高职动物医药专业“123”实践教学体系改革与实践

为了顺应"工学研融合"人才培养模式的发展要求,根据动物医药专业人才培养目标定位,提出了"123"递进式实践教学模式,从优化实践教学内容、搭建多层次实践教学平台、改革实践教学模式、打造"三能型"师资队伍、改革考核评价体系、建立"三级监督、三方联运"的监督保障体系等方面着手,对动物医药专业实践教学体系进行改革并付诸实践,使动物医药专业人才培养质量明显提高。     

Seasonality and photoperiod influence in vitro production of buffalo embryos

Buffalo is considered short-day breeder in tropical and subtropical part of the world and seasonality and photoperiodism impart major influence on its fertility. However, its impact on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of seasonal variations and photoperiodism on morphological and molecular parameters of IVEP in buffalo. For this purpose, we conducted two different experiments on the oocytes obtained by aspirating follicles from abattoir derived ovaries. In Exp. I, retrospective analysis was performed for oocyte recovery, blastocyst and hatching rate, during four consecutive seasonal periods (i.e. January–March, April–June, July–September and October–December). In Exp. II, oocytes from peak breeding and non-breeding seasons were subjected to 24 hr in vitro maturation and evaluated for polar body extrusion to assess maturation rate. Results showed that embryo development was markedly low during second quarter (April–June) and maximum during fourth quarter (October–December) of the year; referred as non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Comparative data analysis demonstrated that poor oocyte quality is major reason for lesser efficiency of embryo production during non-breeding season than peak breeding season as suggested by poor oocyte recovery (2.31 ± 0.10 vs. 3.65 ± 0.27) and maturation rate (33.32 ± 2.1 vs. 63.15 ± 7.31). Subsequently, comparative gene expression analysis of blastocysts during peak breeding season significantly upregulated pluripotency gene (OCT-4) and downregulated heat shock protein 90, as compared to non-breeding season. Therefore, it could be divulged from the present study that seasonal variations and photoperiodism have profound effect on oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development. It is recommended to find suitable additives for in vitro maturation that could mitigate seasonal effects.     

Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) with the cold complement fixation test for the serodiagnosis of Brucella ovis infection

An enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in sheep is described and compared with the cold complement fixation (CF) test. ELISA was performed in microtiter plates, using horse-radish peroxidase conjugated to anti-normal sheep serum globulins, and hydrogen peroxide plus o-phenylenediamine as substrate. A heated, cell-free B. ovis extract was used as antigen in both tests. ELISA was easier to perform, distinguished better between positive and negative sera, and did not need heat-inactivated sera.     

传统猪场应对非洲猪瘟的生物安全升级改造

洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性传染病,严重危害全球养猪业的发展。我国将其列为一类动物疫病,属于烈性外来疫病,其强毒力毒株对生猪致病率高,致死率为100%。2018年8月,中国首次报告非洲猪瘟疫情,截止目前内地所有省份均受到非洲猪瘟的影响^[1]。非洲猪瘟作为养猪业的头号杀手,事关国民经济平稳运行和生猪产业持续健康发展。猪场因人员、猪只、物资、饲料等频繁出入,如果生物安全防控不理想,感染风险将极高。     

单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的研究进展和应用

单棱苷酸多态性(SNP)是最新发展起来的第三代分子标记，具有密度高、双等位基因、易实现自动化检测等优点。本文重点介绍了SNP的概念、特点、分析检测技术以及SNP的应用。     

广西畜禽现代生态养殖场认证存在问题及对策

为深化生态文明建设成效,推动生态养殖业的整体发展,广西自2016年开始实施畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作,要求2020年全区90%规模养殖场都需要与现代生态养殖标准所符合。目前广西畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作成效显著,在较大程度上推动现代生态养殖业的整体发展。但依然有一些问题存在于畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作中,相关部门及人员需加强重视,及时探索针对性的对策。     

玉米秸秆微贮营养价值的变化及对肉羊生长性能影响的研究

本试验将玉米秸秆进行微贮,检测了微贮后营养价值的变化及其对肉羊生长性能的影响。研究表明,玉米秸秆微贮后,湿润、具酒香味、质地柔软、适口性好,中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、干物质（DM）及酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）值显著下降,粗蛋白（CP）值显著升高。结果显示,微贮玉米秸秆后,营养价值得到有效的改善;玉米秸秆微贮后饲喂肉羊,试验组肉羊日增重较对照组增加21.76 %。     

绿头野鸭与我国主要地方鸭品种遗传多样性研究

利用17个微卫星标记,采用PCR扩增,8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染,对绿头野鸭种群和我国9个主要地方鸭品种的遗传多样性进行了检测,统计了各群体的平均有效等位基因(Ne)、平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)、群体间的遗传距离(Ds)和相似系数(I)。采用UPGMA和NJ法构建系统发生树。结果表明:17个微卫星座位在绿头野鸭种群和我国9个主要地方鸭品种中的多态信息含量均为高度多态,所有鸭种的平均PIC、H、Ne分别为0.6506、0.6896、4.1±1.5,基因多态性和遗传多样性相对较高;家鸭各品种间的遗传距离在0.1631~0.6844范围内,绿头野鸭与家鸭品种间的遗传距离分别在0.3096~0.8219之间。根据系统发育树推断中国主要地方鸭品种不是单一起源于绿头野鸭。中国主要地方鸭品种大致可以分为5支。一支为北京鸭、荆江鸭,一支为中山鸭、建昌鸭及高邮鸭,一支为靖西大麻鸭和金定鸭,连城鸭为一支,绍兴鸭为另一支。     

蓝山灰鹅生态之研究

对湖南省蓝山县的地方良种灰鹅进行了研究,测定了体重、体尺、体温、脉搏、呼吸次数、血液学参数、产蛋性能、屠宰率、羽绒产量等。经对该县不同生态环境中的灰鹅进行比较,发现山区灰鹅在体形外貌、成年体尺、体重、体温、脉搏、呼吸及血液学指数等方面与平原地区灰鹅没有明显差异,但生长发育较慢(P<0.05)、开产迟(p<0.05)、产蛋率低,但羽绒产量和孵化率皆显著高于平原地区(P<0.01和P<0.05),母鹅利用年限也较长(P<0.05)。