灵芝多糖与三萜类的提取纯化工艺研究进展

多糖和三萜两大类活性物质是灵芝的主要药效成分.本文综述了从灵芝子实体、菌丝体和孢子中提取纯化灵芝多糖和三萜类物质的提取纯化工艺研究现状、研究趋势及研究内容.     

阿魏蘑、白灵菇及杏鲍菇亲缘关系的研究

利用PCR产物克隆测序测定了阿魏蘑、白灵菇与杏鲍菇rDNA内转录间隔区(ITS)的序列,并对所测序列进行分析.结果表明,阿魏蘑、白灵菇和杏鲍菇三者之间具有较近的亲缘关系,白灵菇与杏鲍菇具有非常近的亲缘关系,但阿魏蘑、白灵菇和杏鲍菇为3个不同的种.     

杨梅简易气调保鲜过程中气体成分变化及保鲜效果

以东魁杨梅为试材,研究简易自发气调贮藏(MA)和充氮气调贮藏(NA)条件下,杨梅贮藏小环境中气体成分的变化和对贮藏效果的影响。结果表明:在MA中,乙烯浓度在2d达到高峰;O2前4d浓度急剧下降,后维持在2.48%至1.78%;CO2一直呈上升趋势,试验过程浓度提高了124.3%。在NA中,乙烯高峰出现时间明显推迟、峰高降低;O2浓度维持在2.28%-1.82%,CO2变化与MA相似,浓度提高了131.3%。MA和NA均有效延缓杨梅鲜果的软化变质,减缓果实硬度和总糖的下降速率。贮藏至16d,NA和MA中果实变质率分别比对照下降31.6%和22.5%,硬度比对照增加25.93%和21.98%,总糖含量处理与对照无明显差异。     

坡耕地暴雨结皮对作物生长发育影响的实验研究

采用盆栽和小区试验的方法,经3年试验发现,坡耕地土壤结皮对作物的出苗、生长、产量和生物量等均有不同程度的影响。小麦出苗率、苗高、最大苗高、产量和生物量分别降低了22.06％、4.60％、6.86％、1.16-9.84％和0.74-6.98％;结皮虽对玉米出苗影响不大,但延长了出苗期,使产量和生物量降低了5.66—9.17％和7.17—11.25％,而且随结皮厚度、强度和地表坡度的增加,其影响更为明显。因此,通过增加地面覆盖和雨后人工耕锄以消除结皮,增加产量和保持水土。     

and laminin on adhesion and proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell

AIM:To explore the effects of PMA(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, a tumor promoter, mimicking the action of diacylglycerol on PKC)and laminin on the adhesion and the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and provide a new clue to liver cancer treatment.METHODS:Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(BEL-7402)was used to identify the endogenous laminin and protein kinase C-α(PKC-α) expression, and the effects of laminin and PMA on the adhesion and the proliferation were also investigatedin vitro.RESULTS:By the effect of exogenous laminin, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (BEL-7402) possessed endogenous laminin expression and increased the adhesion and the proliferation, which was showed the synergistic action by the effect of PMA in combination. By the action of PMA alone, the proliferation and the PKC-α expression increased by exogenous laminin were decreased, and the adhesion and the endogenous laminin expression were increased.CONCLUSIONS:The finding suggested that the adhesion and the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell were closely related to the effects of endogenous or exogenous laminin, which were associated with cPKC-α activity. Therefore, the application of anti-laminin antibody in combination with PKC antagonist might be a new clue to find out the therapy for liver cancer.     

2%氨基寡糖防治苹果花叶病

2001年8月应用2%氨基寡糖对苹果花叶病进行了田间防治试验 ,结果表明:2%氨基寡糖水剂稀释300、500倍液,对苹果花叶病防效达93.85%、89.42%。其防效比对照药剂20%病毒A 81.11%的防效高 ,比对照区增产21%、23% ,是防治苹果花叶病较理想的药剂     

转 Bt基因抗虫棉对棉大卷叶螟抗性的研究

:转Bt基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫有很好的抗性,对棉大卷叶螟(SyleptaderogataFabricius)的抗性未见报道。作者研究表明,棉大卷叶螟在棉田为聚集分布型,低龄幼虫有集中为害习性;抗虫棉对其有很好的抗性,平均虫株率为2.2%,较常规棉中棉所12降低96.6%;百株虫量为133.8头,较常规棉降低88.4%。     

玉米疯顶病种子传播研究

连续3a对不同来源的玉米种子,利用显微镜镜检和试种观察植株发病显症的方法,检测其携带玉米疯顶病病菌状况。结果表明,病株病穗籽粒、病株健穗籽粒、病田健株籽粒都有较高的带菌率。因此,病菌随种子调运远距离传播是造成各地病害突发的主要原因。     

Effects of external counterpulsation on renin-angiotensin system and hemodynamics in dogs with myocardial ischemia

AIM:To examine the effect of external counterpulsation(ECP) on renin-angiotensin system(RAS) and hemodynamics in dogs with myocardial ischemia and their relationship. METHODS:Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by occluding the left anterior descending of the dogs. The local renin activity, angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) level, angiotension-converting enzyme(ACE) activity were tested by biochemical methods and hemodynamics was recorded by a 8-channel physiological recorder.RESULTS:Ischemia could actiivate renin,ACE and AngⅡ in cardiovasculature and ECP reduced them except for renin in ischemic myocardium. Ischemia also could activate RAS in lung and kidney, which play an important role on circulating RAS, and ECP reduced them. Furthermore, ECP could improve hemodynamics and there existed a close relationship between local AngⅡlevel and hemodynamics. CONCLUSION:ECP can reduce local RAS and improve hemodynamics in dogs with myocardial ischemia, which might be one of mechanisms underlying the protective effect of ECP on ischemic myocardium.     

Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin attenuated liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin (Se-SPC) on liver injury of mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). METHODS:The mouse model was conducted by intragastric feeding with 2% CCl₄ oil for three times, meanwhile Se-SPC, spirulina phycocyanin (SPC) and Na₂SeO₃ were injected (ip) to various groups for 7 days. Then selenium (Se), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondiaoldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in blood and liver were measured. RESULTS:The level of Se,GPx and SOD activities were obviously higher(P<0.05)but ALT activity,MDA and NO₂^-/NO₃^- levels were remarkably lower(P<0.05)in Se-SPC treated groups than those in CCl₄ groups,and effects of high dose Se-SPC on Se,GPx,MDA and NO₂^-/NO₃^- were even more significant(P<0.01).Under the same dose of Se or protein,effects of all selected targets in Se-SPC groups were more efficient than those in SPC groups and inorganic-Se groups.Furthermore,Se levels had a positive correlation with GPx activity(r=01705),which had negative correlation with levels of MDA,NO₂^-/NO₃^- and ALT(r=-0.629,r=-0.336,r=-0.457,respectively), and positive correlations between ALT activity and MDA or NO₂^-/NO₃^- level were found (r=0.519,r=0.641). CONCLUSION:These results indicated that Se-SPC may attenuate liver injury of mice induced by CCl₄ through its anti-inflammatory action and enhancing selenoenzyme expression.