Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

数控螺旋锥齿轮磨齿机机床加工误差补偿

根据螺旋锥齿轮齿面的数学模型,对轮齿曲面进行了离散化处理.运用矢量运算的方法,给出了齿面离散点径矢及其法矢的计算方法.基于螺旋锥齿轮切齿计算得到的比例修正参数以及砂轮可任意修形的特点,建立了一种基于比例修正参数和砂轮参数,对机床加工误差进行补偿的方法,运用最优化算法可得到各种比例修正参数的修正倍数以及砂轮参数的改变量.通过实际的磨齿加工、齿形误差的测量以及机床调整参数的补偿,验证了机床加工误差补偿方法的正确性.     

机床误差对螺旋锥齿轮齿形的影响规

基于螺旋锥齿轮齿面分析的数学模型,采用最优化算法和一种新的计算齿形误差的方法,计算了误差齿面与理论齿面在理论齿面法线方向的齿形误差.通过引入机床调整误差和刀具参数误差,分析了各种误差对螺旋锥齿轮齿形的影响规律,以图形的方式表示了误差齿面相对于理论齿面的偏离方向以及误差值的大小,为机床的精度设计、齿形误差的修正以及指导实际加工提供了理论依据.通过实际的磨齿加工和检测对算法以及分析结果进行了验证.     

牧场土壤含水率与坚实度空间变异与相关性分

利用土壤水分/圆锥指数复合测量装置,应用精细农作技术体系网格定点测量与GPS定位,在一块面积约1.27 hm2的草地上获取了土壤含水率与坚实度空间分布基础数据,并针对采样过程中出现的数据缺失,用偏最小二乘法对数据进行修补.然后运用克里格插值法进行数字化成图,并在此基础上分别对含水率与坚实度的空间变异性及两者的相关性做了分析.     

基于控制局域网的拖拉机液压悬挂电控系统

根据拖拉机悬挂系统机电液一体化的控制方式要求,以单片机C8051F040/1为主控制器,设计了基于CAN总线的拖拉机电控液压悬挂电子控制系统,开发了系统的CAN网络、硬件电路、软件程序,提出了控制系统的CAN传输信息帧的身份码(ID)和数据的编写方式,并实现了通过CAN网络对拖拉机悬挂的操作以及对其工作状态的监测与调控.     

胡萝卜微粉物理特性和营养成分的影响因

胡萝卜微粉制备中,影响微粉物理特性及营养成分的试验分析表明:热风和微波干燥获得的胡萝卜微粉容积密度大,冷冻干燥的胡萝卜微粉容积密度小.微波干燥获得的胡萝卜微粉溶水性好,其次是冷冻干燥;胡萝卜生粉比熟粉溶水性好.胡萝卜生粉的氨基酸质量比高于熟粉和冻融粉;真空冷冻干燥生胡萝卜,粉碎粒径小于240目时,氨基酸质量比高.经过冻融处理的胡萝卜微粉V_c质量比高于其生粉和熟粉;冷冻干燥的胡萝卜微粉V_c质量比高.类胡萝卜素质量比随着粒径减小而减小;冷冻干燥冻融处理的胡萝卜,在粉碎粒径为80～120目时,类胡萝卜素和V_c质量比高.     

基于计算机视觉的葡萄茎直径高精度测量方法

提出了基于计算机视觉的葡萄茎直径测量方法,采用双边滤波降低图像噪声,通过Otsu阈值分割和BloB分析实现葡萄茎与背景的分离,应用基于特征点的定位方法得到茎直径测量位置,由茎直径所包含像素数和尺寸当量计算出茎直径值,从而实现茎直径连续测量.实验和现场应用表明,系统测量重复精度可达±0.5μm.     

牛角形辣椒新品种苏椒26号的选育

苏椒26号是由母本2012X14和父本2012X10配制而成的辣椒杂交一代品种,植株生长势强,始花节位第9节,果实牛角形,绿色,果实纵径19.1 cm,果肩横径4.3 cm,果肉厚度0.26 cm,单果质量65.0 g,鲜果维生素C含量1.04 g/kg,微辣,产量约3 200 kg/667 m~2,适宜黄淮江淮地区保护地栽培。     

家庭香葱盆栽技术研究

为了探明家庭盆栽香葱的最佳方式,比较了不同品种、摆放位置和采收方式对香葱的影响。结果表明:与本地小香葱(对照)和改良日本香葱相比,农友小香葱植株优势明显,更适宜家庭盆栽种植;摆放位置表现为屋顶最佳,朝东阳台次之,朝北阳台最差;剪切采收显著增加分蘖数,分株采收则能保证植株粗壮。     

辣椒新品种‘苏椒25号’

‘苏椒25号’为早熟辣椒杂交一代新品种。果实长灯笼形,纵径13.5 cm,果肩横径4.5 cm,果肉厚度0.30 cm,单果质量62.1 g,果面微皱有光泽,青果绿色,成熟果红色,味微辣,鲜果维生素C含量1.15 mg·g~(-1),产量为41.0 t·hm~(-2)左右。适合在江淮、黄淮流域保护地栽培。