入侵杂草小飞蓬和钻形紫菀种子风传扩散生物学特性研究

种子的风传扩散是菊科入侵杂草的主要扩散方式之一,植物自身的传播特性和外在环境因子决定了种子扩散格局。从种子释放高度、沉降速度、脱落行为等内在因子出发,研究了两种在我国广泛分布的典型菊科入侵种小飞蓬和钻形紫菀自身的传播特性与风传扩散特征的关系。结果表明,小飞蓬和钻形紫菀的沉降速度均较小,分别为41.4cm·s-1和30.7cm·s-1,在空中停留时间长,且种子的脱落方式为非随机脱落,脱落概率大致与风速的平方成正比;种子的释放高度在种群内部存在很大的差异,显著影响种子的扩散距离。相比而言,小飞蓬种子的沉降速度大、释放高度高、远距离扩散（〉100m）的概率大,扩散距离更远。研究表明了植物自身的传播特性对种子风传扩散的重要性,也为其他菊科入侵杂草种子风传扩散的研究提供了科学依据。     

陕北安塞县马家沟流域近20 a来土地利用变化分析

汶川地震触发了大量次生山地灾害,震后山地灾害活动风险对灾区的发展规划决策有着重要的参考价值。通过对四川境内震后灾区基础资料的分析和研究,分别对灾区的44个县(市)进行了山地灾害危险性、易损性和风险评价,并以震后灾害点密度对危险性评价结果进行了验证,结果发现二者之间具有线性函数关系。评价结果表明,高度危险区集中于龙门山断裂附近,并且呈现明显的带状分布,面积比例为39.8%;极高易损和高度易损区则主要分布于成都、绵阳、德阳、雅安等大城市周边地区,面积比例为13.1%;高度风险区则主要位于龙门山腹地向山前平原的过渡带,属于高度危险和高度易损的结合部位,面积比例为11.0%。高风险区是今后恢复重建和发展规划中需要重点关注的地区;中度风险区由于灾后恢复重建的推进,其承灾体的易损性将会上升,容易导致其向高度风险转化,也要给予重视。     

控释肥对马铃薯生长及土壤酶活性的影响

通过马铃薯田间试验,研究了控释肥对马铃薯生长和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与普通肥料相比,控释肥有利于提高马铃薯的株高、茎粗和叶绿素含量,分别提高5.94%,9.04%,5.55%,且控释肥减量20%仍不影响其促进作用。施用控释肥和普通化肥都可以促进土壤酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,但控释肥平均比普通肥料的促进作用分别提高10.2%和14.62%,控释肥显著优于普通肥料;控释肥可促进脲酶活性,平均提高15.7%,而普通肥料会对其产生抑制;控释肥处理会对土壤过氧化氢酶活性造成一定的抑制作用,使其活性平均降低11.13%。与其他控释肥处理相比,控释肥减量20%,对脲酶活性的促进作用减小了9.41%,对酸性磷酸酶的促进作用减小了9.02%,对蔗糖酶的促进作用增加了5.56%,对过氧化氢酶的抑制作用降低了5.2%。     

退化第四纪红粘土重建森林恢复27年后群落多样性及稳定性研究

以严重退化第四纪红粘土为研究对象,选择7种模式重建森林恢复27a后的群落多样性及稳定性进行研究,结果表明不同重建模式27a后群落Marglef丰富度指数R为封育马尾松林分>谷坊马尾松林分>竹节沟湿地松林分>种草竹节沟马尾松林分>无谷坊马尾松林分>竹节沟马尾松林分>强烈干扰马尾松林分,而Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H、Simpson优势度指数P和Pielou均匀度指数J均表现为封育马尾松林分、种草竹节沟马尾松林分、竹节沟湿地松林分较大,而竹节沟马尾松林分、谷坊马尾松林分、无谷坊马尾松林分较小。群落稳定性大小顺序为竹节沟马尾松林分>无谷坊马尾松林分>谷坊马尾松林分>封育马尾松林分>种草竹节沟马尾松林分>竹节沟湿地松林分。     

斯美地熏蒸土壤防除烟草苗床杂草和病虫害研究

田间试验示范和室内外测定证明：３２．７％斯美地５０ｍｌ／ｍ＾２能够有效防除烟草苗床常见杂草,其除草效果达８６．１％（与溴甲烷效果相当）,比手工除草节约用工率８４．３％,斯美地５０．７５,１００ｍｌ／ｍ＾２的除草效果差异不显著,其用药量以５０￣７５ｍｌ／ｍ＾２为宜。     

Seasonality and photoperiod influence in vitro production of buffalo embryos

Buffalo is considered short-day breeder in tropical and subtropical part of the world and seasonality and photoperiodism impart major influence on its fertility. However, its impact on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of seasonal variations and photoperiodism on morphological and molecular parameters of IVEP in buffalo. For this purpose, we conducted two different experiments on the oocytes obtained by aspirating follicles from abattoir derived ovaries. In Exp. I, retrospective analysis was performed for oocyte recovery, blastocyst and hatching rate, during four consecutive seasonal periods (i.e. January–March, April–June, July–September and October–December). In Exp. II, oocytes from peak breeding and non-breeding seasons were subjected to 24 hr in vitro maturation and evaluated for polar body extrusion to assess maturation rate. Results showed that embryo development was markedly low during second quarter (April–June) and maximum during fourth quarter (October–December) of the year; referred as non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Comparative data analysis demonstrated that poor oocyte quality is major reason for lesser efficiency of embryo production during non-breeding season than peak breeding season as suggested by poor oocyte recovery (2.31 ± 0.10 vs. 3.65 ± 0.27) and maturation rate (33.32 ± 2.1 vs. 63.15 ± 7.31). Subsequently, comparative gene expression analysis of blastocysts during peak breeding season significantly upregulated pluripotency gene (OCT-4) and downregulated heat shock protein 90, as compared to non-breeding season. Therefore, it could be divulged from the present study that seasonal variations and photoperiodism have profound effect on oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development. It is recommended to find suitable additives for in vitro maturation that could mitigate seasonal effects.     

Introduction and elimination of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in a commercial beef herd: a case study

Routine Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) monitoring of a commercial beef herd in southern New South Wales over a 10-year period provided an opportunity to assess the impact of the introduction of BVDV on that herd. BVDV antibody testing provided strong evidence that the herd was initially free of BVDV (2009–2011). Testing from 2012 suggested BVDV had been introduced into the herd and this was confirmed in 2015 with the identification of persistently infected (PI) animals. Having become established in the herd, the owners then set out to eliminate BVDV from the herd. Antigen testing aimed at identifying PI animals revealed BVDV was already absent from the herd. Subsequent antibody testing confirmed that the herd was now free from BVDV. Despite the incursion of BVDV in this herd, there was little measurable impact on reproductive performance (pregnancy rates), although suspected increased calf losses from birth to calf marking were reported. This is the first time such self-clearance has been documented as part of a longitudinal study under Australian conditions.     

黄土高原北部坡梁地微地形气候的温度变化特征研究

用多个热敏电阻温度计对准格尔旗五道敖包坡梁地不同部位离地面30,80,150cm的气温进 行测定,结果表明,黄土高原的沟壑地形中,同海拔高度南坡的温度较北坡高,有的高出0．3-0．5℃。近 地面30cm的日平均气温一般高于150cm,有的位点白天温度平均高1．0℃,尤以光照条件好地方明 显;而夜间近地面的温度相对较低。地形影响到温度差异,同时影响到降水的重新分配,进而将影响 到作物的生长发育。     

“入世”后吉林省玉米国际竞争力的研究

从价格因素、质量因素、流通因素、政策因素和区位优势的比较与评价中，对吉林省玉米的贸易形势及加入WTO后对其影响做了系统分析和预测，并提出了提高吉林省玉米竞争力的对策。     

中国梧桐科植物花粉类型的研究

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对中国梧桐科22属59种的花粉进行形态观察,根据其花粉萌发孔的数目、形状、位置和花粉表面纹饰等,可以将它的花粉分为12个花粉类型:1.苹婆类型(Sterculia—type)、2.银叶树类型(Heritiera—type)、3.蛇婆子类型(Waltheria—type)、4.梭罗树类型(Reevesia—type)、5.滇桐类型(Craigia—type)、6.昂天莲类型(Ambroma—type)、7.刺果藤类型(Byttneria—type)、8.午时花类型(Pentapetes—type)、9.翅子树类型(Pterospermum—type)、10.山芝麻类型(Helicteres—type)、11.鹧鸪麻类型(Kleinhovia—type)、12.灾绳树类型(Eriola-ena—type)。本文从花粉学的观点,对中国梧桐树花粉类型的划分进行讨论。