基于广义混合效应模型的云冷杉林天然更新计数方法研究

天然更新是森林恢复较好的办法,对未来林分结构和生物多样性具有深远的影响。更新模型能够模拟天然更新的现实和未来状况,为森林经营者提供准确的森林计划。以吉林省汪清林业局2013年设置的12块云冷杉针阔混交林为例,选择泊松和负二项分布形式,考虑样地间的随机效应,构建基于林分因子的云冷杉针阔混交林天然更新模型。结果表明：各个树种对林分因子的反应不一,白桦更新株数与林分每公顷株数和平均直径均呈负相关;红松和水曲柳更新株数不受各个林分因子的影响,更新株数是随机的;冷杉更新株数与林分每公顷断面积呈负相关;色木槭和云杉更新株数均与林分平均直径呈负相关。在考虑样地的随机截距效应后,模型的模拟效果显著提高。在构建天然更新模型时,林分密度是十分重要的因子,如果要人工促进天然更新,就要科学合理的采取经营措施,以确保合理的林分密度。另外样地间的差异是不容忽略的因素,需要利用混合效应模型方法来降低预测误差。     

外施γ-聚谷氨酸对蚜虫胁迫辣椒叶片叶绿素和两种氧化还原酶的分析

为探索新型无公害抗蚜方法,测试了外源施入γ-聚谷氨酸高分子聚合物的盆栽辣椒植株叶片在蚜虫胁迫后叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性的变化。外施γ-聚谷氨酸的植株叶片叶绿素a和b的含量在受胁迫后随时间增加其下降趋势较对照降低;过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶在蚜虫胁迫期间的活性较对照高。表明了外施γ-聚谷氨酸的辣椒植株叶片能够缓解由蚜虫胁迫导致的叶绿素降低的趋势并增强过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性。     

华北地区夏玉米田马唐治理的生态经济杀除阈期研究

作者于1992～1994年研究夏玉米田马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis L.)治理的生态经济阈期,借助计算机进行数学模拟,建立夏玉米的相对产量与马唐的相对干扰生长时间、相对出苗时间的函数关系。苗后马唐干扰生长的相对时间即相对天数(Xu)与夏玉米相对产量(Yu)的关系式为: Yu=101.5/{1.0 0.01756EXP[—(—0.0876Xu 0.0004888Xu~2)]}…………(1)苗后马唐出苗的相对时间与玉米相对产量的关系式为: Yd=100.73/{1.0 0.96EXP[—(0.06346Xd-0.00006859Xd~2)]}……………(2) 根据生态经济杀除阈期的定义和(1)、(2)两公式计算可知:夏玉米田马唐防除的生态经济杀除阈期的始期应从夏玉米苗后生育期总天数的11.8％开始,结束于夏玉米苗后生育期总天数的53.9％。例如华北地区夏玉米全生育期总天数一般是95天,夏玉米苗后生育期总天数(T)约为88天,故夏玉米田马唐防除的生态经济杀除阈期约在夏玉米苗后10.6—47.5天之间。     

我国小麦茎基腐病菌致病力比较分析

为明确我国不同种、地理来源和毒素化学型小麦茎基腐病菌的致病力分化情况,采用纸塔法对来自全国9个省市80个采样点分离的224株小麦茎基腐病菌进行致病力分析。结果表明,不同种镰刀菌的致病力不同,黄色镰刀菌Fusarium culmorum,禾谷镰刀菌F.graminearum,假禾谷镰刀菌F.pseudograminearum及亚洲镰刀菌F.asiaticum致病力强于其他种。F.culmorum致病力显著高于F.pseudograminearum和F.asiaticum,而F.pseudograminearum,F.graminearum及F.asiaticum三者之间无显著性差异。中华镰刀菌F.sinensis,木贼镰刀菌F.equiseti,锐顶镰刀菌F.acuminatum致病力较弱,三者间苗期致病力无显著性差异;多数省份F.pseudograminearum群体间致病力无显著差异,仅山东F.pseudograminearum群体的致病性显著低于河南群体;此外,产毒类型为3ADON的F.pseudograminearum群体致病力显著高于15ADON群体。     

云南省六个水稻产区稻瘟病菌三个无毒基因的组成及其致病型

为明确水稻抗性基因Piz-t、Pib和Pii的有效性,利用无毒基因AvrPiz-t、AvrPib和Avr-Pii的特异性引物对自云南省6个水稻产区采集并分离获得的348株稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae菌株进行PCR扩增检测,并测定其对仅含Piz-t、Pib和Pii基因的水稻抗性单基因系IRBLzt-T、IRBLb-B和IRBLi-F5品种的致病性,明确这3个无毒基因在云南省水稻产区组成及分布。结果表明,在348株稻瘟病菌菌株中,分别有51.7%、46.8%和15.8%的菌株含有无毒基因AvrPiz-t、AvrPib和Avr-Pii,GT8、GT2、GT5、GT6、GT1、GT3、GT4和GT7基因型菌株检测频率分别为24.7%、21.8%、21.0%、16.7%、4.9%、4.0%、3.4%和3.4%;分别有4.9%、29.2%、41.1%和24.7%的菌株含有3、2、1和0个无毒基因;云南省稻瘟病菌群体总多样性指数水平较高,为2.81,其中滇中水稻产区的最高,为2.97;在348株稻瘟病菌菌株中,分别有89.1%、63.2%和38.5%的菌株对单基因系IRBLzt-T、...     

No effect of exogenous melatonin on development of cryopreserved metaphase II oocytes in mouse

Background

This study was conducted to investigate effect of exogenous melatonin on the development of mouse mature oocytes after cryopreservation.

Results

First, mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes were vitrified in the open-pulled straws (OPS). After warming, they were cultured for 1 h in M₂ medium containing melatonin at different concentrations (0, 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁵, 10⁻³ mol/L). Then the oocytes were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels (fluorescence microscopy), and the developmental potential after parthenogenetic activation. The experimental results showed that the ROS level and cleavage rate in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin group was significantly lower than that in melatonin-free group (control). The GSH levels and blastocyst rates in all melatonin-treated groups were similar to that in control. Based on the above results, we detected the expression of gene Hsp90aa1, Hsf1, Hspa1b, Nrf2 and Bcl-x1 with qRT-PCR in oocytes treated with 10⁻⁷, or 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin and untreated control. After warming and culture for 1 h, the oocytes showed higher Hsp90aa1 expression in 10⁻⁷ mol/L melatonin-treated group than in the control (P < 0.05); the Hsf1, Hsp90aa1 and Bcl-x1 expression were significantly decreased in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin-treated group when compared to the control. Based on the above results and previous research, we detected the development of vitrified-warmed oocytes treated with either 10⁻⁷ or 0 mol/L melatonin by in vitro fertilization. No difference was observed between them.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the supplementation of melatonin (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻³ mol/L) in culture medium and incubation for 1 h did not improve the subsequent developmental potential of vitrified-warmed mouse MII oocytes, even if there were alteration in gene expression.     

美洲黑杨基因资源收存及其遗传评价的研究

从１７个国家引进３３１个黑杨派无性系（其中５２个美洲黑杨无性系）,在山东省长清县营建我国第一个黑杨派无性系基因库。连续１０年对基因库内美洲黑杨无性系进行了多性状系统研究,结果表明各无性系间在物候期、生长、生根、抗寒和抗病虫等方面均存在着显著的差异,遗传变异丰富;系间的主要性状与无性系起源纬度及各性状间存在一定相关性。主要材料性状变异的研究结果表明,３８个８年生美洲黑杨无性系在木材基本密度、纤维长度无性系间变异达到极显著水平;木材密度和纤维长度与树高和胸径呈一定相关性;木材密度和纤维长度这两个性状在遗传上相互独立,受不同遗传机制控制。利用分子遗传标记ＲＡＰＤ技术研究库内美洲黑杨无性系ＤＮＡ多态性,结果表明本库美洲黑杨ＤＮＡ多态率为８６％,再次证明本库美洲黑杨遗传多样性高,可为我国杨树改良提供丰富的育种材料。     

Effects of day and night temperature on photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activities,and endogenous hormones in tomato leaves during the flowering stage

To study the effects of day and night temperature difference (DIF) on tomato growth, a controlled experiment using Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Jinguan 5 was conducted. The daily mean temperature (T_m) was maintained at 18°C and 25°C, and the DIF was set at 0°C, 6°C, and 12°C. The results indicated that chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) gradually increased as DIF rose. At 18°C T_m, the carotenoid content reached a maximum at 12°C DIF. The Chl a/Chl b, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation (P_max), stomatal conductance (g_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), stomatal limitation value, the maximum assimilation rate (A_max), apparent quantum efficiency (A_q), carboxylation efficiency (C_e), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), gibberellin A₃ (GA₃), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were highest, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was lowest at 6°C DIF. At 25°C T_m, P_N, P_max, A_max, A_q, C_e, g_s, C_i, CAT, POD, GA₃, IAA, and zeatin reached the maximum under 6°C DIF, while SOD and MDA reached the maximum under 12°C DIF. Furthermore, the morphological index peaked at 6°C DIF under 18°C and 25°C T_m. The results suggested that 6°C DIF improved the growth and development of tomato during the flowering stage. ABBREVIATIONS: Aq – apparent quantum efficiency; Amax – the maximum assimilation rate; CAT – Catalase; Chl a(b) – chlorophyll a(b); Ca – ambient CO₂ concentration; Ce – carboxylation efficiency; Ci – intercellular CO₂ concentration; DIF – difference between day temperature (TD) and night temperature(TN); FM – fresh mass; gs – stomatal conductance; GA₃ – gibberellin A₃; IAA – indole-3-acetic acid; Ls – stomatal limitation value; MDA – malondialdehyde; Pmax – photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation; PN – net photosynthetic rate; POD – peroxidase; ROS – reactive oxygen species; SOD – superoxidedismutase; Tm – daily mean temperature; ZT – zeatin.     

巨大芽胞杆菌E-1菌株对土壤氯嘧磺隆残留的降解效果

采用玉米对氯嘧磺隆敏感的原理,测定巨大芽胞杆菌E-1对土壤氯嘧磺隆残留的降解能力。结果表明降解菌用量为300 mL菌液/kg土时,对玉米根长的修复率为18.31%～62.48%;降解菌用量30 mL菌液/kg土时的修复率为11.78%～49.72%;降解菌用量3 mL菌液/kg土时,施用降解菌的处理与不施菌处理之间无显著差异。