黄颡鱼毒棘结构研究

黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）是较为典型的淡水刺毒鱼类,本研究结合宏观毒棘骨骼标本制作和微观组织切片等方法,深入探究黄颡鱼的毒棘结构。研究结果表明,黄颡鱼的胸鳍和背鳍均具有尖锐的倒刺棘骨,棘骨外包围着皮膜,皮膜拥有能分泌毒液的毒腺细胞,它们共同组成了黄颡鱼毒棘装置。毒棘骨骼宏观结构表明,黄颡鱼的背鳍和胸鳍毒棘均具有贯穿全棘骨的中央管和包围棘骨的皮膜;背鳍棘骨细长、锥形,且轻微拱起,顶部骤尖,后缘为弱锯齿;胸鳍棘骨前后缘均有锯齿,但后缘为强锯齿。背鳍和胸鳍毒棘基部结构的髁突形状、大小、位置全然不同。微观结构显示,皮膜中的毒腺细胞聚集成层,位于鳞状上皮与色素层之间,未见导管与之相连,背鳍和胸鳍毒棘的分支性骨管中均未发现毒腺细胞。胸鳍和背鳍锁紧装置可让毒棘保持倒伏或者直立的锁定状态,降低猎物挣脱几率。本研究可深入了解黄颡鱼的毒棘结构和特征,增强人们对刺毒鱼类的认知,同时为淡水刺毒鱼类深入研究奠定基础。     

北方无公害优质水稻栽培管理技术

承德市具有良好的无公害水稻自然环境和区位优势,通过选用优质、高产、高抗品种,在整个水稻生长过程中实行规范化栽培技术管理,可提供无公害、优质、水稻产品。     

Mitochondrial Genome Architecture and Evolutionary Origin of the Yao Silkworm,a Living Fossil of the Domestic Silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

The Yao silkworm is a unique silkworm resource producing yellow flat plate silk that has only been reared by the Baiku Yao ethnic group in Nandan County, Guangxi Province, China for a thousand years. Here, we report the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of five Yao silkworm strains and 10 local Guangxi strains of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), and use the resulting mitogenomes and the available Bombyx mitogenomes to characterize their genome architecture and trace the evolutionary origin of the Yao silkworm. The five Yao silkworm mitogenomes exhibited genome architectures identical to typical set of 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs) and a high level of genome sequence similarity with the domestic silkworm. Mitogenome-based phylogenetic reconstruction provided solid evidence that the Yao silkworm shares a common ancestor with the domestic silkworm. Sliding window analysis uncovered a distinct variation pattern in the mitogenome between the Yao silkworm and the other domestic silkworm strains. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a basal placement of the Yao silkworm among all available domestic silkworm strains, indicating that the Yao silkworm is an ancient population of the domestic silkworm. Our data indicated that the Yao silkworm (B. mori) is a lineage of the domestic silkworm, which for the first time provides insights into the origin of the Yao silkworm.     

Effect of Chilling Stress on Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes,Osmotic Adjustment Substances and Membrane Lipid Peroxide Levels in Two White Clover Cultivars

Although white clover has been widely studied and applied, less is known about its physiological responses to chilling stress in northern China. The effects of acclimation time of chilling stress in the two white clover cultivars, Rivendel and Haifa, after exposure to 4℃ for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h were investigated. Seven physiological indexes were measured in shoots of the two cultivars. It was found that Rivendel had a strong ability to maintain the stability of cells, cope with oxidative damage and accumulate osmotic adjustment substances compared with Haifa. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation on the chilling tolerance of the two cultivars based on subordinate function value analysis showed a stronger chilling tolerance of Rivendel than Haifa.     

播娘蒿油酸脱氢酶基因(DsFAD6)的克隆和表达分析

采用RACE-PCR的技术克隆了播娘蒿的油酸脱氢酶基因(DsFAD6),它是催化油酸转化为亚油酸的一个关键酶基因.DsFAD6 cDNA全长序列的开放阅读框长1 344 bp,编码一个由447个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,推测的蛋白质相对分子质量为51.16 kD,等电点为9.27.序列分析表明DsFAD6的氨基酸序列具有3个高度保守的组氨酸盒子,该结构在去饱和酶中是高度保守的,且在N端预测到信号肽,初步认定该酶定位于质体.序列比对和系统发生分析显示DsFAD6与十字花科植物FAD6基因具有较高一致性.RT-PCR分析表明,DsFAD6在根、茎、叶、花蕾、花及幼嫩角果中均表达,但在茎、叶和幼嫩角果中表达较高.胁迫诱导表达中,DsFAD6在播娘蒿叶片中表达明显受伤害胁迫诱导,但在冷胁迫下呈负相关.     

分子标记辅助选育小麦抗白粉病、优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基聚合体

现代小麦育种的目标是选育丰产、综合抗逆性好的优质小麦新品种,将分子标记技术与传统育种方法相结合可以大大提高育种效率.本研究利用与小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21紧密连锁的共显性PCR标记、以及优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1Dx5 1Dy10特异的PCR标记对以小麦品种安农94212、安农92484为优质亲本和以抗白粉病小麦簇毛麦易位系为抗病亲本的杂交高代材料进行标记位点的检测,结合田间抗病性鉴定结果,筛选、培育出聚合有Pm21和1Dx5 1Dy10的抗白粉病小麦聚合体,为小麦抗病、优质育种提供了具有重要利用价值的中间材料.     

棉花SSR多重PCR技术的初步研究和利用

简单重复序列(simple sequences repeat,SSR)具有数量丰富、高度多态、共显性等优点,是一种极具实用价值的标记,目前已成为研究种质资源遗传多样性、基因组作图的首选标记.SSR多重PCR扩增法可同时完成多个标记检测,具有高效、经济、快捷的特点,并保持了单一SSR引物扩增的高度敏感性和准确性.本文选取6对SSR引物,配成三组SSR两重PCR反应,并设置五种不同反应体系以探索PCR反应体系对其影响,以单一引物PCR扩增为对照,对用于构建亚洲棉(Gossypium arboreum)遗传图谱所用的亲本、F1及F2群体单株的DNA模板进行多重PCR探索、分析;另外,在扩增产物的电泳检测时,结合银染技术,试验了单一引物PCR扩增产物在同一泳道同时上样和先后分时上样的两重检测的方法,以期对这种方法进行多态性位点检测的效果进行评价.结果表明,即使采用与单一引物PCR相同的反应体系,两重PCR扩增也可获得与之相同的多态性产物;而两重检测法的结果亦显示出与相应的单引物检测到的相应的多态性位点,能准确反映单引物所能达到的检测效果,因而为SSR的多重PCR和扩增后多重检测的技术在高效的遗传图谱构建工作中进一步应用提供实验依据.     

黄土丘陵区丰水年产流产沙特征分析

设置标准径流小区进行长期定位监测,探讨天然降雨条件下,流域内不同土地利用方式对坡面产流产沙的影响,以期为该流域土地利用规划、水土流失综合治理、生态环境改善提供理论依据.基于汾河上游阳坡小流域内2种坡度、6种不同土地利用方式的8个径流小区,开展自然降雨观测、径流泥沙观测.结果表明:(1)试验期降雨超过多年同期平均雨量,属...     

High-Quality de novo Genome Assembly of Huajingxian 74, a Receptor Parent of Single Segment Substitution Lines

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is grown nearly worldwide and provides the staple food for more than half of the global population(Luo et al,2017).The genomes of several cultivated rice varieties including Nipponbare(NPB)(Kawahara et al,2013;Sakai et al,2013),IR64(Tanaka et al,2020),93-11(Zhang et al,2018)and R498(Du et al,2017)at chromosome level,and Minghui 63 and Zhenshan 97(Zhang et al,2016)at scaffold level have been assembled,annotated and released,among which the R498 and NPB genomes are widely used as reference genomes in rice research.However,there are thousands of rice cultivars,landraces and wild rice varieties in the world with dramatically different genetic backgrounds,and the genomes of native rice varieties in South China,which is one of the major rice production areas in China,have not been de novo assembled.Huajingxian 74(HJX74)is an indica rice variety bred in South China Agricultural University,Guangdong Province with widely environmental adaptability and high yield(www.ricedata.cn/variety/varis/602548.htm).HJX74 exhibits significant phenotypic and genetic differences from those varieties whose whole genomes have been properly sequenced and assembled(Fig.1).