Deposition patterns in bulk precipitation and throughfall in a subtropical mixed forest in central-south China

The chemistry and deposition pattern in bulk precipitation andthroughfall (TF) were examined and evaluated based on the 3-yearobservations in Shaoshan subtropical deciduous-conifer mixedforest in central-south China. The TF chemistry was notablychanged when passing through canopies, which probably was attributedto the dry deposition (DD) on leaf surface and the canopy exchanges.Base cations' (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and K⁺) fluxes were significantlyenriched in TF, in particular for K⁺. The annual K⁺ canopy exchangewas 12 times larger than DD, and canopy exchange of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺and K⁺ was four times as high as the DD. The canopy exchangeof base cations in association with weak acid accounted for28.4 per cent of total leached base cations, which was one ofthe important factors to modify the TF chemistry.     

玉米健壮素和烯效唑对杂交玉米正红311的株高及产量的影响

采用田间试验方法,在高海拔的攀西地区研究了玉米健壮素和烯效唑对杂交玉米新品种正红311株高和产量的影响,结果表明:小喇叭口期叶面喷施玉米健壮素有显著的降高效应,株高和穗位高分别降低12.1%～24.5%和13.5%～16.0%,但产量也随之降低,降低幅度为6.7%～8.9%;株高和产量之间为二次凸函数关系,植株过高、过低均不利于高产。     

Direct Extraction of Volatiles of Rice During Cooking Using Solid-Phase Microextraction

An apparatus that allows extraction and enrichment of flavor volatiles of rice during cooking using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was designed and tested in the Japanese rice cultivar Akitakomachi. Because it is a solvent-free technique, no solvent contaminants were extracted during sampling. This technique enables one to place the fiber of SPME in the effluent of the flavor volatiles of the rice during cooking and it can also be used for simultaneous extraction of those volatiles in the course of the cooking process. Therefore, variations in the composition and amount of volatile compounds of rice during cooking can be determined. The overall flavor volatiles of rice during cooking have been analyzed by using this SPME method. Compounds that have been previously highlighted as flavor volatile markers, such as volatiles from oxidative degradation of lipids, products from thermal decomposition, and fatty acids existing in rice, were extracted directly by SPME in conjunction with this apparatus.     

不同灌溉条件下燕麦籽粒植酸、总磷、蛋白质及矿质元素含量变化特征研究

采用防雨池栽方法研究了不同灌溉条件下两种栽培类型燕麦白燕7号皮燕麦（Avena sativa L.）和内农大莜一号裸燕麦（Avena nuda L.）籽粒植酸、总磷、蛋白质、钙、镁、钾、锌、铁、铜、锰含量变化特征。随灌水次数和灌水量的增加,内农大莜一号裸燕麦籽粒总磷和铜含量呈线性变化,籽粒产量、植酸、钙、镁、钾、锌、锰含量变化呈二次函数;白燕7号皮燕麦籽粒（去壳）锌和铁含量呈线性变化,植酸、总磷、粗蛋白、钙、镁含量呈二次函数变化。     

轮作对甘薯地线虫群落组成及多样性的影响

针对甘薯茎线虫病严重的多年连种区进行轮作玉米试验,研究连种甘薯、轮作玉米对甘薯地土壤线虫群落种类组成、垂直分布、线虫群落的多样性的影响,其结果共获得3目8科15属线虫。连种甘薯地极优势属为茎属Ditylenchus,甘薯地轮作玉米其极优势属为头叶线虫属Cephalobus、真头叶线虫属Eucephalobus,滑刃Aphelenchoides和真滑刃线虫属Aphelenchus。连种甘薯和轮作玉米地同一土层线虫属数量间没有显著差异,线虫数量间有显著差异;应用Shannon多样性指数、J均匀度指数、SR丰富度指数分析了连种甘薯和轮作玉米地土壤线虫群落的多样性,其中Shannon指数、SR指数最敏感,应用WI指数分析了土壤线虫群落的营养结构,WI指数可反映轮作玉米与连种甘薯间土壤线虫群落结构的差异;轮作可减少植物寄生线虫种类和数量,增加食细菌和食真菌线虫的数量,可改变线虫群落的营养结构。     

辣蓼的应用及其功效

综述了中草药辣蓼在植物源农药、医药保健以及兽药等方面的应用。辣蓼在医药保健中的应用主要表现在它具有抗微生物活性、抗氧化作用以及抗病毒作用中;在植物源农药上主要运用辣蓼具有杀虫、拒食、驱避等活性作用;而在兽药方面主要运用其根或全草治疗多种疾病,均取得了很好的疗效。最后就辣蓼作为植物源农药的独特优越性作了简单扼要的介绍。     

非洲马瘟病毒VP7基因的克隆与表达

为获得非洲马瘟病毒VP7蛋白,以用于制备AHS血清学诊断试剂并为AHS新型疫苗的构建奠定基础,笔者采用原核表达系统表达VP7蛋白。在GeneBank中查找非洲马瘟病毒VP7基因序列,人工合成VP7基因,将VP7基因片段克隆插入pBAD/Thio-TOPO表达载体,将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌TOP10。经测序鉴定,筛选获得VP7基因正向插入、有正确读码框的阳性克隆,经L-Arabinose诱导表达VP7融合蛋白抗原。SDS-PAGE分析表明以终浓度为0.2%的L-阿拉伯糖进行诱导,4h后表达可达到高峰,融合蛋白质量约54.72 kDa。Western blotting检测和间接ELISA表明诱导表达的融合蛋白能与非洲马瘟病毒VP7单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,说明蛋白有特异的免疫学活性。     

哺乳动物腔前卵泡研究进展及其在珍稀濒危野生动物上的应用

回顾哺乳动物(牛、羊、猪、小鼠、大鼠、兔以及仓鼠等)腔前卵泡的研究历史和现状并探讨腔前卵泡研究在珍稀濒危野生动物(猫科动物、犬科动物和灵长类动物等)上应用的可能性.     

CTMAB-膨润土对水溶液中4种农药的吸附特性

用溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB) 制得改性膨润土, 研究了CTMAB-膨润土吸附水中甲萘威、甲基对硫磷、克百威、多菌灵的性能和适宜条件。结果表明: CTMAB-膨润土对水溶液中4 种农药有较强的吸附能力, 且与CTMAB 在膨润土上的实际交换量有关, 随着表面活性剂浓度的增大而增大; 但CTMAB 浓度≥4% 时, 实际发生吸附的农药就不再随着加入量的增加而增大。4 种农药的吸附等温线呈线性, 表明分配模式是主要的吸附形式。有机膨润土对4 种农药的吸附很快, 大部分农药在10 m in 内被吸附。pH 值变化对吸附有不同的影响, 并与农药性质有关: 低pH 值会降低有机农药的吸附量, 4 种农药在pH4～ 10 时吸附量较稳定,高pH 值导致多菌灵的吸附量增加, 而甲萘威、甲基对硫磷和克百威有分解现象。     

牛乳免疫球蛋白和补体含量测定

用琼脂单项免疫扩散法测定牛乳免疫球蛋白和补体含量。结果表明：初乳免疫球蛋白和补体Ｃ３含量极显著高于常乳（Ｐ〈０．０１）;初乳补体Ｃ４含量显著高于常乳（Ｐ〈０．０５）;初乳中免疫球蛋白和补体含量于产后３天达到高峰。