秦巴山区蜜环菌新菌株“陕蜜2009”选育研究

秦巴山区拥有独特的地理环境和气候,成为中国最大的天麻主产区之一,为保障天麻、猪苓产业稳步发展,课题组从不同生态环境条件的天麻种植区采集蜜环菌资源进行分离纯化,获得资源菌株18个,经过系统选育,筛选出优良菌株ZY-17,命名为“陕蜜2009”。该品种在秦巴山区多年多点的区域试验和生产试验中,表现出伴栽天麻产量高、菌种适应性强、稳定性好的特点。栽培试验表明,该品种伴栽天麻无性繁殖生产,比对照菌株（京-234）增产28.22%;伴栽天麻有性繁殖生产,比对照菌株（京-234）增产28.71%。     

金昌市郊农田土壤重金属的污染特征

以金昌市郊农田表层土壤(0～20 cm)为研究对象,研究了土壤中重金属Zn、Ni、Pb、Cu、Cd的含量情况及可能来源,并对土壤中重金属污染进行了潜在生态风险评估.结果表明,金昌市郊农田土壤重金属的累积现象比较明显,尤其是Cu、Ni,二者的几何平均值均超过了国家土壤环境质量二级标准(GB15618-1995).相关性分析表明Cu与Ni,Pb与Cd之间分别呈显著正相关;Pb与Ni、Cu之间则呈显著负相关.因子分析显示,研究区土壤中的Cu和Ni主要来源于工矿业活动;农业生产活动则对Zn、Cd、Pb的贡献最大.潜在生态风险评估的结果为Pb、Zn这两种元素的潜在生态风险均处于低危害水平,Cd、Cu、Ni则均存在不同程度的潜在生态风险,具体的潜在生态风险排序为Cd＞Cu＞Ni＞Pb＞Zn.     

杏棉间作复合系统对棉花产量及纤维品质的影响

以大田棉花为对照(CK),研究了环塔里木盆地杏、棉间作系统对棉花的产量和纤维品质特性的影响.结果表明:杏、棉间作下棉花的产量及其构成因素相比对照均有不同程度的减小,且随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,其变化呈偏态分布趋势;在杏、棉间作区,棉花的比强度、伸长率和马克隆值明显减少,而纤维长度、整齐度、黄度和纺纱指数则形成了明显的增...     

优化施肥对春小麦产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响

2009 ～ 2010年,在宁夏引黄灌区分别以宁春11号和宁春16号小麦为供试作物,利用田间试验研究了优化施肥(OPT)和习惯施肥(CON)对春小麦产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响,表观评估了土壤—小麦体系氮素平衡.结果表明,相对于CK处理,OPT和CON都显著提高春小麦籽粒产量地上部生物量,并促进籽粒N和地上...     

黄海双船变水层拖网网囊的网目选择性研究

为研究黄海双船变水层拖网网囊的网目选择性,2015年10月在黄海南部进行了网囊网目为40、54、60mm和70mm的套网拖网试验,采用Logistic选择模型和体周估算法对网囊网目选择性进行研究。结果表明,黄海双船变水层拖网渔获主要为蓝点马鲛、银鲳、带鱼、小黄鱼和鳀鱼;随着网囊网目尺寸的增大,逃逸率明显增加;极大似然法估算的模型参数,用AIC值检验拟合良好;估算出以变水层拖网捕捞达到可捕标准的部分经济鱼类相应的网囊网目尺寸,分别为小黄鱼71.0 mm、银鲳103.6mm、带鱼92.3mm、蓝圆鲹63.8mm。在黄海目前的渔业资源现状下,为保护小黄鱼、带鱼和鲐鲹等中小型经济鱼类的渔业资源,建议将双船变水层拖网的最小网囊网目尺寸定为60mm。     

Study on the Changes of Reproductive Hormone and Regulation of Follicle Development During the Reproductive Cycle of Yili Goose in Xinjiang

This experiment was aimed to study the changes of reproductive hormone and regulation of follicle development during the reproductive cycle of Yili goose in Xinjiang. 2 years old Yili goose were chosen which were in good health and similar weight. 32 samples were randomly selected to take blood samples for hormone detection during the laying, broodiness and ceased periods, and 15 samples were randomly selected to gather ovarian tissue for the observation of the development of ovary and follicular. The results showed that during the laying period, the GnRH of the Yili goose was extremely significantly higher than the broodiness and ceased periods of 16.78% and 58.29% (P<0.01);PRL was significantly lower than the broodiness period of 13.00% (P<0.05), and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 28.94% (P<0.01); FSH was higher than the broodiness period of 6.98% (P>0.05),and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 21.12% (P<0.01); LH was extremely significantly lower than the broodiness period of 8.38% (P<0.01),and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 16.84% (P<0.01); E₂ were extremely significantly higher than that the broodiness and ceased periods of 29.80% and 112.40% (P<0.01); P₄ levels were extremely significantly higher than the broodiness and ceased periods of 28.89% and 30.34% (P<0.01). The ovary volume and weight of Yili goose were extremely significantly higher than that of broodiness and ceased periods (P<0.01). In the laying period, the mature follicles of Yili goose were significantly larger than that of the broodiness and resting periods, the number of secondary follicles was more and the number of primary follicles was lesser. Ovarian growth and mature follicle atresia, granule layer shrinkage, inward depression, cytoplasmic cavity, follicular atrophy at all levels in the broodiness period. The follicle cytoplasmic cavity of the ovary was larger in the ceased period than broodiness period, and inward concave further deeper, a large number of primordial follicles evenly arranged. Thus, during the laying period, the responses of GnRH, E₂ and LH of Yili goose were active and played a leading role on the development of ovarian and follicular. PRL and LH maintained a high level of secretion, cooperated to maintain the broodiness behavior during the broodiness period.     

不同基因型燕麦内源激素与灌浆期生理特性之间的关系

为探究内源激素含量对燕麦灌浆过程的影响,分别于2020和2021年,以9个不同基因型的燕麦品种为试验材料,设置大田试验,测定灌浆粒重、灌浆期光合特性、旗叶碳代谢酶(蔗糖磷酸合成酶SPS、蔗糖合酶SS)活性、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA₃)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、脱落酸(ABA)含量及成熟期粒重,通过方差分析和聚类分析,探究不同基因型燕麦灌浆期生理特性、内源激素差异。结果表明：不同品种间,内源激素含量及其他生理特性差异均达显著水平(P<0.05),按照灌浆粒重,将供试的9个品种分为灌浆较强和较弱两类,其中灌浆较强品种到达灌浆盛期的时间较早,灌浆启动时间也早于其他品种;灌浆粒重拟合程度较好,灌浆过程中的净光合速率、碳代谢酶活性较高,粒重优于其他品种;灌浆较强品种单穗粒重较灌浆较弱品种高11.8%～176.5%;灌浆较强品种旗叶IAA、GA₃、ZR含量较灌浆较弱品种高12.6%～118.2%、7.2%～98.0%、21.4%～72.2%,(GA₃+ZR+IAA)/ABA较灌浆较弱品种高39.3%～311.9%。在各内源激...     

种牛精液冷冻和保存效果研究进展

随着养牛业的高速发展,牛精液液体保存技术的研究也在逐步深入。人工授精技术降低了养殖成本,加速了肉牛的繁殖改良,同时还促进了育种工作的进程,合理有效的使用人工授精技术能够提高牛的饲养效益。与此同时,优良的种牛精液品质也是改良的关键,有实验结果表明：遗传、气候环境、饲养管理等因素会影响牛的精液品质[1],同时强制运动也是决定种牛精液品质的关键环节[2]。合理的精液冷冻与保存不仅能发挥优良的精液品质,同时也为人工授精技术的发展提供保障。本文从牛精液新型冷冻保护剂和损伤修复、牛精液冷冻保存添加剂、牛冷冻精在人工受精中的应用、冷冻保存的发展前景等方面总结了我国牛精液冷冻保存技术的研究和发展,以期对今后种牛精液冷冻和保存技术发展有所帮助、提供参考。     

不同衰老类型小麦品种在衰老过程中光合特性的变化

以衰老类型不同的两个小麦品种鲁麦L14和935031为材料,研究了不同衰老类型小麦品种在衰老的过程中光合特性的变化。结果表明:自开花至成熟期,鲁麦L14小麦叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量及光能转化效率的下降速度均明显快于小麦品种935031,但是各相关参数降低的起始时间不同,自开花后30 d鲁麦L14的叶片已经开始干枯,而935031小麦品种到成熟时大部分叶片还保持绿色,说明小麦叶片早衰与光合能力的下降有密切关系。     

高寒草地西北针茅生长发育特征及与气象因子的关系

利用1999～2009年连续11年的定位观测数据,研究了高寒草地西北针茅的生长发育特征与气象因子的关系。结果表明,在3月中旬,如果气温升高,返青日会推迟,这主要因为高温促使土壤水分蒸发,而土壤干旱阻碍返青;返青后,如果≥0℃的积温不足或累计日照时数不足,针茅的抽穗期会推迟;开花期的当日平均气温在10～20℃,如果抽穗-...