梯形组合刀盘设计及作业性能试验

针对免耕播种机开沟器工作中容易出现缠草堵塞、草土混杂及干湿土混杂影响播种质量的问题,设计了一种新型梯形组合刀盘,制作了试验装置,并进行了土槽和田间试验。试验表明:梯形组合刀盘在秸秆覆盖量不大于1.2kg/m2时,通过性满足要求;梯形组合刀盘工作时组合刀盘和开沟器先后开出"W"沟和"V"沟,草土分离系数达95%,干湿土分离系数可达91.7%。梯形组合刀盘破茬防堵性能可靠,实现了草土分离及干湿土分离,可为种子萌发及出苗创造良好条件。     

Effect of dietary Moringa stem meal level on growth performance,slaughter performance and serum biochemical parameters in geese

Moringa stem meal (MSM) with a high level of crude fibre (CF) might be developed and utilized in herbivorous geese as an unconventional feedstuff. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the MSM level in the diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance, breast meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in geese from 22 to 70 days of age. A one-factor completely randomized design was adopted in our study. A total of one thousand eight 21-day-old geese were randomly divided into six groups, with six replicates per group and 28 birds per replicate. The geese were fed diets containing MSM levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 g/kg during day 22–70. The dietary MSM level had no effect (p > .05) on the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI). The feed/gain ratio (F/G) increased linearly (p < .001) as the dietary MSM level increased. No differences (p > .05) were observed in the slaughter performance, meat quality and the relative organ weight (except for thymus) of the geese (p > .05). The relative weight of the thymus in the geese fed diets with supplementation of MSM was higher than that in the non-supplemented MSM control group (p < .05). In addition, 100 g MSM/kg of diet decreased the serum glucose (GLU) level (p < .05) and increased the alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity (p = .03). Dietary MSM levels of no more than 60 g/kg had no effects on the growth performance and slaughter performance, whereas diets with 100 g MSM/kg increased the F/G and serum ALT enzyme activity, as well as decreasing the serum GLU level. Therefore, MSM provided at a reasonable level could be developed as an unconventional feedstuff for geese at the finisher period.     

含床料的回转式生物质气化反应器实验

为将传统回转炉窑机械扰动特性与流态化反应器内惰性床料的均温蓄热特性相结合,提出一种回转式气化反应器设计模式,以棉秆颗粒燃料为实验原料,首先考察了回转炉转速、过量空气系数、温度等参数对气化反应系统的影响。实验结果表明,回转炉转速控制在1~4 r/min之间,随转速增加回转炉混合扰动特性增强,炉内温度分布更加均匀,不同指标参量均有提高,在实验范围内回转炉转速在3 r/min时,取得较好的产气结果;实验控制温度在550~700℃范围,各指标均随温度升高有增大趋势,其中燃气热值、气化效率受温度影响较大,实验条件下,600~650℃温度范围内燃气热值和气化效率等指标有较大提升;过量空气系数对产气结果的各项指标均有较大影响,实验控制过量空气系数在0.2~0.4范围内变动,随过量空气系数增加,除产气率和床料区温度在一定程度增大外,其他指标均有先增大后减小的变化趋势,实验中过量空气系数为0.3时气化效果较好。典型热态实验结果表明,该回转式气化反应器产出的燃气组分与流化床接近,考虑显焓的气化效率约为79.3%、碳转化率约为81.3%;以气化炉为核心进行能量平衡计算,显示系统有效输出效率达到86.8%,散热损失为主要能量损失途径;对床料区底灰的分离研究发现,床料区滞留的底灰超过90%停留在床料区下部,且大部分底灰粒径较小。通过控制变量得到优化实验结果,可为该炉型的运行和设计改进提供参考。     

鸡,鸭体内传染性法氏囊病病毒的分离及理化性质比较

从疑似传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）病鸡及同群饲养的鸭体内各分离到１株病毒，用传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）单克隆抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ试验证明两病毒均为ＩＢＤＶ，病毒血清型为Ⅰ型。病毒可致死鸡胚，适应于鸡胚成纤维细胞并产生细胞病变（ＣＰＥ）。理化性质比较表明，两病毒为同源ＩＢＤＶ。研究表明，鸭可成为ＩＢＤＶ的携带者或传染源。     

A new locus for resistance to brown planthopper identified in the indica rice variety DV85

The brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice. Resistant varieties have proved to be one of the most economic and effective measures for BPH management. In this study, an indica rice ‘DV85’ showed resistance to biotype 2 of BPH by bulked seedling test, and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between a susceptible rice ‘Kinmaze’ and ‘DV85’ was phenotyped to map genetic factors conferring BPH resistance in ‘DV85′. Composite interval mapping revealed that one quantitative trait locus (QTL) with a LOD score of 10.1 was detected between XNpb202 and C1172 on chromosome 11. This QTL was designated as Qbph11. Qbph11 explained 68.4% of the phenotypic variance of BPH resistance in this population. The allele from the resistant parent ‘DV85’ at Qbph11 reduced the damage caused by BPH feeding and would be very useful in breeding resistant rice varieties via marker‐assisted selection.     

Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying milling quality of rice (Oryza sativa) grains

Milling quality of rice grains is important to both producers and consumers. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling brown rice rate (BR), milled rice recovery (MR) and head rice recovery (HR) were analysed by composite interval mapping over 2 years using 98 backcross inbred lines (BILs). A total of 12 QTLs for the three traits were detected, of which five were for BR, four for MR and three for HR. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 7.5 to 19.9%, and additive effects contributed by a single QTL accounted for 0.46 to 2.34% of the variation. QTL‐by‐environment interactions were observed by comparing QTL mapping of the same population grown in two consecutive years. Three of five QTLs for BR and two of four QTLs for MR were detected in 2 years, and all three QTLs for HR were detected in 1 year only. BR was significantly correlated with MR, and all four QTLs of MR were located in the same regions as those of BR. This indicated that QTLs for highly correlated traits could often be detected in the same interval.     

车辆行驶的表层沙土非线性弹性本构模型的试验研究

以车辆行驶的表层沙土为研究对象，用土壤动态三轴仪对车辆行驶的表层沙土的力学特性进行了试验研究，建立了适于车辆行驶的表层沙土的非线性弹性邓肯（Ｄｕｎｃａｎ）本构模型。研究结果表明它能够较好地反映车辆行驶的表层沙土的本构关系，为车辆行走机构与表层沙土相互作用的力学计算分析和研制沙漠运输车辆奠定了基础     

In vitro suppression of quercetin on hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured by high glucose

Quercetin's protective effects on the glomerulosclerosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rat mesangial cells were investigated. The cell cycles, type IV collagen and laminin, TGF-β₁ mRNA, Smad 2/3 and Smad 7, and activities of cell antioxidases were measured. Compared with the high glucose group, quercetin may decrease the cell percentages of G₀/G₁ phase, Smad 2/3 expression, laminin and type IV collagen, and TGF-β₁ mRNA level significantly. The antioxidant capacity, the cell percentages of S phase and Smad 7 expression was significantly increased by quercetin. These results suggest that quercetin is a protective agent against glomerulosclerosis in DN.     

含乳饮料概述

介绍了含乳饮料的定义、分类以及我国含乳饮料的发展现状,同时还分析了我国含乳饮料的未来发展方向。     

黑龙江垦区中低产田利用改良规划

为了提高单位面积的产量,通过二年的调查研究,对黑龙江垦区中低产田的划分标准、评价和划分方法,中低产田类型、面积、分布、利用途径和改良规划进行了详尽讨论。在九个国营农场管理局耕地中,中低产田总面积为2153.57万亩,占总耕地面积的74.58%。对中低产田应按不同类型采取相应措施进行改良。总投资约需15—20亿元,年增收粮豆约16—20亿公斤。