硝酸钙在底泥修复中的作用机理及

受污染底泥的修复已经成为水环境修复中的重要组成部分，在底泥中注入硝酸钙则是近十多年来发展起来的一种污染底泥原位处理技术。全面分析了硝酸钙在底泥修复中去除有机物、抑制磷的释放以及消除水体黑臭现象的机理，并介绍了这一技术在国内外的研究和应用状况。研究成果表明：在底泥中注入硝酸钙的技术已从实验室和中试研究阶段发展到了实际的工程动作阶段，并且在有机物PAHS的降解和硫化物的去除方面已经得到了很好的效果。     

冬枣黑点病病原鉴定

冬枣黑点病主要为害冬枣果实,在果面上产生黑斑,影响果实的外观及品质。2004~2005年连续2年对河北省黄骅市的不同枣区采集的病果进行分离接种及再分离,结果证实冬枣黑点病病原为:桑壳小圆孢菌(ConiothyriumfucsidulumSacc)、仁果茎点霉(Phoma pomirumThüm)以及细极链格孢(Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissler),其中(Conio-thyrium fucsidulumSacc)和(Phoma pomirumThüm)既可单独侵染,也可混合侵染,(Alternaria alternata)只参与混合侵染。     

牦牛G蛋白信号转导调节因子2克隆及序列分析

为了初步探讨牦牛RGS2基因的结构和功能,试验采用RT-PCR方法及TA克隆法得到麦洼牦牛RGS2基因,并运用不同的生物信息学软件对序列进行分析。结果表明:牦牛RGS2基因系列含1个540 bp的开放阅读框,共编码178个氨基酸,Gen Bank数据库中登录号为FJ786041。编码Phe的密码子UUU、编码Leu的密码子UUG、编码Ile的密码子AUU等20种密码子为该基因的偏好性密码子,确定的27种最优密码子均以G或C结尾。RGS2氨基酸序列与普通牛、绵羊、山羊相似性分别为99.5%、96.3%、96.1%。系统发育树上,牦牛与普通牛聚在一起,亲缘关系最近。     

Nitrogen Deficiency Limited the Improvement of Photosynthesis in Maize by Elevated CO2 Under Drought

Global environmental change affects plant physiological and ecosystem processes. The interaction of elevated CO2, drought and nitrogen （N） deficiency result in complex responses of C4 species photosynthetic process that challenge our current understanding. An experiment of maize （Zea mays L.） involving CO2 concentrations （380 or 750 μmol mol1, climate chamber）, osmotic stresses （10% PEG-6000, -0.32 MPa） and nitrogen constraints （N deficiency treated since the 144th drought hour） was carried out to investigate its photosynthesis capacity and leaf nitrogen use efficiency. Elevated CO2 could alleviate drought-induced photosynthetic limitation through increasing capacity of PEPC carboxylation （Vp~,x） and decreasing stomatal limitations （SL）. The N deficiency exacerbated drought-induced photosynthesis limitations in ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 partially alleviated the limitation induced by drought and N deficiency through improving the capacity of Rubisco carboxylation （Vmax） and decreasing SL. Plants with N deficiency transported more N to their leaves at elevated CO2, leading to a high photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency but low whole-plant nitrogen-use efficiency. The stress mitigation by elevated CO2 under N deficiency conditions was not enough to improving plant N use efficiency and biomass accumulation. The study demonstrated that elevated CO2 could alleviate drought-induced photosynthesis limitation, but the alleviation varied with N supplies.     

沙漠地区飞播沙拐枣种子丸粒化研究

针对飞播种子丸粒化存在的不足,本文选择沙拐枣为研究对象,通过各种原料配比对崩解时间的影响,确定了种子丸粒化的配方。该配方使种子重量增加了4～6倍,不仅解决了种子随风漂移的问题,而且也解决了种子崩解、营养、供水的问题,从而提高了种子的发芽率和成活率。     

The contribution of root respiration of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus koraiensis</Emphasis> seedlings to total soil respiration under elevated CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentrations

The impacts of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations (500 μmol·mol⁻¹ and 700 μmol·mol⁻¹) on total soil respiration and the contribution of root respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were investigated from May to October in 2003 at the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin Province, China. After four growing seasons in top-open chambers exposed to elevated CO₂, the total soil respiration and roots respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were measured by a Li-6400-09 soil CO₂ flux chamber. Three PVC cylinders in each chamber were inserted about 30 cm into the soil instantaneously to terminate the supply of current photosynthates from the tree canopy to roots for separating the root respiration from total soil respiration. Soil respirations both inside and outside of the cylinders were measured on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. The results indicated that: there was a marked diurnal change in air temperature and soil temperature at depth of 5 cm on June 16, the maximum of soil temperature at depth of 5 cm lagged behind that of air temperature, no differences in temperature between treatments were found (P>0.05). The total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed showed strong diurnal and seasonal patterns. There was marked difference in total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed between treatments (P<0.01); Mean total soil respiration and contribution of root under different treatments were 3.26, 4.78 and 1.47 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, 11.5%, 43.1% and 27.9% on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-SW-01) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070158). Biography: LIU Ying (1976-), female, Ph. D. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

新围垦滩涂防护林树种选择及造林关键技术研究

新围垦滩涂防护林树种选择及造林一直是林业科研生产中的难点之一。在防护林树种试验过程中,依据生态学原理,通过采用一系列生物、工程和管理措施,提高了造林试验树种的成活率,探索出入侵生物水葫芦的应用途径及特困立地造林的有效措施,也为沿海防护林体系建设提供了可借鉴的经验。     

华北沙地小黑杨林生物量及其与树冠关系的研究

应用相对生长法和典型样方调查法对华北沙地不同密度、不同年龄的小黑杨人工林生物量和生产力进行了估算,同时对树冠与生物量的关系进行了研究。结果表明:密度为1 000株· hm^-2、500株· hm^-2、250株· hm^-2的小黑杨林分(27年生)的生物量分别为85.31 t·hm^-2、102.60 t·hm^-2、86.74 t·hm^-2;生产力分别为3.16 t·hm^-2·a^-1、3.80 t·hm^-2·a^-1、3.21 t·hm^-2·a^-1,密度500株· hm^-2为华北沙地小黑杨的合理密度。不同密度小黑杨不同器官生物量所占的比例差异不明显,地上部分生物量在83% - 86%之间,其中干57% - 62%,枝11% - 16%,叶2% - 3%,皮8% - 10%;地下部分生物量在14% - 17%之间。对不同年龄小黑杨的生物量和生产力研究表明,27年生的比23年生的分别高59.74%和36.20%。同时,23年生小黑杨的根、叶所占比例明显高于27年生的根、叶比例,但是干生物量所占比例低于27年生小黑杨,反映了23年生小黑杨的生物量和生产力处在快速生长期,小黑杨的轮伐期应在27年以后。小黑杨生物量与树冠之间存在极显著的相关关系,其中树干生物量与树冠指数之间可以用线性模型y=ax+b描述,利用遥感技术可以反映小黑杨林树干生物量,为进一步利用遥感预测小黑杨木材材性提供了重要的基础数据。     

新旧版便携式林业机械和园林机械振动测定规范国际标准的分析与研究

通过对2011年版便携式林业机械和园林机械振动测定规范ISO 22867与其2004年版本的对比分析与研究,归纳总结了新旧版国际标准变化的主要技术内容并提出了建议。     

河北省核桃生产的波动性分析

利用年度统计数据,首先对河北省核桃生产变动及在全国的地位作了动态比较分析;其次对河北省核桃产量与单产和结果面积关联度进行了计算,发现产量与结果面积的关联度高于产量与单产的关联度;最后,对核桃短期和长期波动进行研究,发现核桃生产平均每3.8年经历一个波动周期,结果面积的长期波动性大于单产的长期波动性。研究结果对于河北省的核桃生产有指导意义。