对高校培养造就创新型人才的思考

实施素质教育,提高学生综合能力,是高等院校教学改革的重点,是实现高等教育又好又快发展的关键..文章深入分析了我国高等教育所面临的形势,研究指出加强队伍建设、加强教材和课程建设、改革教学方式和手段为当前高等教育教学改革进一步努力的方向和重点。     

对农村住房现状的调查研究及分析——以雅安为例

为指导新农村住房建设,对雅安7县1区农民住房的问卷调查和实地调查,包括住房面积、结构、形式、材料、层数、设计的方式、住房成本、现有住房满意度等,分析了当地农村住房的现状以及存在的问题,探讨了存在问题的原因。提出走社会主义新农村的新型住房之路,即向着节约节能、设计合理、住房美观、功能明确、安全舒适、满足不同人群需要的新型住房方向发展。提倡和谐住房,住房与环境、人与住房走可持续发展之路。     

辐射制冷技术浅圆仓控温试验研究

将辐射制冷材料粘贴或涂刷于浅圆仓仓顶和外壁,试验表明:试验仓比对照仓仓顶外表面平均温度低4.3℃,最高值低26.1℃;平均仓温低2.8℃,最高值低5.6℃;平均粮面温度低2.4℃,最高值低4.7℃。试验表明,辐射制冷材料应用于浅圆仓具有显著的降温效果,新型辐射制冷技术产业化的突破为粮食仓储行业实现更高质量的仓储环境提供了新材料,为实现浅圆仓的准低温储粮提供了新的参考方法。     

Two perennial legumes (Astragalus adsurgens Pall. and Lespedeza davurica S.) adapted to semiarid environments are not as productive as lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), but use less water

Perennial forage legumes, particularly lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), play a significant role in crop/livestock mixed farming systems in the semiarid region of the Loess Plateau of China as stock feed and a source of nitrogen for subsequent crops. However, there is evidence that lucerne reduces soil water deep in the soil profile, thereby reducing subsequent crop productivity. From 2004 to 2010, this study evaluated the forage productivity and water use of two locally adapted perennial legume species, milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) and bush clover (Lespedeza davurica S.), compared with lucerne. The 7‐year total and average annual forage yield of milk vetch were 56 and 8 t ha^?1 and bush clover was 42 and 6 t ha^?1, respectively, significantly lower than lucerne at 91 and 13 t ha^?1. However, despite lower water‐use efficiencies (16 and 12 kg ha^?1 mm^?1 for milk vetch and bush clover, respectively, compared to 22 kg ha^?1 mm^?1 for lucerne), the total 7‐year water use in milk vetch and bush clover was 3500 mm and 3490 mm, respectively, which was 135–140 mm less than lucerne. After 7 years, lucerne had extracted water from the upper 5 m soil, whereas bush clover used water mainly from the upper 2 m of the soil profile and milk vetch still had some water available below 3 m. We conclude that while the locally adapted forage legumes were not as productive as lucerne as a source of fodder in mixed cropping/livestock system in this region, they use less water, which may be advantageous in drier regions.     

苎麻蝙蛾发生规律的研究

苎麻蝙蛾（Phassus jianglingensis Zeng et Zhao）是近几年来严重为害苎麻蔸部的一种新害虫。它以幼虫蛀食苎麻地下茎,形成隧道,严重影响地上部分的生长;研究表明该虫在湖南年发生一代,以幼虫在地下茎的隧道中越冬;翌年4月中旬化蛹,蛹期25天左右;5月上旬羽化,成虫寿命6-10天,无趋光性,白天停歇,晚间也很少活动,无需补充营养。6月上中旬出现新一代幼虫,幼虫期可长达320天,有相互残杀的习性。     

城市林业的研究现状与发展

简述城市林业的兴起与发展、概念与范围,以及城市林业的效益和国内外在城市林业方面的研究现状,论述我国城市林业的发展趋势。     

坡面林地土壤流失系统动力学模型研究

根据土壤保持原理和系统工程理论及方法，在研究地区坡面林地土壤流失监测资料研究基础上，建立了坡面林地土壤流失系统动力学模型，利用计算机技术，依据系统内各因子行为模拟土壤流失系统状态。该模型可用于长江三峡地区花岗岩坡面不同林地的土壤流失过程、土壤水分下渗和地表径流过程模拟。一般情况下土壤流失量预测相差在５％以下。     

Metabolites from Aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus associated with Melia azedarach, and their antifungal, antifeedant, and toxic activities

Thirty-nine fungal metabolites 1-39, including two new alkaloids, 12β-hydroxy-13α-methoxyverruculogen TR-2 (6) and 3-hydroxyfumiquinazoline A (16), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus fumigatus LN-4, an endophytic fungus isolated from the stem bark of Melia azedarach. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis (mass spectrometry and one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments) and by comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature. These isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activities against some phytopathogenic fungi, toxicity against brine shrimps, and antifeedant activities against armyworm larvae (Mythimna separata Walker). Among them, sixteen compounds showed potent antifungal activities against phytopathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, and Gibberella saubinettii), and four of them, 12β-hydroxy-13α-methoxyverruculogen TR-2 (6), fumitremorgin B (7), verruculogen (8), and helvolic acid (39), exhibited antifungal activities with MIC values of 6.25-50 μg/mL, which were comparable to the two positive controls carbendazim and hymexazol. In addition, of eighteen that exerted moderate lethality toward brine shrimps, compounds 7 and 8 both showed significant toxicities with median lethal concentration (LC(50)) values of 13.6 and 15.8 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, among nine metabolites that were found to possess antifeedant activity against armyworm larvae, compounds 7 and 8 gave the best activity with antifeedant indexes (AFI) of 50.0% and 55.0%, respectively. Structure-activity relationships of the metabolites were also discussed.     

线性最小均方误差的比率估计

本文对有限总体的总体均值提出了一个模型无偏的线性最小均方误差估计,并给出了这个均方误差的一个无偏估计。     

内蒙古草原针茅属六种植物的花粉形态研究

作者对内蒙古天然草原六种针茅属植物的花粉粒进行扫描电子显微镜观察，发现在花粉粒大小，萌发孔直径，颗粒状纹饰的粗细及孔环特征等性状方面均有显著差异。