含乳饮料概述

介绍了含乳饮料的定义、分类以及我国含乳饮料的发展现状,同时还分析了我国含乳饮料的未来发展方向。     

黑龙江垦区中低产田利用改良规划

为了提高单位面积的产量,通过二年的调查研究,对黑龙江垦区中低产田的划分标准、评价和划分方法,中低产田类型、面积、分布、利用途径和改良规划进行了详尽讨论。在九个国营农场管理局耕地中,中低产田总面积为2153.57万亩,占总耕地面积的74.58%。对中低产田应按不同类型采取相应措施进行改良。总投资约需15—20亿元,年增收粮豆约16—20亿公斤。     

元宝枫栓皮栎苗木水力结构特征的对比研究

元宝枫(Acer truncatum)是散孔材树种,栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)是环孔材树种,为了解二者在水分运输和耐旱机理方面的特点,该文应用水力结构的基本理论,在正常水分条件下,用改良的冲洗法测定4年生元宝枫、栓皮栎苗木各部位的水力结构参数. 实验和模拟的结果表明,元宝枫和栓皮栎苗木都存在限速区;在非限速区,二者各部分木质部的导水率、比导率、叶比导率和胡伯尔值都随功能木质部直径的增加而增大,但表现出不同的变化趋势,这些变化较好地说明元宝枫和栓皮栎苗木耐旱的生态策略. 在功能木质部直径相同的情况下,栓皮栎苗木的各水力结构参数均较元宝枫苗木大.     

2007年巢湖市稻纵卷叶螟发生特点原因分析及防治对策

本文运用系统测报调查数据、气象资料,分析了2007年巢湖市稻纵卷叶螟发生特点和主要原因,阐述了稻纵卷叶螟化学防治对策。     

Interactive effects of organic fertilizer, CaSO4 and amino acid Ca on Fuji apple in Burozem soil in China

A two-year trial was conducted to test the interactive effects of special-for-apple organic fertilizer, CaSO₄, and amino acid Ca on Fuji/Balenghaitang (Malus robusta Rehd.) rootstock in Burozem soil in China. Total Ca, exchangeable Ca, and fruit Ca were significantly improved by the soil application of CaSO₄ with the highest exchangeable Ca and fruit Ca observed in Fuji apple trees treated at the rate of 3.5 kg CaSO₄ per tree. 3.5 kg CaSO₄ was divided into two applications, with first application in the first month after full bloom, and the second in the second month after full bloom in summer, progressively to improve fruit Ca concentration. Dividing CaSO₄ into two applications in combination with organic fertilizer or amino acid Ca spray, proved to be more effective on improving the fruit Ca concentration, with the highest level of 179.17 mg/kg FW in Fuji apple trees treated with 2 kg CaSO₄ applied and amino acid Ca sprayed in the first month after full bloom, 1.5 kg CaSO₄ applied in summer, organic fertilizer applied in winter. Organic fertilizer applied in winter alone remarkably improved the fruit Ca concentration, as well as storage Ca in roots and stems, and the best effect was observed in Fuji apple trees which were supplemented organic fertilizer (10 kg) in winter and CaSO₄ (1 kg) in the first month after full bloom per tree. The effect on Ca increment became less pronounced when the amount of organic fertilizer reached 15 kg or CaSO₄ was more than 3.5 kg per tree. There was a positive correlation between the Ca/Mg ratio in soil and fruit, exchangeable Ca, and fruit Ca concentration, while a negative correlation was observed between the N/Ca ratio in fruit, available P, available K in soil, and fruit Ca concentration. Both N/Ca ratio and Ca/Mg ratio in fruit were affected by different fertilization regime, and bitter pit incidence at the end of storage kept acceptable only if N/Ca < 17 and Ca/Mg ≥ 7 at harvest. The commercial fertilization regime turned out to be organic fertilizer in combination with CaSO₄ applied in soil in winter, amino acid Ca sprayed in the first month after full bloom, and CaSO₄ applied in soil in summer. __________ Translated from Journal of Fruit Science, 2007, 24(1): 6–10 [译自: 果树学报]     

苹果果实中细胞质型苹果酸酶基因（NADP-ME）的克隆与表达分析

【研究目的】从苹果果实中克隆细胞质型NADP-苹果酸酶(NADP-ME)基因,并且从基因转录水平上研究该基因与苹果果实酸度的关系。【方法】利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆NADP-ME基因,半定量RT-PCR分析该基因在高酸和低酸个体不同发育时期果实中的转录情况,并进行原核表达分析。【结果】成功克隆了细胞质型NADP-ME基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为Mal-ME(GenBank注册号:DQ280492);该基因表达一个约66kD的蛋白;半定量RT-PCR分析表明:不同发育时期的果实中Mal-ME的转录与苹果酸含量呈负相关,即随着Mal-ME转录水平的增强果实含酸量下降。【结论】成功从苹果果实中克隆了细胞质型Mal-ME基因,Mal-ME在果实发育过程中对苹果酸的积累起负调控作用。     

不同果袋处理对红富士苹果贮藏生理的影响

研究了套5种类型果袋对红富士苹果(Malus domestica cv.Red Fuji Spur)低温(0℃)贮藏品质的影响,部分果袋进行早套袋(6月10号)和晚套袋(6月23号)两个处理。各种套袋果实的呼吸速率和失水率在贮藏的第一个月内逐步提高达到峰值,其中套塑膜袋果实的呼吸速率比套小林袋的高47%,同时伴随着可滴定酸、可溶性糖以及硬度的持续降低;随后的一个月内呼吸受到明显抑制,各种品质指标下降缓慢,但在其后的贮藏时间里呼吸速率再次缓慢上升。套塑膜袋的果实仍具有较强的呼吸,晚套袋的果实比早套袋的呼吸略高。贮藏结束时(120d)套小林袋红富士的可滴定酸和果实硬度分别为0.2087%、9.43kg/cm~2,套塑膜袋的分别为0.1812%、8.12kg/cm2。综合贮藏过程中果实的呼吸、糖、酸、硬度等指标的变化结果可以看到,不同果袋以套塑膜袋的果实品质下降最大,套小林袋(KM-2)的果实品质下降最小,其次是双层内红袋、双层内黑袋,再次是双层内塑袋。     

品种、栽培条件对旱地小麦产量及其品质的影响

本文的八个试验结果表明:品种和茬口、肥力、播期、播量、耕作深度等栽培措施,对小麦籽粒产量均有十分重要影响;但对其品质的作用,除品种外,主要是肥力,其它措施影响不大。肥力因素中,对改进品质起主要作用的是氮素的充足供应。磷对改进品质几乎无效。就改进品质而言,氮肥的施用方式和时间是以开花期根外喷氮的肥料效益最高。在地力能生产250公斤/亩小麦的地块上,喷洒3%的尿素液100公斤左右,比不喷的不仅增产14.84%(39公斤/亩),而且蛋白质提高2.3%,湿面筋提高7.7%,赖氨酸增加0.13%。故开花期喷氮素是改善小麦营养品质和加工品质经济有效的措施。     

泡桐叶片总DNA甲基化水平测定方法

采用高效液相色仪,色谱柱为Thermo Hypersil C18BDS,以pH4.0的甲醇-戊烷磺酸钠10mmol/L-三乙胺(10-90-0.2,v/v)为流动相,流速0.5mL/min,柱温30℃,在Waters2487紫外-可见分光光度检测器273nm处,测定泡桐叶片DNA水解样中胞嘧啶和5-甲基胞嘧啶的含量,泡桐叶片DNA总甲基化水平用5-甲基胞嘧啶占DNA样品中总胞嘧啶碱基的百分数表示。     

Accumulation of Mn(II) in Deinococcus radiodurans facilitates gamma-radiation resistance

Deinococcus radiodurans is extremely resistant to ionizing radiation. How this bacterium can grow under chronic gamma radiation [50 grays (Gy) per hour] or recover from acute doses greater than 10 kGy is unknown. We show that D. radiodurans accumulates very high intracellular manganese and low iron levels compared with radiation-sensitive bacteria and that resistance exhibits a concentration-dependent response to manganous chloride [Mn(II)]. Among the most radiation-resistant bacterial groups reported, Deinococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and cyanobacteria accumulate Mn(II). In contrast, Shewanella oneidensis and Pseudomonas putida have high iron but low intracellular manganese concentrations and are very sensitive. We propose that Mn(II) accumulation facilitates recovery from radiation injury.