武昌油菜害虫的天敌研究

武昌油菜害虫天敌有50种,其中捕食性天敌35种,以蜘蛛类为主,占48％;寄生性天敌15种,以蚜茧蜂和油菜潜蝇姬小蜂为主,寄生率分别为64.29％和60—80％     

湖南省农产品加工业发展存在的问题与建议

分析了湖南省农产品加工业发展的现状和存在问题,指出湖南省农产品加工业发展已初具规模,形成了地方特色,出现了一批农业产业化龙头企业,但还存在农产品加工企业规模不大、技术创新能力不足,产品优质率低、名牌品牌少,质量标准体系不健全等问题。提出了加强农产品加工业的战略地位,建立和完善农产品加工技术创新体系及质量安全标准体系,调整产业结构、实施名牌战略,加强国际市场开发、促进农产品出口等建议。     

Studies of Multi-Allelic Polymorphism of Dominant Dwarfing Genes in Wheat

Dwarfing breeding of wheat in the world is confined to the exploitation of recessive dwarfing sources. None of the dominant dwarfing sources discovered in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) has found wide exploitation in wheat breeding due to the extreme dwarfness of their plants (20 -55 cm). We found in our work that some stable mutant lines with their plant height enhanced to different extents could be obtained in large populations derived from the stock seeds of the dominant dwarfing sources Aibian1 carrying Rht10 on 4DS and being 20 - 55 cm tall and Aisu2 carrying Rht3 on 4BS and being 55 cm tall, or from their descendants of induced mutation treatments, or from the segregating descendants of their crosses with mid- or tall-statured genotypes. Subsequently, we studied these mutation-derived lines differing in plant height with near isogenic lines and observed that the character of their enhanced plant height bred true, each carrying a semidominant dwarfing gene for a definite height and that as the plant height of the mutation-derived lines increased, the yield-contributing characters of their near isogenic lines were significantly improved. When test crosses with marker genes and physiological and biochemical genetic marker tests were performed to re-localize the semi-dominant dwarfing genes carried by the mutation-derived lines, it was confirmed that they shared common loci with Rht10 and Rht3 and that they were all mutation-derived multiple alleles. It is thus speculated that dominant dwarfing genes are of "multi-allelic polymorphism". In other words, dominant dwarfing genes, which are ultra-dwarfing, are liable to develop by mutation into a group of multiple alleles with plant height enhanced to different extents and some may have a height close to the ideal plant height for wheat breeding. Therefore, these results offer a fundamentally new approach for the exploitation of dominant dwarfing sources in wheat breeding.     

八棱海棠耐盐碱性评价

为探明八棱海棠的耐盐碱性种质资源价值,以实生苗为试材,采用水培的方法评价了八棱海棠耐盐性和耐碱性.结果表明:1)0.4％ NaCI处理30 d时,八棱海棠的盐害指数为51.1,根据耐盐性评价标准判定为中等耐盐型树种;其实生个体间存在广泛的抗性分离现象,极强、强、中、弱和极弱耐盐型植株分别占群体总数的20.6％、23.9％、37.0％、12.0％和6.5％.2)pH9.5碱处理(Na2CO3)30 d时,八棱海棠的碱害指数为16.3,根据耐碱性评价标准判定为极强耐碱型树种;其实生个体间存在广泛的抗性分离现象,极强、强、中、弱和极弱耐碱型植株分别占群体总数的79.1％、15.3％、4.2％、1.4％和0％.八棱海棠中存在极强耐盐型和极强耐碱型植株,是优异的耐盐/碱型种质资源树种.     

油菜茎秆径向压缩特性试验研究

[目的]为了研究油菜茎秆在脱粒过程中的破碎机理,寻找减少油菜脱粒过程中茎秆破碎的控制策略.[方法]利用微机控制万能材料试验机对油菜茎秆进行径向全压缩和局部压缩试验.对油菜茎秆的径向弹性系数和力学特性进行了测量,对不同曲率半径压头对油菜茎秆局部压缩力学特性的影响进行了研究.[结果]试验结果表明,油菜茎秆径向压缩屈服之前有一个线弹性阶段,茎秆受力与形变表现出良好的线性关系,油菜茎秆径向截面弹性系数为kτ=(1.14±0.16)N/mm;油菜茎秆局部压缩试验中油菜中部主茎秆的屈服极限平均值为150.55 N;通过对油菜茎秆全压缩试验和局部压缩试验对比发现,全压缩试验中油菜茎秆直接被压溃,无明显屈服阶段,茎秆的破碎主要是由于所受载荷超过了茎秆纤维层之间的约束力,其裂痕方向与茎秆轴向平行;油菜茎秆局部压缩试验中,不同曲率半径的压头对茎秆径向压缩受力影响显著,茎秆在相同形变下,曲率半径越大,茎秆受力越大.[结论]建立了油菜茎秆径向压缩理论计算模型,对油菜茎秆所受径向压力的实测值与理论模型计算值对比,发现理论值与实际值的增长趋势一致,验证了该茎秆受力计算模型的可行性.     

高校图书馆信息素质教育内容和模式研究

阐述了信息素质教育的基本概念,分析了大学生信息素质教育的必要性,主要对高校图书馆信息素质教育的内容和模式进行了探讨。     

中职学校计算机课程教学改革探析

计算机课程是中职学校的教学内容,通过对中职学校计算机课程教学形式和实践操作的教学改革方法进行分析,发现将理论知识和实践操作结合更有利于提高中职计算机课程的教学效果。     

聚合亚种间育性亲和基因的广谱亲和性水稻品系选育与初步利用

为克服亚种间杂交稻的各种生殖障碍,从Akihikari//IR36/Dular杂交后代中选育出在ga11和S5、S7、S8、S9、S15、S16位点上聚合有不同育性亲和基因的品系.经测交分析,2个品系聚合可改良亚种间杂交稻花粉育性的雄配子亲和基因ga11-n和6个雌配子亲和基因S5-n、S7-n、S8-n、S9-n、S15-n和S16-n,另2个品系聚合了6个雌配子育性亲和基因.育成品系与测验种杂交F1的育性检测表明,这些品系能消除各种雌、雄配子导致的败育障碍.2个粳型育成品系与籼型两用核不育系S27配制的杂种与汕优63相比具有明显的产量优势.这些品系可用作亚种间杂交稻育种的亲本或有利基因供体.     

长白山牛皮杜鹃组培苗与野生苗药用成分含量分析

采用HPLC法与紫外分光光度法分别测定了长白山牛皮杜鹃组培苗与野生苗中主要药用成分芦丁与单宁酸的含量。结果表明,芦丁在野生苗两年生老叶中含量最高,为2.54mg/g,野生苗嫩叶含量为1.68mg/g,愈伤组织含量为0.16mg/g,组培苗含量为0.08mg/g,组培叶含量为0.03mg/g,根中未检测到芦丁成分。单宁酸在野生苗老叶中含量最高,为91.54mg/g,野生苗嫩叶含量为45.87mg/g,野生苗根中为24.58mg/g,愈伤组织中含量为13.51mg/g,组培苗中含量为10.32mg/g,组培叶中含量为17.46mg/g。野生苗中芦丁与单宁酸含量均高于组培苗。     

酶制剂对水稻秸秆青贮发酵品质及体外消化特性的影响

为探讨纤维素酶、木聚糖酶及两种酶组合添加对水稻秸秆青贮过程中结构性、水溶性碳水化合物组分含量及体外消化特性和发酵品质的影响,试验设4个处理组:1)0.3%蒸馏水(对照组,CO);2)0.3%纤维素酶(CE);3)0.3%木聚糖酶(XE);4)0.15%纤维素酶+0.15%木聚糖酶(组合酶组,CX),分别于青贮3、7、14、30 d后取样分析。结果表明,与CO相比,CE、XE和CX组显著提高了乳酸、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量,显著降低了pH值、氨态氮、总挥发性脂肪酸、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、纤维素和半纤维素含量,减少了干物质损失(P<0.05)。酶制剂显著提高了水稻秸秆青贮饲料24、48和72 h时的累积产气量和干物质体外消化率(P<0.05)。青贮末期CX组有最高的乳酸含量(34.13 g·kg^-1DM)、体外产气量(68.27 mL)、干物质体外消化率(61.31%)和最低的pH值(4.36)。与CE和XE相比,CX组水溶性碳水化合物(葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖)含量更高。综上所述,添加酶制剂可促进结构性碳水化合物的降解,提高水溶性碳水化合物的含量,改善水稻...