天然植物生长调节剂芸苔素的生物活性及应用浅析

天然芸苔素属于甾体类植物内源生物活性物质,其骨架为甾醇,其中芸苔素内酯生物活性最强,被称为第六类植物激素,是高效、广谱、无毒的植物生长调节剂(PGR)。为更好地将芸苔素推广应用于农业生产,本文概括了芸苔素内酯的生物活性及在粮食、果蔬等作物上的应用。探讨了芸苔素内酯在提高种子活力,促进作物生长,大幅度促进产量提升以及品质改善,提升作物抗逆性,缓解农药对作物影响的研究概况及取得的进展,指出了芸苔素内酯的应用是作物增产增收的关键途径,同时,能够减少化肥、农药的施用量,减少作物种植成本与减轻环境污染,将带来显著的经济效益。     

海绵校园建设中不同绿地类型雨水蓄滞能力研究

为应对校园内每逢下雨便会产生的积水问题,以宝鸡文理学院东校区为例,用称重法测定不同植被条件下0～30 cm平均土壤含水率的变化,并分析不同绿地类型的分布特征,用SPSS 20.0等相关软件对测量数据进行统计分析。结果表明,平均土壤含水率表层(0～10 cm)亚表层(10～20 cm)20～30 cm土层;乔木林地雨后平均土壤含水率表现为银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)雪松[Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G.Don]樱花树(Cerasus yedoensis)龙爪槐(Sophora japonica)柿子树(Diospyro skaki Thunb)红叶李(Prunus cerasifera);灌草地雨后平均土壤含水率表现为红叶石楠(Photinia×fraseri Dress)复层植被草坪金竹(Phyllostachys sulphurea)大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus Thunb)。疏林较密林更容易吸收降水量,乔木林地较灌草地含有高水分值,而草地较稠密灌木林地来说更易减少降水的流失。     

低钾胁迫对孔雀草防御性酶活性的影响

采用水培方法,设置5个不同供钾水平0.32、0.22、0.12、0.02、0.00 g/L,研究孔雀草(Tagetes patula L.)防御性酶对低钾胁迫的响应。结果表明,随着钾浓度的逐渐降低,孔雀草过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性逐渐增高,丙二醛(MDA)含量急剧增加,根质膜透性随钾浓度降低而升高。这说明低钾胁迫下孔雀草的防御性酶活性逐渐增加。     

棉籽粕脱毒技术及其在畜禽生产中的应用

棉籽粕中粗蛋白的含量较高,是较好的蛋白饲料资源之一。但棉籽粕中的游离棉酚(FG)等抗营养因子限制了棉籽粕的应用,利用物理、化学、生物等脱毒方式可显著降低棉籽粕中FG含量,提高其饲用价值。文章对棉籽粕的营养特性、常用的脱毒方法及其在畜禽生产中的应用情况进行综述,以期为棉籽粕在畜禽生产中的合理利用提供参考。     

Potential of indigenous Bacillus spp. as probiotic feed supplements in an extruded low‐fish‐meal diet for juvenile olive flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

A 12‐week feeding trial was designed to assess the probiotic potential of indigenous Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and/or Bacillus subtilis singly or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis in an extruded feed for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) juveniles. A high fish meal (FM) diet (control) and a low‐FM diet containing an alternative protein blend (30% FM replacement, FM30) were formulated. Three other experimental diets were prepared by inclusion of B. amyloliquefaciens (BA), B. subtilis (BS), or a mixture of B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, and B. licheniformis (BASL) into FM30 diet, with a final concentration of 10⁶ CFU/g diet. Results indicated that the FM30 diet was well tolerated by flounder, and the overall performance was not affected by dietary treatments. Lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulin level were significantly reduced in flounders when fed with the FM30 diet compared with the BASL and BA diets, respectively. The Bacillus additives neither enriched the relative abundance of the corresponding Bacillus spp. in the relevant gut microbiota of olive flounder nor modulated the presumptive gene functions of the gut microbiome. Despite the absence of growth‐promoting effect, the tested probiotics could still be economically viable for use as immunostimulants in commercial flounder diets with partial FM replacement.     

不同氮效率型苜蓿氮素吸收差异与根系形态的关系及其对氮的响应

以高效型苜蓿（‘龙牧806’‘肇东苜蓿’）和低效型苜蓿（‘公农1号’‘陇东苜蓿’）为试验材料，采用营养液砂培法，在4个供氮量下（2.1，21，210和420 mg·L^-1），研究紫花苜蓿苗期氮素吸收、分配的氮效率型差异及其与根系形态之间的关系。结果表明高效型苜蓿品种的株高、地上生物量、根重、总根长和根体积均显著高于低效型品种（P<0.05）；供氮量较低时（2.1和21 mg·L^-1），高效型向根系分配了较大比例的氮素，而低效型则向地上部分配了较大比例的氮素，根系形态参数与总氮量呈显著正相关（P<0.05），且根重对氮素吸收的直接作用较大，直接通径系数是1.230和1.102。因此，在氮胁迫下，根系形态对氮吸收效率起重要作用，尤其是根系形态中的根重对其影响较大。     

Quantifying key model parameters for wheat leaf gas exchange under different environmental conditions

The maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco(V_(cmax)) and maximum rate of electron transport(J_(max)) for the biochemical photosynthetic model, and the slope(m) of the Ball-Berry stomatal conductance model influence gas exchange estimates between plants and the atmosphere. However, there is limited data on the variation of these three parameters for annual crops under different environmental conditions. Gas exchange measurements of light and CO_2 response curves on leaves of winter wheat and spring wheat were conducted during the wheat growing season under different environmental conditions. There were no significant differences for V_(cmax), J_(max) or m between the two wheat types. The seasonal variation of V_(cmax), J_(max) and m for spring wheat was not pronounced, except a rapid decrease for V_(cmax) and J_(max) at the end of growing season. V_(cmax) and J_(max) show no significant changes during soil drying until light saturated stomatal conductance(gssat) was smaller than 0.15 mol m~(–2) s~(–1). Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in m during two different water supply conditions separated by gssat at 0.15 mol m~(–2) s~(–1). Furthermore, the misestimation of V_(cmax) and J_(max) had great impacts on the net photosynthesis rate simulation, whereas, the underestimation of m resulted in underestimated stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and an overestimation of water use efficiency. Our work demonstrates that the impact of severe environmental conditions and specific growing stages on the variation of key model parameters should be taken into account for simulating gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Meanwhile, modification of m and V_(cmax)(and J_(max)) successively based on water stress severity might be adopted to simulate gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere under drought.     

立体栽培生产线系统开发

日光温室占我国设施园艺总面积逐年提升,但如今日光温室土地利用效率却相当低下。目前设计用来提高土地利用率的机器还相对较少。本设计通过在三维仿真软件Solid Works仿真后,主要提供了一种新的立体栽培生产线系统,该种植机械采用钢架结构,简单的链条传动,能满足栽培植物的需光量,并且能提高土地利用率至原来的2.1倍左右。     

子莲主要农艺性状与产量的相关及通径分析

对7 份子莲材料的主要农艺性状与产量进行相关及通径分析。结果表明：子莲11 个主要农艺性状与产量相关性强
弱为：莲蓬数＞花托直径＞单粒鲜莲子质量＞单个鲜花托质量＞平均心皮数＞鲜果实横径＞结实率＞叶柄粗＞鲜果实纵径＞
叶片长半径＞叶柄高。其中，莲蓬数、花托直径和单粒鲜莲子质量与产量呈极显著或显著正相关。从通径分析结果来看，莲
蓬数、单个鲜花托质量、结实率、平均心皮数对子莲产量的影响主要取决于直接作用；花托直径、鲜果实横径、鲜果实纵径、
叶柄粗对子莲产量的影响主要取决于间接作用；而叶柄高、叶片长半径、单粒鲜莲子质量对子莲产量的影响则通过直接和间
接共同起作用。综合以上分析，提高子莲产量的主攻方向是提高单位面积莲蓬数、单个鲜花托质量、平均心皮数和结实率，
同时兼顾花托直径、单粒鲜莲子质量的增加，并协调好它们之间的关系。