病羊临床诊断中的消化系统检查

对羊只的系统检查是患病羊临床诊断的重要组成部分,消化系统检查是临床检查中最常见的检查。临床实践中,要特别注意对病羊的采食饮水、反刍嗳气以及各消化器官进行认真细致、有针对性的检查。     

猪瘟病毒C株检测用国家核酸标准物质的研制

为研制均匀、稳定的猪瘟病毒（CSFV）核酸标准物质,选择CSFV C株接种于PK-15细胞并收获病毒液,然后经过病毒灭活、分装、冻干,最终形成核酸标准物质。用微滴式数字PCR对制备的CSFV标准物质进行均匀性和稳定性评估、标准物质合作定值,在评定不确定度后计算得出最终量值结果,并开展临床试用。结果显示,该标准物质均匀,4 ℃条件下可稳定存放4周,25 ℃可稳定存放1周,-20 ℃可稳定存放11个月,量值结果为（5.1±0.7）×105 copies/mg;临床试用显示,所制备的标准物质与临床样本的互通性良好。本研究制备的CSFV C株国家核酸标准物质均一性良好、稳定、量值准确度高,并通过了全国标准物质管理委员会评定,可用于动物及动物产品质量安全检测,从而有效保障猪瘟防治工作的开展。     

黄土丘陵区草本群落生物量空间分布格局及其影响因素

草地是干旱半干旱地区黄土高原植被组成的主体,而草本植物作为草地生态系统的优势群落,在黄土高原恢复植被和水土保持建设方面存在着不可替代的优势。因此本试验选取黄土丘陵区不同纬度下的草本群落为研究对象,分析草本群落地上、地下生物量的空间分布特征及其影响因素,同时并验证等速生长关系,以期为黄土丘陵区恢复植被、改善生态建设方面提供理论指导。结果表明:(1)在纬度梯度35.95°~38.36° N变化范围内,黄土丘陵区不同植被带草本群落地上生物量变化范围为54.60~204.32 g·m^-2,平均值156.968 g·m^-2,变异系数为27.83%;地下生物量变化范围为78.88~829.64 g·m^-2,平均值469.21 g·m^-2,变异系数为48.87%;草本群落地下/地上生物量变化范围为 0.93~4.49,平均值2.89,变异系数为39.18%。草本群落生物量(地下、地上)大小顺序均为:森林-草原带>草原带>森林带>草原-荒漠带,且地上、地下生物量随纬度梯度变化规律均呈现出“先增加后减少”的单峰型变化趋势。(2)草本群落地下与地上生物量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),决定系数达到0.59,且符合等速生长关系。(3)草本群落地下生物量与年均降水、年均温、土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量之间均呈显著相关。气候因子和土壤理化性质对地下生物量都具有重要影响作用,其影响机理还需进一步结合植物生物学和生理生态方面的综合研究才能做出准确结论。     

蜂胶高生物活性黄酮组分的研究

本文探讨了蜂胶总黄酮中最具活性的黄酮类物质的提取分离、官能结构特征与功能关系、可能的功效,进而提出了如何看待蜂胶总黄酮含量高低的问题.     

Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma gene in various chicken tissues

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the members of superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. A great number of studies in rodent and human have shown that PPARs were involved in the lipids metabolism. The goal of the current study was to investigate the expression pattern of PPAR genes in various tissues of chicken. The tissue samples (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, brain, breast muscle and adipose) were collected from six Arber Acres broilers (8 weeks old, male and female birds are half and half). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blot were used to characterize the expression of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma genes in the above tissues. By semi-quantitative RT-PCR, the results showed the expression level of PPAR-alpha gene was higher in brain, lung, kidney, heart and intestine, medium in stomach, liver and adipose than in spleen, and it did not express in breast muscle. The expression level of PPAR-gamma gene was higher in adipose, medium in brain and kidney than in spleen, heart, lung, stomach and intestine, but it did not express in liver and breast muscle. Northern blot results showed that PPAR-alpha gene expressed in heart, liver, kidney and stomach, and the intensity of hybridization signal was the stronger in liver and kidney than in other tissues, however, PPAR-gamma gene only expressed in adipose and kidney tissues. The results of this study showed the profile of PPAR gene expression in the chicken was similar to that in rodent, human and pig. However the expression profile of chicken also have its own specific trait, i.e. compared with mammals, PPAR-alpha gene can not be detected in skeletal muscle and PPAR-gamma gene can be stronger expressed in kidney tissues. This work will provide some basic data for the PPAR genes expression and lipids metabolism of birds.     

全混合日粮在生产实践中使用的条件与方法

全混合日粮(TMR)是现代奶牛场普遍采用的饲喂技术。本文就目前我国奶牛养殖场(户)使用TMR日粮应具备的条件及使用方法进行介绍。     

一例黄鳝嗜水气单胞菌病的药敏试验

嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)属于弧菌科、气单胞菌属,普遍存在于淡水、污水、淤泥、土壤和人类粪便中,部分致病株对人和动物有致病性。本试验从2010年某淡水养殖场的发病黄鳝中分离出嗜水气单胞菌,并经过常规细菌学鉴定和双重PCR鉴定确定为携带气溶素基因的强毒菌株,而且经过黄鳝和小鼠回归试验进一步确认该病由强毒菌株嗜水气单胞菌引起,并根据药敏试验成功控制病情。     

Separating component parts of soil respiration under <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> plantation in the Taihang Mountains,China

Partitioning the respiratory components of soil surface CO₂ efflux is important in understanding carbon turnover and in identifying the soil carbon sink/source function in response to land-use change. The sensitivities of soil respiration components on changing climate patterns are currently not fully understood. We used trench and isotopic methods to separate total soil respiration into autotrophic (R _A ) and heterotrophic components (R _H ). This study was undertaken on a Robinia pseudoacacia L. plantation in the southern Taihang Mountains, China. The fractionation of soil ¹³CO₂ was analyzed by comparing the δ¹³C of soil CO₂ extracted from buried steel tubes with results from Gas Vapor Probe Kits at a depth of 50 cm at the preliminary test (2.03‰). The results showed that the contribution of autotrophic respiration (fR _A ) increased with increasing soil depth. The contribution of heterotrophic respiration (fR _H ) declined with increasing soil depth. The contribution of autotrophic respiration was similar whether estimated by the trench method (fR _A , 23.50%) or by the isotopic method in which a difference in value of ¹³C between soil and plant prevailed in the natural state (RC, 21.03%). The experimental error produced by the trench method was insignificant as compared with that produced by the isotopic method, providing a technical basis for further investigations.     

山东省沂南县动物强制免疫“先打后补”现状分析

2021年,沂南县推进动物疫病强制免疫“先打后补”工作,依托“鲁牧云”信息平台,通过强化组织领导,加强政策宣贯,强化人员培训,放开强免疫苗经营渠道,提供抗体检测无偿服务等措施,提升了养殖场户“先打后补”的积极性、自主性、灵活性,强化了养殖场户动物防疫主体责任,满足了养殖场户疫苗多样化需求。但由于 “先打后补”补助金额少、社会化服务不规范、基层动物防疫体系弱化、缺少配套工作经费等原因,部分养殖场户实施“先打后补”的积极性不高。建议通过规范社会化服务组织,强化培训水平,提高补助标准,强化三级（县乡村）基础设施建设,升级“鲁牧云”等措施,确保“先打后补”政策惠及更多养殖场户。