建立农产品质量安全追溯制度势在必行

综述了建立农产品质量安全追溯制度的必要性及建立质量安全追溯制度所采取的措施。     

旅游地生命周期理论指导下的乡村旅游开发策略

通过对旅游地生命周期演化阶段模型、阶段特点进行分析,总结归纳对旅游地生命周期造成影响的相关因素,根据这些理论对乡村旅游的开发建设进行指导,提出三种乡村旅游的开发方式。     

QTL identification of kernel composition traits with popcorn using both F2:3 and BC2F2 populations developed from the same cross

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing three main kernel composition traits, starch, protein and oil concentrations, in unselected F_2:3 and selected BC₂F₂ maize populations derived from the same cross of a dent corn inbred Dan232 × an elite popcorn inbred N04 under the same conditions were detected. Four and two QTL for starch, four and three QTL for protein, and four and one QTL for oil were detected in the two populations, respectively, with three QTL jointly detected. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by a single QTL was 5.2–10.6%, 5.0–14.3%, and 6.2–8.5% for the three traits. Ten QTL had favorable alleles contributed by Dan232. Several QTL detected in this study had identical or similar chromosome regions to those previously identified with other maize germplasms. No QTL with opposite effects for kernel composition traits and popping characteristics were detected in the same or near marker intervals. This reflected that some QTL detected in this study seemed to contribute to trait variation in a diverse array of maize populations and environments, and the opportunity existed for improving popcorn's nutritional quality while maintaining acceptable popping characteristics. Inconsistent broad sense heritability and trait correlation estimates were also observed in the two populations.     

Sargachromenol Isolated from Sargassum horneri Attenuates Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Cell Death and Oxidative Stress through Inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB and Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

Oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell loss is considered to be the major mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, which could be induced by a high concentration of glutamate. In this study, sargachromenol (SC) was isolated from a marine brown seaweed Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) and its neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells were investigated. An MTT assay was applied to assess the cytotoxicity of the SC, and the efficacies of SC were determined by flow cytometry, an analysis of ROS production, quantitative Real-Time PCR, and the Western blot assay. Our results showed that the pretreatment of SC reduced glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells via inhibiting the sub-G₁ population, DNA fragmentation, and nuclear condensation, as well as up-regulating anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and down-regulating apoptotic proteins (Bax, p53, cleaved-PARP, caspase-3, caspase-9, and cytochrome c). Additionally, SC attenuated glutamate-induced oxidative stress by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs;ERK, JNK, and p38) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling (IκBα and NF-κB p65), while activating nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling (Nrf2; HO-1, and NQO-1). Our results suggest that SC could be used as a pharmacological candidate for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.     

小麦条锈病菌(Puccinia striiformis West.)夏孢子一次传播的空间分布

通过田间试验,研究了小麦条锈病中心病株上夏孢子在风向不变的一段时间内,气流传播的二维空间分布。优用模型 E=exp(A—BD~n)拟合叶面孢子着落量(Z)随距离(D)增加而递减。在试验条件下,以 n=1拟合最好。建立了 A 因初始菌量(S)和平均风速(W)、B 因平均风速而变的预测模型。根据田间病情分布形状推断,孢子的二维分布形状近似椭园形,并可假设抱子与风向垂直的横向分布为正态分布。孢子横向扩散程度受大气稳定度和初始菌量的影响,用椭园率(E)描述孢子的横向扩散程度,用初始菌量和平均风速建立了估计离心率的模型。采用正态分布密度函数与梯度模型 y=A-BD~n[y=Ln(Z)]组建了孢子密度二维空间分布的模型。     

创办“小蚕公司”初见成效

随着农村产业化结构的调整,越来越多的农民走出了土地的圈子,离土离乡进城务工经商,导致农村养蚕劳力老年化、妇女化、文化素质低下,蚕桑技术的接受能力较弱,小蚕饲养水平低,严重影响蚕桑生产效益.为提高小蚕饲养水平,适应农村形势发展,我乡在县茧丝绸公司的支持、帮助下,于2001年春蚕期在联欢、曹家创办了两家小蚕公司,公司以饲养小蚕、出售小蚕解决农村养蚕实际问题为目的,进行小蚕专业化饲养,打破传统的养蚕方法,推行十天养蚕法,在饲养模式上进行一项改革.现将有关饲养情况通报如下.     

多目标决策在长防林建设中的应用及体系结构优化

运用多目标线性规划的方法,以定量分析为核心,以生态、经济、社会效益最大为目标,建立起衡阳县长防林体系林种、树种、林分结构优化的数学模型,调整了林种、树种、林分结构,为该县林业发展规划提供了科学依据。