陕北黄土高原小流域土壤有效铜分布特征

对黄土丘陵沟壑区不同密度的刺槐林、榆树林、油松林、侧柏林、油松刺槐混交林等林下草本层物种组成及多样性进行了研究,目的是为人工林生态功能恢复评价和植被建设提供理论依据。研究结果表明,该区林下草本植物共有36种,多以阳性植物为主;由于林分树种组成和密度不同,林下草本物种差异较大;林下植被演替大多处于植被演替初级阶段,针阔混交林在物种数量和建种群落上表现最好,其次是油松纯林和刺槐纯林,榆树纯林生境条件最差;无论是丰富度指数还是多样性和均匀度指数,针阔混交林表现最好,其次为刺槐、油松纯林,表现最差的为榆树、侧柏纯林。     

Comparison Analysis of Immune Related Gene of Orf Virus in Sheep and Camels

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of Orf virus (ORFV) immune related genes after infection with different species.The ORFV genomes of sheep and camel were extracted and named ORFV-Y and ORFV-LT,respectively.Based on ORFV genome sequence published in GenBank (accession No.:KF234407.1),three pairs of specific primers were designed and synthesized to amplify the B2L,F1L and VIR gene fragments of ORFV-Y and ORFV-LT,respectively,and the amplified fragments were cloned into pMD19-T vector,transformed into E.coli DH5α competent cells.The recombinant plasmid was identified,and positive clones were selected for sequencing,DNAStar software was used to analyze the homology,amino acid sequence and phylogenetic tree of 13 ORFV genome sequences published on NCBI.The results showed that the nucleotide homology of B2L,F1L and VIR genes were 92.8% to 99.2%,95.7% to 99.5% and 77.6% to 100%,respectively.After comparing the amino acid sequence between the two genomes and the reference sequence,it was found that there were obvious differences in the immune related genes between the two genomes,and F1L gene had some rules to follow.The phylogenetic analysis of B2L,F1L and VIR genes showed that ORFV-Y was closely related to the Chinese Fujian goat strain,while ORFV-LT was far from the reference strains,and was a separate branch.The results showed that ORFV had obvious difference in immune related genes between sheep and camels,it provided a reference basis for further research on the changes of ORFV gene sequences in different species and the development of vaccines for different species in the future.     

烟草茎叶连接强度试验研究

为了降低烟叶机械采收破损率,推进烟草田间生产机械化采收进程,以中烟100为试验材料,在万能试验机上利用自制的烟叶装夹装置对烟草的茎叶连接强度进行了研究,分析了烟叶成熟度、加载速度对茎叶连接强度的影响。结果表明：未熟期烟叶茎叶连接处界面结合强度较大,属于强界面连接;成熟期烟叶茎叶连接处界面结合强度较未熟期下降约29％,属于弱界面连接,此时机械采收易于降低烟叶破损程度;对成熟烟叶的加载速度越大,所需要的茎叶分离力越小,但速度与力不呈线性关系。     

流溪河保护区鱼类群落结构及其时空变动

为了解流溪河光倒刺鲃国家级水产种质资源保护区鱼类群落结构,分析不同河段、不同季节鱼类群落多样性的变化,于2017年12月-2018年10月对保护区上、中、下游的鱼类开展了每个季度一次的调查。调查结果显示,共采集鱼类57种,隶属于5目14科50属,其中鲤形目43种、鲈形目6种、鲇形目5种,合鳃鱼目2种,鳉形目1种;计算57种鱼类的相对重要性指数,结果显示,尼罗罗非鱼、越南■及鲤鱼为2017-2018年度优势种;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数计算结果显示,下游鱼类群落的多样性及均匀度最高,夏季鱼类群落的多样性、丰富度及均匀度最高;各监测点之间的种类相似性系数显示,保护区上中游、上下游之间鱼类种类组成为中等不相似,中下游种类组成为中等相似,春夏、春冬、夏冬及夏秋季节鱼类种类组成为中等不相似,春秋、秋冬季节为中等相似;ABC分析结果显示,春、夏及冬季鱼类群落处于稳定状态,秋季处于中度干扰状态。     

用RAPD标记研究7个猪种间的亲缘关系

试验利用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ技术对互助猪、荣昌猪、甘肃白猪、长白猪、约克夏猪、杜洛克猪、汉普猪共７个品种的ＤＮＡ池进行了多态型研究,分析了各品种间的亲缘关系。结果显示：甘肃白猪虽然是由国外品种和地方品种培育而成,但其亲缘关系更接近于中国猪品种;约克夏猪与其它欧洲猪种亲缘关系较远,这可能与约克夏猪在培养过程中亲本遗传背景较为复杂有关。     

‘清水’苜蓿与‘WL168’杂交后代的表型特征及生理特性

本研究以‘清水’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘Qingshui’）与‘WL168’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘WL168’）的杂交后代选育系RSA-01,RSA-02和RSA-03为研究对象,于种植第5年对其表型特征及生理特性进行观测分析。结果表明：RSA-01,RSA-02地上生物量显著低于‘WL168’（P<0.05）,而RSA-03显著高于‘清水’;RSA-02,RSA-03茎粗显著高于‘清水’和‘WL168’,而茎叶比均低于‘清水’;各形态指标中,茎粗变异系数最小,且RSA-03值最小,为2.17%;通径分析表明,RSA-01,RSA-02和RSA-03的茎叶比、茎粗与其地上生物量的直接通径系数分别为-0.649和0.709,-0.700和0.422,-0.858和0.189,茎叶比、茎粗是影响地上生物量的关键因素;RSA-01,RSA-03的过氧化物酶活性显著低于‘清水’和‘WL168’。与亲本‘清水’相比,RSA-03的地上生物量和茎粗都具有显著的杂种优势,但其抗逆性减弱,该研究结果为后期产量改良及抗逆性研究提供理论依据。     

紫外诱变与羧甲基半胱氨酸复合筛选高产L-精氨酸菌株

为获得L-精氨酸高产菌株,以实验室初步鉴定为格兰氏阳性细菌,菌落特征为金黄色的产全氨基酸菌株为出发菌株,利用紫外线(UV)诱变和精氨酸结构类似物羧甲基半胱氨酸(羧甲司坦)进行复合筛选,得到1株L-精氨酸高产诱变菌株。对所筛选到的高产诱变菌株进行160r/min,30℃摇瓶发酵90h,测得该菌株L-精氨酸的产量为78.79μg/3ml,与出发菌株相比,L-精氨酸的产量提高约3.71倍。经多批次发酵试验进一步验证,所筛选的高产L-精氨酸菌株具有较好的遗传稳定性,此研究不仅对筛选L-精氨酸高产菌株具有一定参考和借鉴意义,对筛选其他类型氨基酸高产菌株也可提供一定参考。     

水培条件下硒对花生幼苗生长和开花及抗氧化酶活性的影响

硒（Se）是人和动物必需的微量元素,土壤环境缺硒可导致人、畜产生诸如白肌病和克山病等多种疾病;而通过施硒肥提高植物尤其是农作物的硒含量,是防治硒缺乏疾病的有效措施之一。花生（Arachis hypogaea）是中国乃至全球最重要的油料作物之一。为通过施硒肥来提高花生产量及其含硒量奠定实验基础和提供可能性,以花生幼苗为材料,采用水培法研究不同浓度硒（Se）对花生幼苗生长和开花及其抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果表明,硒浓度≤0.5 mg/L能促进花生幼苗的生长;其中以0.1 mg/L硒促进花生幼苗生长的效果最好;而硒浓度≤1.0 mg/L促进花生幼苗开花,以浓度为0.5 mg/L时花生幼苗开花数最多,达到27朵/株,约比对照提高90%;但硒浓度≥1 mg/L则抑制幼苗生长,且硒浓度愈高,对花生幼苗生长的抑制效果愈大,幼苗根变粗短,根尖褐化也愈严重,植株开花数显著减少,甚至不开花。与对照相比,低浓度（≤1.0 mg/L）硒可提高花生幼苗的SOD和POD活性,并降低其丙二醛（MDA）含量,但高浓度的硒（≥3 mg/L）则仅在培养初期提高花生幼苗的SOD和POD活性,但随着培养时间的延长,花生植株的POD和SOD活性则不断下降,但其MDA含量则逐渐升高。该结果为今后通过施硒肥来提高花生的含硒量和产量奠定了相关的实验和技术基础。     

Genome Array on Differentially Expressed Genes of Skin Tissue in Cashmere Goat at Early Anagen of Cashmere Growth Cycle Using DNA Microarray

In order to study the molecular mechanism involved in cashmere regeneration, this study investigated the gene expression profile of skin tissue at various stages of the cashmere growth cycle and screen differentially expressed genes at proangen in 10 cashmere goats at 2 years of age using agilent sheep oligo microarray. Significance analysis of microarray （SAM） methods was used to identify the differentially expressed genes, Hierarchical clustering was performed to clarify these genes in association with different cashmere growth stages, and GO （Gene ontology） and the pathway analyses were con-ducted by a free web-based Molecular Annotation System3.0 （MAS 3.0）. Approximately 10200 probe sets were detected in skin tissue of 2-yr-old cashmere goat. After SAM analysis of the microarray data, totally 417 genes were shown to be differentially expressed at different cashmere growth stages, and 24 genes are significantly up-regulated （21） or down-regulated （3） at proangen concurrently compared to angen and telogen. Hierarchical clustering analysis clearly distinguished the differentially expressed genes of each stage. GO analysis indicated that these altered genes at proangen were predominantly involved in collagen fibril organization, integrin-mediated signaling pathway, cell-matrix adhesion, cell adhesion, transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） receptor signaling pathway, regulation of cell growth. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） analysis showed that the significant pathways involved mainly included focal adhesion and extracellular matrixc （ECM）-receptor interaction. Some important genes involved in these biological processes, such as COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, SPARC, CYR61 and CTGF, were related to tissue remolding and repairing and detected by more than one probe with similar expression trends at different stages of cashmere growth cycle. The different expression of these genes may contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of cashmere regeneration.     

日粮添加大蒜素对生长獭兔生产性能的影响

选择40～45日龄的生长獭兔80只,随机分成4组,每组20只。每100kg饲粮中分别添加大蒜素0.01%,0.02%,0.03%,以零添加作为对照。结果表明:添加0.02%大蒜素组平均日增重(23.89g)较对照组(20.72g)高,差异显著(P<0.05),另外试验两组也高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。0.02%添加组饲料利用率最佳,料肉比比对照组提高3.68%(P<0.05)。添加大蒜素组的腹泻率(7.32%,1.42%,4.02%)明显低于对照组(10.23%),而添加0.02%大蒜素组效果最好。试验表明,在生长獭兔日粮中添加大蒜素,对于促进生长、降低饲料消耗和降低腹泻率有较好效果。添加大蒜素对生长獭兔消化率均有上升趋势,粗脂肪、粗灰分各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),而粗蛋白以0.02%添加组与对照组、0.01%添加组比较差异显著(P<0.05),无氮浸出物0.02%添加组的消化率与其他添加组及对照组的差异极显著(P<0.01);粗纤维消化率0.02%添加组与对照及0.01%添加组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。