鹅星状病毒的分离鉴定及全基因组序列分析

2017年10月—2019年5月,本实验室从广东、四川、河北、山东、安徽、辽宁等广大养鹅地区采集了67份典型雏鹅痛风样品进行了实验室检测以及病原的分离鉴定,检测结果表明：所有样品中均检测到了鹅星状病毒,并且约有94.03%的样品为两个不同种的鹅星状病毒混合感染。病原分离结果表明：鹅星状病毒FLX株的变异株病毒（命名为SCCD）可以在鹅胚上稳定增殖,并且能稳定致死10日龄鹅胚,致病力较鹅星状病毒FLX增强;新型鹅星状病毒株（命名为SDPD）不能在鹅胚和SPF鸡胚上稳定增殖。病毒的基因组测序结果表明：鹅星状病毒FLX株与鹅星状病毒FLX的变异株病毒SCCD株、新型鹅星状病毒SDPD株全基因组核苷酸相似性分别为89.7%、58.1%,ORF1b基因氨基酸相似性分别为98.4%、61.0%,ORF2基因氨基酸相似性分别为81.0%、42.5%。将新分离的鹅星状病毒株接种1日龄健康雏鹅,结果表明,鹅星状病毒SCCD株和鹅星状病毒SDPD株虽然能使雏鹅发生死亡,引起肝炎、肾肿胀和增重减少等变化,但雏鹅均无典型痛风（脏器尿酸盐沉积）表现,而两种鹅星状病毒株混合攻毒能使44%的雏鹅发生典型痛风,并与临床发病症状一致。因此,临床上引起雏鹅痛风的病原可能是两种鹅星状病毒,即新型鹅星状病毒和鹅星状病毒FLX的变异株病毒。     

水稻插秧机常出现的故障与排除方法

总结了水稻插秧机在使用过程中经常出现到的各种故障,并提出排除的方法,以供参考。     

Inflammatory response in rat kidney with contrast-induced nephropathy

AIM：To observe the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in the renal tissue of the rats with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). METHODS：Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=96) were randomly divided into control group (n=48) and CIN group (n=48). The model rats in CIN group were intravenously injected with iodinated contrast media (76% compound diatrizoate injection,10 mL/kg), while the rats in control group were injected with the same volume of saline. Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 5 d, 10 d and 15 d after intravenous injection, respectively, and the blood and kidney samples of the rats were obtained. The renal tubular injury was assessed by histological examination (HE staining). The expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), TNF-α and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels in the renal tissues were semiquantitatively measured by the methods of RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The correlations between the expression of TNF-α, NF-κB and tubular injury score, KIM-1 expression in renal tissue of CIN group were analyzed. RESULTS：The levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in control group were not changed between different time points (P>0.05). The levels of SCr and BUN in CIN group displayed significant increases at different time points (except 15 d) compared with control group (P<0.05). The renal tubular injury score in CIN group was significantly higher at all time points than that in control group (P<0.05). The expression of KIM-1, TNF-α and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels up-regulated significantly at 6 h and the peaking of KIM-1 expression was at 24 h, while the peaking of TNF-α and NF-κB expression was at 48 h in CIN group. The expression of KIM-1,TNF-α and NF-κB was significantly increased in CIN group compared with control group except at 15 d (P<0.05). The expression of TNF-α and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels showed close correlations with renal tubular injury score (r=0.843, 0.758, 0.743 and 0.707, P<0.05). The expression of TNF-α and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels was also positively correlated with KIM-1 expression (r=0.863, 0.807, 0.839 and 0.855, P<0.05). CONCLUSION：The expression of TNF-α and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels in the renal tissues of CIN group is up-regulated and is closely related with renal tubular injury, indicating that the inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of CIN.     

内蒙古地区草地表层土壤容重空间格局分析

本文以内蒙古地区草地表层土壤容重调查测定数据为基础,结合遥感和气候多重数据,进行草地土壤容重与海拔、年均气温、年均降雨、≥10℃积温、湿润度和NDVI等6个生态要素之间的回归分析。根据回归拟合方程,借助ArcGIS平台进行单因素插值,并通过插值预测结果与实测数据的拟合程度进行各因素对土壤容重影响的权重分析,加权叠加并综合插值出内蒙古草地土壤容重1 km×1 km栅格的空间分布图。结果表明：内蒙古地区草地土壤容重平均值为1.45 g·cm^-3,其中温性荒漠类草地的土壤容重最大,为1.58 g·cm^-3,温性草甸草原类土壤容重最小,为1.27 g·cm^-3;空间格局上,草地表层土壤容重自东向西方向呈现由低到高逐渐递增的趋势。综合插值得到的内蒙古草地表层土壤容重空间格局图,通过预测值与实测值之间的复相关性检验,其复相关系数R²=0.6739,均方根误差（RMSE）为0.1424 g·cm^-3,总体偏差为9.77%,平均预测精度达90.23%。综合空间插值结果较好地反映了内蒙古地区土壤容重空间分布情况,与土壤类型和草地类型的分布基本吻合。     

桦褐孔菌对肺癌细胞抗增殖和诱导凋亡观察

用MTT法测定桦褐孔菌抗突变活性成分Inotodiol,对人肺癌A549细胞株的增殖抑制作用,20mg.L-1～80mg·L^-1桦褐孔菌的抗突变活性成分Inotodiol对人肺癌A549细胞株有抑制增殖作用,且表现出浓度和时间依赖关系。在倒置显微镜下、HE染色光学显微镜下、AO/EB双染色荧光显微镜下、透射电子显微镜下观察,肿瘤细胞均有体积变小、有凋亡小体。桦褐孔菌的抗突变活性成分Inotodiol可抑制人肺癌A549细胞株的增殖和诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

梧桐花黄酮的提取及其抑菌、抗病毒效果

以10倍原料质量的60％乙醇在75℃条件下对梧桐花进行浸提,并对总黄酮的含量进行了测定.为了研究梧桐花总黄酮对多种常见畜禽病原的体外抑菌、抗病毒作用,采用培养基打孔法,观察梧桐花总黄酮对致病菌的抑菌作用;采用试管法,检测梧桐花总黄酮的最小抑菌浓度;采用细胞培养技术,检测梧桐花总黄酮对新城疫病毒(NDV)和法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)在细胞内增殖的抗病毒作用.结果显示,梧桐花总黄酮对供试菌均具有抑菌作用,其中对四联球菌、八叠球菌、大肠杆菌、禽波氏杆菌的抑菌效果最好,抑菌直径D＞16 mm;梧桐花总黄酮在3.125 g/L时能够100％抑制NDV在CEF内增殖;梧桐花总黄酮在1.563 g/L时能够100％抑制IBDV在CFE内增殖;梧桐花总黄酮在体外质量浓度为1.563 g/L时可直接灭活所有NDV;梧桐花总黄酮在体外质量浓度为0.781 g/L时可直接灭活所有IBDV.结果表明,梧桐花总黄酮具有体外抑菌和抗病毒作用,为将其研制成新型、绿色环保的中草药制剂提供了试验基础.     

不同蛋白质水平精料对广丰山羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质水平精料对广丰山羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响.选择健康且体重相近的3月龄左右广丰山羊30只,随机分为3组,每组10只(公母各占1/2).3组山羊分别饲喂高(22.87％,H组)、中(19.07％,M组)和低(15.23％,L组)蛋白质水平的精料,粗料均为野生芒草鲜草,精粗比50:50...     

Energy metabolism and apoptotic effect of microwave radiation on rat myocardial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of microwave radiation at different intensities on the rat myocardium and its possible mechanism.METHODS: The rats were radiated by the intensity of 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 W/m² with 2 450 MHz microwave for 6 min. The heart tissue was collected 6 h after microwave radiation. ATP and mitochondria complex Ⅳ and Ⅴ were measured. The changes of the tissue structures were observed under transmission electron microscope. The apoptosis of the myocardial cells was detected by a cell analyzer. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: The concentration of ATP and activity of mitochondria complex Ⅳand Ⅴ signi-ficantly decreased compared with control group in the cardiac tissues. The decreased number, morphological abnormalities such as dissolved cavitation, matrix and obvious tumefaction of mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscope. The microwave radiation induced the apoptosis of myocardial cells in the rats. The cell apoptotic rate and the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 increased with increasing intensity of microwave radiation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Microwave radiation has obvious injury effect on the rat heart, which can cause cardiac energy metabolism dysregulation and cardiac myocyte apoptosis.     

梅州金柚产业分析

金柚产业是梅州最具有区域特色的支柱产业,本文从梅州市金柚的产业现状、发展优势、存在问题作分析,在立足品牌促产业转型升级上进行探索,为做大做强金柚产业提供参考。     

中国蔬菜协会种苗分会成立 助力种苗产业发展

<正>为了促进蔬菜种苗产业规范、有序、健康发展,增进种苗产业内部的沟通协作,中国蔬菜协会成立种苗分会,并于2015年1月19日在山东省寿光市召开成立大会。农业部种植业管理司、全国农业技术推广服务中心、中国蔬菜协会、中国园艺学会有关领导出席会议并讲话,来自全国各地的120个单位、260位代表参加了大会。大会由中国蔬菜协会秘书长柴立平主持,选举产生了中国蔬菜协会