基于环介导等温扩增技术检测雪松疫霉根腐病菌

雪松疫霉根腐病菌(Phytophthora lateralis Tucker et Milbrath)是一种重要的毁灭性植物病原菌,也是我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。目前,我国未有该病害发生的报道,为了防止P.lateralis的传入和扩散,需对其进行快速、准确的检测。本文利用环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP),以Ypt1基因为靶标序列,设计LAMP特异性引物,建立LAMP反应体系,并对灵敏度和特异性进行检测。结果表明:整个检测过程仅需80 min,即可通过肉眼观察直接判定检测结果。在特异性检测中,P.lateralis菌株都能观察到天蓝色的阳性反应,而其他疫霉菌和真菌供试菌株均呈阴性反应。在灵敏度检测中,最低检测限为100 pg/μL。该方法的建立为P.lateralis的检疫鉴定及其所致病害的快速诊断提供了新技术。     

EDC/NHS crosslinked electrospun regenerated tussah silk fibroin nanofiber mats

The tussah silk fibroin (TSF) nanofibers with 611 nm diameters were prepared by electrospinning with the solvent hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). And then, the TSF nanofibers were crosslinked by 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide/N-Hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) crosslinking agent. The morphology and microstructure of the crosslinked TSF nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Instron electronic strength tester, and cell culture. After treatment with EDC/NHS crosslinking agent, the TSF nanofibers swelled and its average diameter increased from 611 to 841 nm. FTIR and X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that random coil, ??-helix, and ??-sheet co-existed in the TSF nanofiber mats, but the content of ??-sheet increased from 25.26 to 45.34 %, and the random coil content decreased from 32.47 to 24.94 %. Compared with the electrospun pure TSF nanofiber mats, the crosslinked TSF nanofiber mats exhibited a lower breaking tenacity and initial modulus, which were 5.51 MPa and 9.86 MPa, respectively. At the same time, the extension at break of the crosslinked TSF nanofiber achieved 109.38 %. In cell culture evaluation, the crosslinked TSF nanofibers were found to support cell adhesion and spreading fibroblast L373 and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which had potential utility in a range of tissue engineering.     

Biochemical effects of acute phoxim administration on antioxidant system and acetylcholinesterase in Oxya chinensis (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of phoxim on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and esterase (EST) activities, and antioxidant system after topical application to Oxya chinensis. The results showed that phoxim inhibited AChE activity, and did not cause significant changes in the EST activity and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH). After phoxim administration, superoxide (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities showed a biphasic response with an initial increase followed by a decline in their activities. Glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were inhibited in comparison with the control. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed irregular changes. Its activity increased significantly at the concentrations of 0.06 and 0.12 μg/μL and decreased at the concentrations of 0.09 and 0.24 μg/μL compared with the control. Changes in SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, and GR activities indicated that phoxim caused oxidative damage in O. chinensis. However, no significant changes in MDA content suggested that these enzymes played important roles in scavenging the oxidative free radicals induced by phoxim in O. chinensis. The formation of oxygen free radicals might be a factor in the toxicity of phoxim.     

彩纸对茶尺蠖幼虫诱集效率的研究

本文研究了不同颜色彩纸在室内、野外对茶尺蠖幼虫的诱集以及彩纸与茶树共存时对茶尺蠖的竞争诱集。结果表明,不同颜色纸对茶尺蠖一龄幼虫有不同的诱集率,柠檬黄色纸诱引力最大,土黄、黄绿色纸次之。柠檬黄、土黄、黄绿色纸与茶树竞争诱集时,彩纸比寄主植物诱引力大。     

黑龙江春小麦根腐病危害损失研究

 通过田间小区控制试验和大田中取样调查等方法,对小麦根腐病在小麦生长不同阶段的危害损失进行了较详细的研究,明确了小麦根腐病苗腐主要影响田间保苗率、幼苗长势及成穗率等而造成产量损失;成株期的叶腐、穗腐则主要影响粒重而造成大幅度减产;同时穗腐又造成小麦籽粒感病,使种子质量下降而带来损失。     

一种利用流式细胞术鉴定梨倍性的方法

流式细胞术鉴定植物染色体倍性的方法广泛应用于果树多倍体育种中,然而相关流式细胞术鉴定梨染色体倍性的方法还没有系统的研究。以梨树叶片为试材系统优化了各个流式细胞术关键实验节点,结果表明：实验材料选取当年春季新梢第3~5 片梨树嫩叶,尤其是大棚新梢嫩叶最好;叶片前处理时用蒸馏水、去离子水依次洗净叶片表面后,再用去离子水浸泡10 min;使用WPB解离液对梨叶片细胞核进行提取后,用500 目滤膜过滤2 次,离心1 次后用流式细胞仪进行检测可得到理想的实验结果。该方法步骤简单、结果可靠,是一种快速、高效的梨染色体倍性鉴定的方法,可广泛用于梨树多倍体鉴定。     

苯甲酸在松材线虫病中的作用

在室内条件下,初步研究苯甲酸对松树和松材线虫病的作用.用不同浓度的苯甲酸溶液分别处理松枝,显示低浓度苯甲酸溶液能显著延长松枝的存活期,高浓度苯甲酸溶液处理的松枝针叶出现褐变现象,但对松枝的存活期没有影响,其症状与松材线虫病不同.分别用1.0 mmol·L-1的苯甲酸溶液和自来水培养接种松材线虫的松枝,在用苯甲酸溶液处理的接种松枝中,虽然松材线虫仍能大量增殖,但与用自来水培养的接种松枝相比,其蒸腾强度显著增强,失水萎蔫程度显著降低,存活期显著延长,这说明苯甲酸在松材线虫病树中可能起着抑制与病害相关的致病菌或提高松树抗病能力的作用.     

小麦中重金属镉测定的分析与研究

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法由于灵敏度高,检出限低,自动化程度高,被广泛用于重金属元素的分析检测。利用干法灰化法对小麦样品进行前处理,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测,探讨仪器分析最佳试验条件。该方法检测结果表明,相对标准偏差为0.20%,加标回收率为82.0%～99.5%。     

土壤湿度对三氮苯类除草剂药效的影响及优化方案

以稗草为生物测定材料,运用二次正交旋转组合设计,以土壤湿度和除草剂用量二因子为决策变量,对稗草的抑制率为目标函数,研究土壤湿度对三氮苯类除草剂药效的影响。结果表明,适当的土壤水分是三氮苯类除草剂发挥药效的重要因素,药效随土壤湿度的提高而提高。不同的土壤湿度对不同除草剂药效影响各异,高湿条件下,湿度差异对药效影响大小依次为嗪草酮、西草净、扑草净、莠去津,低湿条件下则相反。除草剂用量与土壤湿度存在最佳发挥药效的组合。     

南方稻区早籼区试品种产量分析及育种刍议

通过对“六五”至“八五”期间南方稻区早籼区论资料分析表明，南方稻区早籼育种取得了明显进展，产量水平大约每5年提高4％～6％。产量水平得以提高的主要因素是每穗粒数和粒重的增加。但优质品种产量水平偏低，其主要原因是粒重偏低。