鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病抗性主成分分析评估模型的建立

为建立鸡活体可测球虫病抗性综合评估模型,探索鸡球虫病抗性选育新方法,以京海黄鸡为试验材料,根据国内外文献选择15个球虫抗性评价指标,通过比较鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染组和非感染组抗性指标的差异,进一步筛选活体可测指标,并进行主成分分析,通过各主成分和综合主成分与所有抗性指标的相关分析,筛选最优抗性综合评估模型,并进行模型有效性筛选。在所选的14个活体可测抗性指标中,有6个指标在感染和非感染组间存在显著或极显著的差异(P0.05或P0.01),他们分别是感染后第3—5天体增重、感染后第8天血浆中CAT、GSH-Px、MDA、SOD和IFN-γ的浓度;主成分分析建立了6个单主成分和累计贡献率大于80%的综合主成分的抗性评估模型,各抗性评估模型计算的综合选择指数与15个抗性指标相关分析的结果表明,第一主成分模型和7个抗性指标相关极显著(P0.01),2个相关显著(P0.05),特别是与盲肠病变记分相关极显著(P0.01),其余6个主成分评估模型只与15个抗性指标中的2~3个相关显著或极显著(P0.05或P0.01),且与盲肠病变记分相关均不显著(P0.05);经检验第一主成分模型选择指数值的分布为正偏态分布,排序后其大小与盲肠病变表现一致。因此,第一主成分模型fi1=-0.64Zxi1+0.31Zxi2+0.80Zxi3-0.05Zxi4-0.08Zxi5+0.59Zxi6可以作为鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫抗性选择的最佳综合选择指数用于鸡的抗病育种。     

幼龄茶园套种夏大豆技术

从播种前准备、整地播种、合理密植、科学施肥、适时中耕、病虫草害防治、适时收获等方面总结了幼龄茶园套种夏大豆技术,以期促进该技术的推广,增加种植户收益。     

黔中喀斯特石漠化区次生林树种的经济功能评价及功能群划分

通过构建树种经济功能综合评价指标体系,采用层次分析法（AHP）,对黔中喀斯特次生林中25种优势树种经济功能进行综合评价,并划分树种经济功能群。结果表明,基于AHP评价结果与黔中喀斯特森林树种经济性能现状较为一致, AHP在喀斯特森林树种经济功能综合评价体系构建中是科学且实用的。黔中喀斯特森林25种优势树种分为7个经济功能群：（1）药用-观赏型高经济功能群（ PFGsⅠ）,树种为厚朴、喜树和盐肤木;（2）食用型高经济功能群（PFGsⅡ）,树种为茅栗和木姜子;（3）食用-工业型中经济功能群（PFGsⅢ）,树种有川榛和竹叶椒;（4）食用型中经济功能群（PFGsⅣ）,树种为火棘;（5）工业型中经济功能群（PFGsⅤ）,树种为滇柏、光皮桦、响叶杨等7种;（6）药用-观赏型低经济功能群（PFGsⅥ）,树种为金佛山荚蒾、金丝桃、算盘子等9种;（7）食用型低经济功能群（PFGsⅦ）,树种为粉枝莓。描述了各类经济功能群的基本特征,为研究区生态经济型次生林经营的树种选择、结构优化提供理论依据。     

Water-use efficiency of a poplar plantation in Northern China

The water-use efficiency (WUE) of an ecosystem—defined as the gross ecosystem production (GEP) divided by the evapotranspiration (ET)—is an important index for understanding the coupling of water and carbon and quantifying water–carbon trade-offs in forests. An open-path eddy covariance technique and a microclimate measurement system were deployed to investigate the WUE of a poplar plantation ecosystem in the Daxing District of Beijing, China, during the growing seasons in 2006, 2007, and 2008. We found that WUE values changed diurnally, peaking in early morning and showing a minimum between 2 pm and 3 pm. This pattern was regulated by photosynthetically active radiation, saturated vapor pressure deficit, and stomatal opening and closure. WUE had inter-daily variations but no substantial seasonal variation. The WUE decreased with increasing soil water content due to the higher sensitivity of ET than GEP to increased soil moisture. Under moist soil conditions (i.e., relative extractable water content >0.4), GEP was stable and WUE was generally low. These results suggest that the poplar plantation does not effectively use the available soil water for carbon uptake, and that soil moisture is lost to the atmosphere through ET.     

稻草生物炭对甲磺草胺和二氯喹啉酸吸附的影响

以弱酸性除草剂甲磺草胺和二氯喹啉酸为研究对象,研究稻草生物炭对这2种除草剂的吸附特征的影响。结果表明,当在土壤中添加稻草生物炭后,土壤对甲磺草胺、二氯喹啉酸的吸附都显著增加。Friendrich方程能更好地拟合稻草生物炭本身对甲磺草胺的吸附等温线,R2从线性拟合的0.976增加到0.987,Kfads为133.4 mg1-1/nkg-1L1/n。线性方程和Friendrich方程均能很好拟合二氯喹啉酸的吸附等温线,Kd为218.6 L/kg。     

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)低盐度围隔调控养殖环境微生物研究

在广东省珠海市斗门一个大小为0.3hm2的空白虾池内,设立10个大小为5×5×1.6m(l×b×d)的陆基池塘围隔,对凡纳滨对虾低盐度调控养殖环境微生物进行实验研究,结果低盐度围隔调控养殖系统,水体异养细菌平均为1.33~9.27×104cfu.ml-1,致病性弧菌平均为2.83~7.91×102cfu.ml-1,养殖水体致病性弧菌的数量比异养细菌平均低2个数量级。各围隔水体异养菌在养殖早期都有一个高峰期,中后期低而稳定;围隔异养细菌的数量并未因定期施菌而增高,反而呈下降的趋势。对虾养殖健康的围隔,中后期水体致病性弧菌保持较低的数量,而对虾发病的围隔,致病性弧菌数量高。围隔调控养殖系统,异养细菌的数量相对比较稳定,而致病性弧菌数量呈较大波动。     

Genetic Effects of IGF-Ⅰ Gene on the Growth and Reproductive Traits in Jinghai Yellow Chicken

The aim of this study was to analyze the association of SNPs in insulin like factor-Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ） gene with chicken growth and reproductive traits. PCR-SSCP approach was applied to assess the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and the general linear model was used to analyze genetic effects between genotypes and growth traits of the Jinghai Yellow chicken. For the IGF-Ⅰ gene, three genotypes(AA, AB and BB) were detected in Jinghai Yellow chicken population, the frequency of A and B alleles were 0.613 and 0.387. Sequencing revealed one mutation(A60G) of IGF-Ⅰ gene in BB genotype in comparison to AA genotype. The results showed that BB genotype of the IGF-Ⅰ gene had higher bodyweight at 4 weeks compared to AA and AB genotypes(P<0.05);AA genotype of the IGF-Ⅰ gene had significantly higher bodyweight at 300 day-age-weight compared to BB genotype(P<0.05). Polymorphisms in exon 3 of IGF-Ⅰ gene had certain effect on growth and reproductive traits in Jinghai Yellow chicken. However, whether these polymorphisms were important genetic markers, which related with IGF-Ⅰ gene and reproduction traits in Jinghai Yellow chicken, were needed to be further studied.     

寒地早熟理想株型超级稻龙粳31的创新实践

本文介绍了黑龙江省超级稻育种的特殊性、寒地超级稻的实践成果,根据实际条件提出了黑龙江省优质超级稻育种目标,总结了寒地超级稻理想株型与配套栽培技术,对创新实践成果龙粳31的选育、栽培、生育特性及推广进行了详尽分析与论述,为寒地水稻的创新实践提供了有价值的参考。     

北京植被净初级生产力对物候变化的响应

植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity,NPP）对物候的响应是全球气候变化背景下的重要研究内容,气候变化对植物物候与NPP的影响仍需明了,物候的时空变异规律更需深入探讨。该研究基于2001-2020年MODIS归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）数据提取北京植被物候信息,利用CASA（Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach）模型模拟NPP,通过线性回归、趋势分析和结构方程模型等方法,阐明NPP与物候时空变化特征,探究气象因素和物候变化对NPP的影响。结果显示：1）2001-2020年超过70 %的区域出现生长季开始（Start of Growing Season,SOS）逐渐提前,平均每年提前0.53 d。超过90%的区域生长结束期（End of Growing Season,EOS）逐渐推迟,平均每年推迟0.51 d。2）SOS提前和生长季（Length of Growing Season,LOS）延长均对NPP增长产生显著影响（P<0.05）。SOS每提前1 d,NPP增长3.74 g/m2;LOS每延长1 d,NPP增长2.56 g/m2 。秋季EOS推迟对NPP变化影响不显著。3）春季和秋季,气候通过改变物候（SOS、EOS）对NPP的间接影响大于直接影响,而夏季温度和降雨对NPP的直接影响更大。该研究表明春季物候变化是NPP年际变异的重要驱动因子,春季物候提前导致NPP年总量增加。研究结果是都市区植被生产力如何响应气候变化认识的重要补充。     

东兰县林地土壤有机质含量与土壤容重的相关性分析

以广西东兰县退耕还林地和荒山林地的7种立地类型土壤剖面的A、B层为研究对象,采用环刀法测定土壤容重,用重铬酸钾法-外加热法测定土壤有机质的含量,采用单因素方差分析方法分析A层和B层土壤有机质含量和土壤容重的差异性,结果表明,A层土壤有机质含量与土壤容重之间的关联紧密程度比B层的大,荒山林地的A层、B层分别比退耕林地的相应A层、B层的大。