白枕鹤精液冷冻技术的研究

白枕鹤（ＧＲＵＳＶ　ＩＰＩＯ）羽毛青灰，红面，体型健美优雅，具有很高的观赏价值，已被国家列为二级保护动物。对白枕鹤类的人工授精、孵化、育雏以及冷冻精液技术的研究，可促进人工饲养条件下鹤类的增殖和种群的繁衍。本研究采用Ｂｅｌｔｓｖｉｌｌｅ稀释液做为基础液，４—６％ＤＭＳＯ做为冷冻保护剂，按常规冷冻法冻精配种受胎率达４０％，此项研究填补了我国在鹤类精液冷冻技术方面的空白。     

四个家鸡群体血液蛋白质多态性分析

本实验采用醋酸纤维薄膜电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法测定了新兴黄鸡，矮脚鸡，竹丝鸡，粤黄鸡麻羽系血液蛋白质多态性，观察了以上群体多态性血液蛋白质基因频率的区别，根据基因频率计算出４个群体的平均杂合度，用主分量分析方法对它们之间的区别与联系进行了研究。主要分析表明竹丝鸡与新兴黄鸡的关系相对新兴鸡与矮脚鸡，竹丝鸡与矮脚鸡之间的关系更为疏远：矮脚鸡则与粤黄鸡麻羽系关系密切。     

齐卡肉兔配套品系的引种试验

对引入青海省西宁地区的齐卡肉兔进行了纯种扩群，并测定了它们的生长发育指标和繁殖性能，结果表明，齐卡肉兔在西宁地区表现出了良好的适应性。     

洪涝灾害对湖北省黄冈市动物疫病防控的影响及应对策略

2016年入汛后,长江流域出现大范围持续性强降雨,多地遭受严重的洪涝灾害。湖北省黄冈市作为此次降雨的重灾区,畜牧业受损较重。本文结合黄冈市畜牧养殖的具体受灾情况,阐述了洪灾对动物检疫工作带来的影响,并且提出了加强饲养管理、禽畜免疫、疫情监测、检疫监管,以及加快畜牧养殖的规模化和现代化,建立完善的自然灾害应对预案等建议。     

口蹄疫基因工程疫苗不同佐剂水相配比优化研究

[目的]选择一种适合口蹄疫基因工程疫苗生产的佐剂。[方法 ]通过ISA 206和ISA201 VG油佐剂乳化后物理性状检验,参照现有口蹄疫灭活疫苗乳化工艺,选用ISA 206和ISA201 VG油佐剂,分别用4.6:5.4、1:1、5.4:4.6的水相和油相比例进行乳化,制备疫苗,于2~8℃保存15个月,分别于第3、6、9、12、15个月取样,进行疫苗物理性状检验。[结果 ]ISA201VG佐剂疫苗物理性状好于ISA 206油佐剂;疫苗水相和油相最佳配制比例为1:1;疫苗的外观、剂型、稳定性和黏度均符合产品的质量要求。[结论 ]ISA201VG佐剂可以作为口蹄疫基因工程疫苗佐剂使用。     

微生物肥料对青梗花椰菜生长和土壤微生物特性的影响

以微生物肥料不同施用方式[A(不施肥,CK);B(施微生物肥料);C(70%化肥+微生物肥料);D(100%化肥)]进行田间试验,研究其对青梗花椰菜(Brassica oleracea)生物指标和土壤微生物学指标的影响,为寻找合理的施肥方案提供理论依据。结果表明,与CK相比,处理B、C、D可不同程度地提高青梗花椰菜株高、茎粗、叶片数等生物指标和土壤微生物学指标。不同处理下土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量均随土层的加深而降低。不同施肥处理下微生物数量表现为细菌放线菌真菌。其中,处理C效果最佳,与处理D相比,青梗花椰菜株高、茎粗、叶片数、地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重、地下干重、细菌数量、放线菌数量、微生物总数、土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤微生物生物量氮和土壤微生物生物量磷分别增加了6.82%、11.53%、11.76%、9.68%、33.33%、62.5%、33.33%、34.04%~37.61%、8.42%~15.87%、32.53%~33.86%、13.56%~18.6%、3.99%、12.81%~17.99%,真菌数量减少了26.23%~32.89%。不同施肥处理下土壤微生物生物量与微生物数量存在一定程度的正相关关系。因此,70%化肥+微生物肥料对青梗花椰菜生长具有良好的促进效果。     

黄土高原不同粮草种植模式土壤碳氮及土壤酶活性

通过在陇中黄土高原半干旱区对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)-作物轮作地进行长期定位试验,探讨不同种植模式对土壤碳氮形态及其相关酶活性的影响。6种种植模式分别为苜蓿-苜蓿、苜蓿-休闲、苜蓿-小麦(Triticum aestivum)、苜蓿-玉米(Zea mays)、苜蓿-马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)和苜蓿-谷子(Setaria italica)。结果表明,苜蓿-作物种植模式不利于土壤总有机碳的积累,而苜蓿翻耕后保持休闲则可维持较高的有机碳含量;与苜蓿连作相比,苜蓿-作物种植模式的土壤有机碳降低了1.60%~23.11%,全氮含量增加了3.81%~21.83%。不同作物对土壤养分吸收利用状况不同,进而引起土壤酶发生变化。与苜蓿连作相比,苜蓿粮食作物种植模式在降低土壤过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性的同时,提高了土壤硝酸还原酶活性;其中土壤过氧化氢酶活性和蛋白酶活性分别降低了5.20%~12.30%和15.03%~43.43%,硝酸还原酶活性提高了1.26%~28.79%。苜蓿连作和苜蓿-粮食作物种植模式间的土壤脲酶活性无显著差异(P0.05),但均高于苜蓿-休闲处理。相关性分析结果表明,土壤脲酶活性与土壤有机碳、全氮含量呈显著正相关(P0.05),可作为衡量土壤肥力的指标。     

Behavioral and cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine–midazolam and dexmedetomidine–midazolam–butorphanol in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Objective

To evaluate the behavior and some cardiopulmonary variables of dexmedetomidine–midazolam or dexmedetomidine–midazolam-butor-phanol in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes).

Dosage assessment of valnemulin in pigs based on population pharmacokinetic and Monte Carlo simulation

To estimate the valnemulin pharmacokinetic profile in a swine population and to assess a dosage regimen for increasing the likelihood of optimization. This study was, respectively, performed in 22 sows culled by p.o. administration and in 80 growing‐finishing pigs by i.v. administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and Monte Carlo simulation. The relationships among the plasma concentration, dose, and time of valnemulin in pigs were illustrated as C_i,v = X₀(8.4191 × 10^‐4 × e^?0.2371t + 1.2788 × 10^?5 × e^?0.0069t) after i.v. and C_p.o = X₀(?8.4964 × 10^?4 × e^?0.5840t + 8.4195 × e^?0.2371t + 7.6869 × 10^?6 × e^?0.0069t) after p.o. Monte Carlo simulation showed that T_>MIC was more than 24 h when a single daily dosage at 13.5 mg/kg BW in pigs was administrated by p.o., and MIC was 0.031 mg/L. It was concluded that the current dosage regimen at 10–12 mg/kg BW led to valnemulin underexposure if the MIC was more than 0.031 mg/L and could increase the risk of treatment failure and/or drug resistance.     

Impact of an experimental PRRSV and Streptococcus suis coinfection on the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride after intramuscular injection in pigs

This study determined the impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis coinfection on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of ceftiofur hydrochloride in pigs after intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Eighteen clinically normal crossbred gilts were assigned by weight into a challenge group (10 pigs) and control group (eight pigs). Pigs in both groups received a single i.m. injection of ceftiofur hydrochloride (Excenel RTU Sterile Suspension; Zoetis) at a 5 mg/kg BW dose. Serial blood samples were collected to characterize the plasma concentration curve. After a 10 days drug washout period, the challenge group was inoculated with 2 mL of PRRSV isolate VR‐2385 (10^5.75 50% tissue culture infective doses per mL) intranasally and 8 days later inoculated S. suis. When clinical disease was evident, the second PK assessment began in both challenge and control groups. Coinfected pigs demonstrated lower values of AUC and C_MAX, but higher values of Cl/F and Vz/F indicating drug kinetics were altered by infection. The data from this study have implications on ceftiofur treatment regimens in diseased pigs.