村规民约对牧民减畜决策行为的影响

牧民的减畜行为在草原退化过程中起着关键的作用。村规民约作为一种基层自治方式,在一定程度上,对实现草原环境治理的制度化和法制化具有积极作用。因此,本研究通过探讨村规民约对牧民减畜决策行为的影响,以期从非正式制度视角,提出控制牧民超载过牧行为的政策建议。本研究在对村规民约对牧民草原保护决策行为影响机制进行分析的基础上,以内蒙古和新疆193户牧民的实地调研数据为依据,运用Double-Hurdle模型,实证分析村规民约对牧民草原生态保护决策行为的影响。研究发现,以书面形式制定,且近5年内容未发生变化的村规民约,可显著提高牧民的减畜意愿;宗教信仰对牧民的减畜意愿有显著的制约作用;汉语水平越好的牧民,其减畜意愿越高。本研究认为村规民约对其生产生活影响程度越高的牧民,其减畜比例越高;牧民的受教育水平和家庭收入水平与其减畜比例均显著负相关。因此,重视村规民约制定形式的规范性和内容的稳定性,提高牧民对村规民约的遵守程度和认可程度,定期开展牧民汉语培训工作,提高牧民的汉语水平等方式对引导牧民做出有利于保护草原生态的决策行为有积极作用。     

红魔芋密植试验

通过对100g、150g、200g、280g大小的红魔芋种芋材料开展密植试验,结果发现,150g的材料,当小区播种量为60粒时,膨大率最大（为5.7）,投入产出比最高（为3.6）,200g的材料,当小区播种量为36粒时,膨大率最大（为6.5）,投入产出比最高（为3.8）,而100g和280g材料的膨大率和投入产出比明显偏低。     

蓼科杀虫植物——辣蓼

摘 要：论述了辣蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)的分布、生物学特性、毒性、药用性、化学成分及其对昆虫的生物活性;并对辣蓼在植物源农药应用方面存在的问题及发展前景进行了一些探讨。     

玫瑰花不同部位清除DPPH·能力的比较研究

通过不同取材,研究了红色、金黄色、白色和粉红色玫瑰花花瓣、花蕊、花萼和叶片清除DPPH能力,结果表明,红色和金黄色玫瑰花瓣对DPPH清除能力比白色和粉红色强;四种玫瑰花花蕊都有较强的DPPH清除能力,且无显著差异;粉红色和金黄色玫瑰花花萼具有较强的DPPH清除能力;在较高的浓度下四种玫瑰花的叶片同样有较强的DPPH清除能力.在实验条件下,红色、金黄色花瓣以及不同花蕊50%DPPH清除率(rs50)都小于芦丁的rs50.     

国家橡胶树种质资源圃07/08年寒害调查

在2007/2008年发生的典型平流型寒害影响下,对国家橡胶树种质资源圃材料进行全面调查。调查结果表明,遗传背景不同的种质对寒害具有一定程度上的差异;1981’IRRDB野生种质中有较大比例显示出对低温具有一定的耐性,可利用从中筛选的优异资源进行耐寒选育种。     

水稻抽穗期功能叶叶型相关性状遗传分析

本研究以典型的籼粳交（春江06／台中本地1号）F1经花药培养产生的双单倍体（DH）群体为材料,考察了该群体及其双亲抽穗期功能叶的叶长、叶宽和叶倾角。结果表明,相邻功能叶的叶型特征有极显著的相关性。所考察的有关性状在DH群体中均表现连续分布,且有一定数量的超亲个体,呈多基因控制的数量性状特征。QTL分析共检测到52个水稻抽穗期功能叶叶型有关的QTL,它们分布于除第5染色体外的其他11条染色体上,贡献率介于6．27％---23．30％之间。增效等位基因的聚合能明显调节不同叶位功能叶的叶型,并对其在常规稻和杂交稻的育种应用前景进行了探讨。     

Identification and mapping of a novel Turnip mosaic virus resistance gene TuRBCS01 in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.)

We aimed to identify Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) resistance genes in Chinese cabbage by analysing the TuMV resistance of 43 P₁ (resistant), 88 P₂ (susceptible), 26 F₁, 104 B₁ (F₁ × P₁), 108 B₂ (F₁ × P₂) and 509 F₂ individuals. All parents and progeny populations were mechanically inoculated with TuMV‐C4. Both F₁ and B₁ populations showed TuMV resistance. Resistant: susceptible ratios in the B₂ and F₂ populations were 1 : 1 and 3 : 1, respectively. TuMV resistance in P₁ was controlled by a dominant gene, TuRBCS01. Bulked segregation analysis was performed to identify simple sequence repeat or insertion or deletion markers linked to TuRBCS01. Data from 108 B₂ individuals with resistant or susceptible phenotypes were analysed using mapmake r/exp 3.0. Polymorphic marker sequences were blast searched on http://brassicadb.org/brad/ . TuRBCS01 was found to be linked to eight markers: SAAS_mDN192117a_159 (3.3 cM), SAAS_mDN192117b_196 (4.0 cM), SAAS_mDN192403_148 (13.0 cM), SAAS_mGT084561_233 (6.8 cM), BrID10723 (3.3 cM), mBr4041 (3.3 cM), SAAS_mBr4055_194 (2.6 cM) and mBr4068 (4.0 cM). Further, TuRBCS01 was mapped to a 1.98‐Mb region on chromosome A04 between markers BrID10723 and SAAS_mBr4055_194.     

Isolation of a new repetitive DNA sequence from Secale africanum enables targeting of Secale chromatin in wheat background

A genome specific DNA sequence that detects Secale africanum chromatin incorporated into wheat was developed in this study. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to search for genome specific DNA sequences of S. africanum in lines, R111, “mianyang11” (MY11) and wheat-rye 1RS/1BL translocations R25 and R57. A high copy rye-specific DNA segment pSaD15₉₄₀ of the S. africanum genome was obtained. The sequence of pSaD15 did not show any significant homology to other reported sequences in databases and it is therefore a new repetitive sequence of Secale. PCR primers were designed for pSaD15₉₄₀, which amplify a clear 887 bp fragment in S. africanum but not in any wheat. The primers also amplified an 887 bp fragment in other accessions of rye, Chinese Spring-Imperial rye chromosome additions and a diverse range of material carrying different rye chromosomes or chromosomal segments. In situ hybridization showed that probe pSaD15₉₄₀ was specifically hybridized throughout all rye chromosomes arms except for the terminal regions. The advantage of the rye-specific probe developed herein compared to those of previous reports is that it has been shown to be widely applicable to other Secale species. The probe will be useful as a molecular marker for the introgression of S. africanum and other rye chromosome segments into the wheat genome.     

烤烟典型缺钾症表现的农艺性状及相关营养元素分析

针对近年来在玉溪市大田烤烟生产上发生的严重的烤烟典型缺钾症,以根际土壤及植株各部位器官等为探索对象,采用对比分析法探讨了红花大金元和K326烤烟典型缺钾症表现的农艺性状及相关营养元素含量状况。结果表明,烟株发生严重缺钾症后,外部不但表现典型症状,还表现叶片的长、宽及茎直径有所下降．从而导致单株的地上部和地下部的干物质积累量显著下降,同时烟株内部的营养元素含量及其相互协调性与正常株相比也发生了显著的变化。典型缺钾症烟株的根部及各个叶位的叶片和茎杆．不但K含量显著降低,而且各个叶位的叶片和茎杆的Mg、Zn（中上部茎）、B含量也明显下降;各个叶位的叶片N、Ca、Mn、Fe含量则显著提高,K326烟株各个叶位茎杆及红花大金元根部的含N量也明显提高,但K326烟株根部及红花大金元茎部（中上部）的含N量又明显下降;典型缺钾症烟株的根部、茎部及各个叶位的叶片N／K、Ca／K和Mg／K含量则显著提高。红花大金元（地烟）典型缺钾株的根际土有效养分含量除N地。N有所升高外,不但有效K含量呈显著降低,而且有效态N、P、ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、B、NO3^-N也降低;K326（田烟）典型缺钾株的根际土有效K含量也表现显著降低,但NH4^-N和NO3^-N表现出显著的升高。而有效态Ca、Mg、P、Zn、B、Mn的含量变化不明显。     

9个杂交水稻新组合种子纯度的分子标记鉴定

本研究利用SSR标记和田间种植观察对新创制的8份杂交组合水稻种子进行纯度鉴定,除杂交组合6026A/R4149采用1个标记之外,其余7个杂交组合均采用2个标记鉴定,分子标记和田间观察均鉴定200个单株。SSR标记检测结果与田间种植鉴定结果基本相同,因此,筛选出的共显性标记适用于这8个杂交组合的水稻种子纯度鉴定。