Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

从进口冻鸡爪中检出鸡白痢沙门氏菌

2001年12月,南海某公司从美国进口一批冻鸡爪,我局按规定进行抽样检验,经细菌分离培养和生化试验,确定该批货物含鸡白痢沙门氏菌.     

从石柱高效生态蚕业模式看循环经济的效应

为了实施科教兴渝战略,推进重庆农业现代化和农业科技革命,更好地为地方经济建设服务,积极探索农业科学研究与科技成果转化,提高农产品科技含量,促进农业增效、农民增收,从而实现县域经济和社会的全面可持续发展,原西南农业大学与石柱县人民政府于2003年10月签订了"三峡库区石柱科技综合示范基地"合作协议.以一院一镇一部门"产学研"为载体,本着"全面推进、以点突破、长期坚持、做大做强"的原则,力争在山地农业、生态环境建设、水土保持、生物资源和自然资源的综合利用.农副产品深加工以及农业科技人才的培养、建立现代农业科技信息网络、健全县镇村科技服务体系等方面,进行科技综合应用与示范,把石柱建设成为三峡库区绿色生态经济强县.我们遵照县校合作精神,在2003年11月底与石柱县农办、农业局、蚕丝公司的领导、科技人员前往临溪、马武、南宾、大穴等镇乡村社进行实地考察交流,就石柱蚕业发展达成了共识.     

食盐助溶剂对解脂假丝酵母神经酰胺含量的影响

用食盐作为助溶剂采用细胞自溶法,对解脂假丝酵母33M candida lipolytica细胞壁进行破碎后提取神经酰胺,用SPE（固相萃取法）将神经酰胺与膜中其它脂类分离,分别应用TLC（薄层色谱）方法和HPLC-ELSD（高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射器）对其进行定性和定量分析,取得了良好效果。     

猪繁殖障碍性主要传染病的血清流行病学研究

对采自云南省楚雄州10县市22个规模猪场及107户农户的803份猪血清、642份临床无异常的种猪抗凝全血、84头繁殖障碍母猪血清及4头乳猪脏器,应用胶乳凝集试验(LAT)、猪伪狂犬病gE抗体鉴别酶联免疫吸咐试验(ELISA)、多方法酶联免疫吸咐试验、虎红平板凝集试验及试管凝集试验、间接血凝试验(HIA)、细菌学检验、流行病学调查等方法,对PR、PPV、PRRS、PCV-2、CSF、JE、布病、衣原体病共8种病同步进行血清学(猪瘟病原学)调查,结果感染率分别为30.39%、21.05%、3.11%、59.40%、1.71%、24.53%、0.25%和10.71%。流行病学调查结果,繁殖障碍发病场占调查场的68.18%,各场母猪繁殖障碍发病率在75.00%-0之间,农户散养母猪在20.00%-0之间。     

澳大利亚的动物健康维护体系

澳大利亚是畜牧业大国,也是世界上牲畜保健工作做得最好的国家之一,迄今尚未发生疯牛病等牲畜传染病.虽然地理条件有利于澳大利亚免受动物传染病的影响,但更重要的是,澳大利亚有一套完整的动物健康维护体系,这一体系是该国动物健康状况良好的根本保障,也是兽疫防控最根本的机制.……     

汕头市猪场猪瘟和猪禽流感血清学监测报告

为了了解和掌握我市猪场的猪瘟免疫情况及感染高致病性禽流感疫病的可能性，我所分别于2005年2月和4月两次对全市范围内各类型的养猪场免疫猪瘟的猪只采集血清941份，进行猪瘟血清抗体监测和猪高致病性禽流感疫情血清学监测。现将监测结果报告如下。     

人参三醇组皂苷对大鼠急性坐骨神经损伤修复相关蛋白表达的影响

研究人参三醇组皂苷(PTS)对大鼠坐骨神经急性损伤蛋白表达的影响。建立大鼠坐骨神经挤压损伤模型,随机分为PTS组,模型对照组及空白对照组,每组各10只大鼠;各组均经腹腔注射给药,PTS组损伤后注射PTS;模型对照组,损伤后注射同剂量生理盐水;空白对照组,不损伤坐骨神经,注射同剂量生理盐水。坐骨神经损伤术后30d,免疫荧光化学染色检测PTS对损伤侧坐骨神经神经丝蛋白(NF-M)、微管相关蛋白-2(MAP-2)、生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)表达的影响,观察PTS对损伤侧神经的影响。大鼠损伤侧坐骨神经NF-M、MAP-2、GAP-43平均光密度表达(9.66±0.99、12.43±1.44、0.344±0.040)与模型对照组(8.21±1.25、11.90±1.14、0.278±0.042)比较有极显著性差异(P0.01)。PTS可促进坐骨神经损伤大鼠NF-M,MAP-2,GAP-43的表达。     

Surveillance of Parapoxvirus Among Ruminants in Virginia and Connecticut

In 2008, two deer hunters in Virginia and Connecticut were infected with a unique strain of pseudocowpox virus, a parapoxvirus. To estimate the prevalence of this virus, and in an attempt to define the reservoir, Parapoxvirus surveillance was undertaken between November 2009 and January 2010. 125 samples from four ruminant species (cows, goat, sheep and white‐tailed deer) were collected in Virginia, and nine samples from white‐tailed deer were collected in Connecticut. We found no evidence that the parapoxvirus species that infected the deer hunters is circulating among domesticated ruminants or white‐tailed deer. However, parapoxvirus DNA of a different parapoxvirus species, bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), was detected in 31 samples obtained from asymptomatic cattle in Virginia. Parapoxvirus DNA–positive cattle originated from the same counties indicating probable transmission among animals. Molecular analysis identified BPSV as the parapoxvirus affecting animals. Asymptomatic parapoxvirus infections in livestock, particularly young animals, may be common, and further investigation will inform our knowledge of virus transmission.