中国药用真菌的现状与展望

药用真菌（含真菌药物）的重要性在国内外均已日益受到重视。本文对中国的药用真菌事业作概括说明，对优势与问题作基本分析，同时展望未来，提出目标与措施，即：一、争取在今后四十年左右时间内，在中药领域内出现一类菌物药：二、从人用扩大到兽用；三、为此应努力配合在相关院、校设立药用真菌专业，并成立专业性研究机构。实现以上目标需有关各方共同努力尤需政策扶持：     

套袋材料对乌叶荔枝果实经济性状的影响

用黑色尼龙遮阳网袋(50目)、蓝色尼龙网袋(60目)和外铝箔内纸袋等三种套袋材料对乌叶荔枝果实进行了套袋试验。结果表明,黑色尼龙遮阳网袋效果最好,中午11:30~13:30时段可降低袋内温度2.5~2.0℃,单果重比对照提高7.6%,且对果实品质和商品质量无显著影响;其次为蓝色尼龙网袋,中午时段可降低袋内温度1.9~2.0℃,单果重提高7.6%;外铝箔内纸袋处理导致好果率显著下降,不宜使用。建议选用网目数较少的黑色或蓝色尼龙网袋作为乌叶荔枝果实的套袋材料。     

GM(1,1)建模机理与应用条件分析及其改进方法

GM(1,1)拟合的原始序列为非负齐次指数函数,对任何呈指数变化的序列x(k),可采用x~(0)(k)=x(k)—M或x~(0)(k)=M—x(k)将其转换为非负齐次指数函数变化。GM(1,1)建模的背景值生成Z~(1)=xx~(1)(k)+(1—α)x~(1)(k+1),应满足α=1/α—1/(e~0—1)。当|α|较小时,α非常接近0.5,但当|α|较大时,α偏离0.5值较大,这是在|α|较大时GM(1,1)传统建模方法失效的原因。文中基于建模机理与应用条件的分析,提出了改进的计算方法。     

Cytogenetic Analysis of the Primary Amphidiploid Derived from Interspecific Hybridization in Cucumis and Its Selfed Progenies

Studies on the reproduction and cytogenetic characterization of a primary amphidiploid Cucumis species C. hytivus Chen and Kirkbride (2n = 4x = 38) indicated that a more comprehensive cytogenetic analysis of this species and its first selfed progeny would increase its potential utility in cucumber improvement. With tendrils used as source materials for mitotic analysis, chromosome numbers in all selfed progenies were 2n = 38, confirming chromosomal stability in this synthetic amphidiploid species. Detailed meiotic processes were described by comparing the primary and the selfed amphidiploids.Meiotic abnormalities, such as chromosome lagging, unequal separation, chromosome multi-polarization and polyads were observed frequently in all amphidiploid plants except for the selfed no.8, in which meiosis was arrested prior to metaphase I. Generally, the frequency of multivalents was higher and the configurations were more complex in the selfed progenies, demonstrating a more extensive genetic exchange between cucumber and C. hystrix Chakr. Genome separation between cucumber and C. hystrix was observed through prophase ! to anaphase I in both generations of the amphidiploids. Consequently, in addition to n = 19, a new gamete with n = 7 was produced, which was confirmed by the chromosome counts 2n = 14 in the backcrossing progenies from cucumber × amphidiploid mating. Fertility varied among the selfed amphidiploid plants. The selfed plant no. 1 was found to have an improved fertility (e.g., pollen staining ability 40.8% and 25.6 seeds per fruit) and then was used as source germplasm in further introgression and gene exchange experiments.     

大肠杆菌免疫刺激DNA的克隆及其对抗体产生的影响

利用聚合酶链式反应（Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR）从大肠杆菌基因组中扩增免疫刺激基因，并把扩增的基因片段克隆和pGEM－T载体。PstI酶切结果表明重组质粒（rP）均含有扩增的基因片段；rP1与rP2是相同的重组质粒。利用酶联免疫吸附检测了重组质粒对小鼠产生抗体的影响，结果显示：重组质粒1与牛血清白蛋白（BSA），免疫小鼠能产生较同的抗体水平，而重组质粒3则对小鼠产生的BSA抗体水平没有影响。对重组质粒1的序列分析,克隆的基因片段中富含CpG序列，并含有数个具有强烈免疫刺激作用的RRCGYY（如：AACGTT）序列。本研究为基因免疫机理的深入研究和基因免疫佐剂的开发奠定了基础。     

探讨法律类文献的主题标引

本文探讨了对法律类文献进行主题标引应特别注意的几个问题 ,并举例加以说明     

Flexi-Coil变量播种机使用设置的分析

在对黑龙江省农垦总局精准农业技术试验示范项目中引进的Flexi-Coil变量播种机进行介绍的同时,对其使用设置进行了说明和分析,为该机的使用和我国变量播种机的自主研制提供参考和借鉴.     

实现中国药用真菌事业发展阶段目标的设想

提出了中国药用真菌事业发展阶段目标;明确提出发展药用真菌事业当今首先应确定它应有的归属,对以真菌为起点所研制的新药应有清楚合理的定位.对扩展或成立药用真菌的专业性研究实体和在相应院校内设立相关专业、培养药用真菌专业人才等,试对现有的三类院校所具优势和问题进行初步分析,并已有计划的试行启动.     

我国杨梅种质资源研究进展

概述了我国杨梅属植物种、变种的分类 ,杨梅栽培种的资源整理、分布、分类 ,以及生物技术在杨梅分类遗传研究中的应用等三方面的研究现状 ,并提出开发利用意见