Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

国外引进野生苦瓜资源的性状调查研究

对引进的多美尼加野生苦瓜资源主要性状进行了调查、研究,结果表明,野生苦瓜晚熟.叶小茎细.长势旺盛,侧蔓结果为主;果绿色,纺锤形,密布刺瘤,味苦;对白粉病,枯萎病的抗性达到高抗甚至免疫;耐热性、耐寒性远强于栽培种,在抗病和抗逆育种中具有很高的利用价值,但其缺点是果小,肉薄、韧而不堪食.     

荔枝粗胫翠尺蛾触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对荔枝粗胫翠尺蛾雌雄虫触角上的感器进行观察和研究。结果表明,荔枝粗胫翠尺蛾雌虫触角丝状,雄虫触角羽状,分布有锥形感器、腔锥形感器、刺形感器、毛形感器、芽孢形感器、耳形感器、指形感器等7种感器,其中毛形感器数量最多,芽孢形感器雄虫特有。     

激素和多胺对苦瓜性别分化的影响

研究了ＧＡ３（赤霉素）和ＣＣＣ（矮壮素）处理下株洲长白苦瓜植株，从苗龄８～７０天茎尖内源激素的变化。结果表明，第一雌花形成与茎尖内源ＧＡ３含量增高有关。开花盛期，茎尖内源ＩＡＡ含量下降越小，ＺＴ含量下降越大，植株的雌花数和♀／♂越大。分析表明，雌、雄花中内源多胺（ｃａｄ）含量都明显高于无性组织，可能与性别分化有关，内源亚精胺（ｓｐｄ）含量变化可能与雌花的发生和发育有关，内源腐胺（ｐｕｔ）含量的上升可能与雄花的分化有关     

无花果品系威紫在威远县的引种表现及栽培技术

2016年2月,威远县从中国农业大学引进无花果品系威紫,经过4年的试验种植表明,该品系在当地表现良好,弥补了缺乏紫黑色果皮鲜食品系的不足。果实长卵形,果面光洁,果皮紫黑色、韧性好,果肉无中空、浅红色,平均单果重45.8g,最大80g,含糖量15.6%,含酸量0.2%,果实始熟期7月中旬,成熟期持续到10月下旬,果实发育期84~91天,定植第3年进入盛产期,每666.7m^2产量1500kg左右,丰产性较强,果实品质佳,商品性好,可作为优良鲜食无花果品系在川渝地区推广。     

辣椒新品种‘苏椒25号’

‘苏椒25号’为早熟辣椒杂交一代新品种。果实长灯笼形,纵径13.5 cm,果肩横径4.5 cm,果肉厚度0.30 cm,单果质量62.1 g,果面微皱有光泽,青果绿色,成熟果红色,味微辣,鲜果维生素C含量1.15 mg·g~(-1),产量为41.0 t·hm~(-2)左右。适合在江淮、黄淮流域保护地栽培。     

家庭香葱盆栽技术研究

为了探明家庭盆栽香葱的最佳方式,比较了不同品种、摆放位置和采收方式对香葱的影响。结果表明:与本地小香葱(对照)和改良日本香葱相比,农友小香葱植株优势明显,更适宜家庭盆栽种植;摆放位置表现为屋顶最佳,朝东阳台次之,朝北阳台最差;剪切采收显著增加分蘖数,分株采收则能保证植株粗壮。     

牛角形辣椒新品种苏椒26号的选育

苏椒26号是由母本2012X14和父本2012X10配制而成的辣椒杂交一代品种,植株生长势强,始花节位第9节,果实牛角形,绿色,果实纵径19.1 cm,果肩横径4.3 cm,果肉厚度0.26 cm,单果质量65.0 g,鲜果维生素C含量1.04 g/kg,微辣,产量约3 200 kg/667 m~2,适宜黄淮江淮地区保护地栽培。     

高寒地区蛹虫草大米培养基的优化

以引进西藏的6株蛹虫草为试材,对比研究了其菌丝生长速率、出草产出及长势,筛选优良的蛹虫草菌株,并通过正交实验筛选对蛹虫草大米培养基营养成分的最优水平组合。结果表明:蛹虫草"TAAAS1"的菌丝生长速率虽不是最快的,但出草整齐均匀,出草产出高于其它菌株,表明"TAAAS1"菌株是适宜在高寒地区栽培生产的好品种;蛹虫草大米培养基的最优水平组合为蛹粉4g/L,葡萄糖20g/L,硫酸镁2g/L,磷酸二氢钾1.5g/L。