a comprehensive evaluation, when the selection rate was 10%, four families (PK 40, PK 80, PK 42, and PK 71) were selected as elite families based on growth performance; another four families (PK 70, PK 62, PK 52, and PK 44) were selected as elite families based on their wood quality; and finally, four elite families (PK 70, PK 62, PK 61, and PK 40) were selected due to a combination of growth traits and wood properties. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of fast-growing and high-quality P. koraiensis families.     

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a semi-dwarf gene in a centromeric region in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Superior plant architecture is a key means of enhancing yield potential in high yielding varieties. A newly identified recessive gene, named sd-c, controls plant height and tiller number. Genetic analysis of an F₂ population from a cross between the semi-dwarf mutant and japonica cv. Houshengheng showed that the sd-c locus was flanked by SSR markers RM27877 and RM277 on chromosome 12. Thirty nine InDel markers were developed in the region and the sd-c gene was further mapped to a 1 cM centromeric region between InDel markers C11 and C12. These sequenced markers can be used to distinguish wild type and mutants and thus can be used in marker-assisted selection. The sd-c mutant decreases culm length by about 26% and doubles the tiller number without changing seed weight. Until now only sd-1 has been used in indica rice breeding programs. The sd-c mutant seems to have no undesirable pleiotropic effects and is therefore a potential genetic resource for breeding semi-dwarf indica rice cultivars.