Production,Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of an Extracellular Polysaccharide from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YL-1 Isolated from Sea Salt Field

A novel exopolysaccharide from marine-derived red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain YL-1 was produced and characterized. The highest yield of polysaccharide reached 15.1 g/L after medium and culture parameter optimization. This exopolysaccharide, composed of four neural monosaccharides including glucose, mannose, galactose and fucose, had an average molecular weight of 1200 KDa. It had good immunomodulatory activity on RAW256.7 cell lines. ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and Q-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) results showed that the cell was stimulated to express more IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β and TNFα cytokines than the control group. This is the first report of an exopolysaccharide with immunomodulatory activity from marine-derived Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.     

8个樱花品种播种育苗技术研究

本文介绍了8个樱花品种的种子从储藏、催芽、播种到苗期管理的试验全过程,总结出一种简便易操作的樱花播种育苗技术,可供生产设施比较简陋的地方借鉴和参考。     

月季R2R3-MYB转录因子全基因组鉴定与分析

月季是世界著名的观赏植物,具有极高的观赏价值和经济价值.本研究基于月季基因组利用生物信息学对月季R2R3-MYB基因家族进行全面鉴定,并对这些基因的结构、保守域和组织特异表达进行研究,解析月季R2R3-MYB转录因子在月季发育过程中的生物学功能.根据己报道的拟南芥R2R3-MYB基因,利用本地BLAST以及Hmmer工具鉴定月季基因组(Rosa chinensis' Old blush')中的R2R3-MYB基因,共鉴定出120个月季R2R3-MYB家族基因.系统进化树分析表明,月季R2R3-MYB家族基因可被分为34个亚组;其家族成员氨基酸序列N端均含有2个不等重复结构域R2和R3;基因结构分析显示,月季R2R3-MYB家族基因含有1～11个外显子;染色体定位发现120个基因分别定位在月季的7条染色体上,并发生8次串联重复事件;通过对基因组相关性分析共发现16对重复基因的R2R3-MYB基因簇.基因表达模式分析表明,120个基因在月季发育中均有表达,根据表达聚类分析可分为6个亚组,每个亚组之间存在表达差异.     

2013年国外家兔遗传育种研究进展

我国是养兔大国，但家兔遗传育种基础研究薄弱。文章对2013年国外家兔遗传育种最新研究进展进行综述，以期为国内家兔育种者提供参考。     

基于三维结构的胡杨茎生长模型的研究与可视化

植物生长模拟研究,是利用计算机仿真技术来模拟现实中植物的生长状态。论文以胡杨生长数据为基础,通过实验分析,推出了胡杨树高与胸径之间的关系,提出一种基于三维结构的胡杨茎生长模型,并运用3DMax技术实现胡杨茎生长模拟的可视化,同时给出了从不同角度模拟胡杨茎生长的状态图,从而全面反映了胡杨茎的生长模拟。     

“三系”杂交棉组合F1花粉育性与产量和品质的相关性研究

细胞质雄性不育“三系”（不育系、保持系和恢复系）制种因简化制种和节约劳动力成本已成为棉花杂种优势利用的重要手段。研究棉花花粉育性及“三系”组合F1可育花粉率与产量、品质性状的相关性，可以达到强化“三系”制种，提高育种效率的目的。用联苯胺-甲萘酚法测定12个不育系与4个恢复系杂交所得的48个F1的花粉育性，统计了可育花粉率并分析了可育花粉率与产量、品质的相关性。结果表明：－20℃保存条件下，花粉育性随贮藏时间的增加而减弱，51 h内其花粉育性依然保持88%以上，51 h内花粉育性无显著性影响。F1的可育花粉率均低于其恢复系及常规杂交种，大部分组合降低水平在20百分点以内。不同恢复系的恢复力有明显差异, 其中H46恢复力较强。F1的可育花粉率与单株铃数呈显著正相关。本研究结果有助于了解离体花粉的育性变化规律及“三系”杂交组合后代可育花粉率与产量品质的关系，可应用于异地授粉并在一定程度上指导“三系”杂交种选育，为育种工作提供一定的参考。     

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

Early interspecific dynamics,dry matter production and nitrogen use in Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) – alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixed intercropping

ABSTRACT

The global interest in growing perennial grain crops such as intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) (Kernza) for production of food and feed is increasing. Intercropping Kernza with legumes may be a sustainable way of supplying nitrogen to soil and associated intercrop. We determined the competitive interactions between intercropped Kernza (K) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (A) under three inorganic nitrogen (N) rates N0, N1, N2 (0, 200, 400 kg ha^?1) and five species relative frequencies (SRF) (100%K:0%A, 75%K:25%A, 50%K:50%A, 25%K:75%A and 0% K:100%A) in mixed intercrops (MI) in a greenhouse pot experiment. After 11 weeks of growth. Kernza dry matter yield (DM) and N accumulated (NACC) were low, but alfalfa DM and NACC high at 0 kg N ha^?1. 200 and 400 kg N ha^?1 fertiliser application increased the competitive ability (CA) of Kernza and reduced the CA of alfalfa. SRF had large impacts on alfalfa DM, NACC and NFIX only at 0 kg N ha^?1 fertiliser, and insignificant impacts on Kernza at all N fertiliser levels, indicating that adjustment of SRF may not be an effective way to modulate the interspecific competition of Kernza. Further research on the other factors that influence the interspecific competition are warranted.     

关于调整完善山东省棉花补贴机制的建议

为深入推进棉花供给侧结构性改革，提高山东省棉花质量、效益和竞争力，推进棉花补贴机制调整完善，本文对棉花的重要性进行了阐述，并对山东棉花补贴机制进行了探讨，提出了相应的建议。     

β-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum

Weaning may cause oxidative injury, immune response impairment, apoptosis and other injuries in piglets. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can elicit inflammatory responses, and persistent oxidative and ERS also may lead to apoptotic cascades, which is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. β-carotene, a natural carotenoid, has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. However, the effect of β-carotene on apoptosis in weaned piglets and the detailed molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that β-carotene decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in piglet serum. β-carotene could inhibit the mRNA levels of caspase-3 significantly, but had no significant inhibitory effect of the mRNA levels of caspase-9 and caspase-12 in the piglet jejunum. In addition, β-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, β-carotene had a significant influence on the activation of ERS and apoptosis-related signals in TG-induced IPEC-J2. In the present study, β-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicate that β-carotene may protect weaning-induced apoptosis through inhibiting ERS.