Relationship between Th1/Th2 balance and CD28/CTLA-4 expression on peripheral blood T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

AIM: To investigate the pattern of Th1/Th2 balance in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients and the relationship between CD28/CTLA-4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4) molecule expression and Th1/Th2 balance.METHODS: Eighteen SLE patients met the ARA 1997 updated SLE criteria were selected in the study. According to Bombardier's SLEDAI criteria, all patients were classified into two groups: active group(12 cases) and static group(6 cases). Fourteen normal individuals, matched for age and sex of the patients, served as controls. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in RPMI-1640 culture medium. After treated with PMA(5 μg/L) and ionomycin(500 μg/L) for 72 h, the PBMCs were collected, the contents of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured PBMCs were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression of CD28 and CTLA-4 molecules on T cells were detected by flow cytometric technique with double staining by FITC or PE labeled monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: The level of IL-10 was higher in the PBMCs of active and static SLE patients(351.29 ng/L±153.31 ng/L and 319.37 ng/L±153.39 ng/L) than that in controls(254.48 ng/L±120.69 ng/L), but the difference did not reach statistical significance(P>0.05). The level of IFN-γ was significantly lower in the PBMCs of active SLE patients(25.76 ng/L±16.09 ng/L) than that in controls(50.71 ng/L±27.92 ng/L, P＜0.05). The ratio of IL-10/IFN-γ was significantly higher in active SLE patients(18.74±13.77) than that in controls(6.66±4.95, P<0.05). Either before or after culture, the expression of CD28 molecule on CD3⁺and CD8⁺ T cells from all SLE patients was not remarkably different from that in the cells of controls. Before culture, the expression of CTLA-4 molecule on CD3⁺T cells of active SLE patients(0.79%+0.37%) was significantly lower than that in the cells of controls(1.31%+0.61%, P<0.05). After culture, the expression of CTLA-4 molecule on CD3⁺ T cells of SLE patients was still lower than that in the cells of normal controls without statistical significance(P＞0.05).The expression level of CD28 molecule on CD3⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells in active SLE patients and controls was not correlated with the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the supernatants(P＞0.05). The level of CTLA-4 molecule expression on CD3⁺ T cells of active SLE patients was positively correlated with IFN-γ level(r=0.681, P<0.05), while was negatively correlated with IL-10 levels(r=-0.624,P＜0.05) and the ratio of IL-10/IFN-γ(r=-0.738, P<0.01). The level of CTLA-4 molecule expression on CD3⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells of controls showed no correlation with IFN-γ levels, while showed negative correlations with IL-10 level(r=-0.587, P<0.05; r=-0.563, P<0.05, respectively).CONCLUSION: There is a bias in the differentiation of Th0 cells towards Th2 in SLE patients. CTLA-4 probably plays an important role in this mechanism through suppressing the signal transmitted by CD28.     

不同滴灌量对日光温室番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

为明确京郊日光温室番茄滴灌条件下适宜的灌溉量,以番茄‘欧盾’为试验材料,研究不同滴灌量对其生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明:T1处理产量最高达到113 700 kg/hm2,较对照增产6.5%,果实品质有所提高,水分生产效率提高29.8%;其次是T2处理,较对照增产3.0%,水分生产效率提高54.4%;T3处理较对照产量有所降低。综合产量、品质和水分生产效率等指标,在该试验条件下,单次灌溉24 mm(T1处理)是温室番茄滴灌条件下较适宜的灌溉量。     

晚熟杏新品种‘龙金蜜’

‘龙金蜜’杏是从‘邹平水杏’实生后代中选育出的优质晚熟新品种。果实卵圆形,平均单果质量77.1 g,最大97.9 g;果皮黄色,阳面有红晕;果肉橘黄色,质地细腻汁液丰富,香气浓郁,酸甜爽口;果实可溶性固形物含量14.2%,总糖10.2%,可滴定酸0.98%,品质上等;果实发育期80 d左右。早果丰产性强,3年生树折合产量9 711 kg · hm^-2。栽培适应性广,抗旱、耐瘠薄,综合经济性状优良。     

数字基因表达谱解析草菇子实体的生长发育

为筛选出与草菇子实体发育相关的转录因子,以不同发育时期的草菇子实体为试材,利用数字基因表达谱对不同发育时期的基因进行表达分析。结果表明:获得8个差异表达的Homeobox转录因子,其中5个在草菇原基期阶段上调表达,3个在伸长期阶段下调表达。这些差异表达的转录因子可能参与草菇子实体不同发育阶段的形态建成。     

辣椒雄性不育三系品种江淮8号的选育

江淮8号是以辣椒雄性不育系A-921为母本、甜椒雄性不育恢复系C-097为父本配制的辣椒一代杂交新品种。该品种早中熟,植株高度约65 cm,植株开展度约60 cm,株型紧凑,首花节位10~11节,挂果集中,果实牛角形,青果绿色,果面光滑,果长度12 cm左右,果肩宽度6 cm左右,平均单果质量约65 g,辣味中等。667 m2产量约3 800 kg,抗疫病、炭疽病等病害,耐热耐湿,适应性强。     

三种香料蔬菜的营养及挥发性物质分析

对百里香、罗勒、龙蒿草3种香料蔬菜的营养物质含量及挥发性化学物质成分进行了分析,并与普通蔬菜的文献值进行比较。结果表明:3种香料蔬菜的蛋白质、碳水化合物及无机营养元素钙、铁、锌和硒、维生素C含量比普通蔬菜高,而脂肪、胡萝卜素含量与普通蔬菜相比无明显差异。     

杨梅简易气调保鲜过程中气体成分变化及保鲜效果

以东魁杨梅为试材,研究简易自发气调贮藏(MA)和充氮气调贮藏(NA)条件下,杨梅贮藏小环境中气体成分的变化和对贮藏效果的影响。结果表明:在MA中,乙烯浓度在2d达到高峰;O2前4d浓度急剧下降,后维持在2.48%至1.78%;CO2一直呈上升趋势,试验过程浓度提高了124.3%。在NA中,乙烯高峰出现时间明显推迟、峰高降低;O2浓度维持在2.28%-1.82%,CO2变化与MA相似,浓度提高了131.3%。MA和NA均有效延缓杨梅鲜果的软化变质,减缓果实硬度和总糖的下降速率。贮藏至16d,NA和MA中果实变质率分别比对照下降31.6%和22.5%,硬度比对照增加25.93%和21.98%,总糖含量处理与对照无明显差异。     

武汉市园林绿地群落结构研究

在武汉市城区范围内,采用典型抽样的方法,对武汉市园林绿地植物种类组成、群落结构现状和主要配置模式进行了详细的调查和分析.结果表明:武汉市园林绿地常用绿化植物比较丰富,生长状况良好,植被群落以乔灌草复合结构为主,比例达56.49％,主要的配植模式为常绿乔+落叶乔-常绿灌+落叶灌-草本层.结合武汉市常用的绿化植物建立了3个理想化配置模式,以期为武汉城市园林绿地的规划与管理提供参考依据.     

东莞市"绿韵"生态园区生物变化调查

东莞市"绿韵"生态园区经过近4年的建设,植物种类从原来的175种上升到263种,各类品种资源丰富,布局合理;鸟类、蛙类、蜘蛛、蛇类等野生动物日渐增多,有害昆虫种类数从原来的41种降到36种,主要害虫的种群密度在下降,有益昆虫种类数从原来的8种上升到14种,大多数有益昆虫的种群密度在上升;作物病害的种类数从原来的55种下降到34种,一些主要作物病害发病率在下降。     

小麦白粉菌分生孢子离体后存活时间与温度的定量关系研究

<正>小麦白粉病是我国小麦生产上的重要病害之一,由专性寄生真菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici引起。此病害是典型的气传病害,病菌分生孢子可借助高空气流远距离传播为害~([1]),高空传播距离与病菌的分生孢子存活时间有直接关系,而温度是