X195柴油机优化调整节能技术的研究

动力性和经济性是柴油机的两个重要指标，广大发动机研究者一直致力于改善这两个指标。特别是在能源短缺的今天，如何提高发动机的动力性和经济性的问题就显得尤为重要。通过大量的台架实验．研究了X195柴油机的3项主要的调整参数(供油提前角、喷油压力、气门间隙)对其动力性和经济性的影响，分析了其影响因素，分别找出了最佳的调整范围。     

Mechanism of Fuzilizhong decoction alleviating inflammatory damage of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM To observe the effect of Fuzilizhong decoction on the inflammatory damage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） rats and to explore its mechanism. METHODS SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups： control group, model group, high dose （20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）, middle dose （10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）, low dose （5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） Fuzilizhong decoction group and Yishanfu （30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）group, 8 rats in each group. A NAFLD rat modelwas established by intragastric administration of fat emulsion for 4 weeks. Then the drug was given for 4 weeks in each treatment group. HE staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes of the rat liver.The serum levels of interleukin-2（IL-2）, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were measured by ELISA. The expression of toll like receptor 4（TLR4） and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western bolt,respectively. RESULTS Compared with control group, the inflammatory damage of liver tissue was more serious, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues were significantly increased in model group（P<0.05）. However, compared with model group, the liver pathological changes in each treatment group were significantly relieved, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues were significantly reduced（P<0.05）.In addition, the changes of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels in liver tissue were consistent with the changes of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 mRNA. CONCLUSION Fuzilizhong decoction attenuates the inflammatory damages of NAFLD in rats by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.     

Progress in RNA-binding protein HuR and its roles in development of hepatocellular carcinoma

RNA-binding proteins （RBP） are molecules with a variety of biological functions discovered in recent years. Among them, HuR is an important RBP, widely expressed in various tissues of the body, and is a member of the Hu/embryonic lethal abnormal vision （ELAV） protein family. It mainly affects the expression levels of target genes in the cells by regulating the stability and/or translation efficiency of the mRNA of the genes, thus participating in the regulation of cell life activities. In recent years, more and more studies on HuR have revealed its important role in inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes the functions of HuR and probes into the regulation of HuR functions. In addition, the roles of HuR in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） are also discussed, which provides important information for exploring the pathogenesis, biomarkers and therapeutic targets of HCC.     

Expression of cathepsin C and tumor necrosis factor-α in human coronary artery and their relationships with coronary heart disease

AIM To explore the possible mechanism of cathepsin C （CTSC） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in coronary heart disease （CHD） by detecting the protein expression of CTSC and TNF-α in human coronary artery tissue. METHODS The coronary artery tissues from 52 cases of CHD and 25 cases of accidental death without any heart disease in the Forensic Judicial Expertise Center of Guizhou Medical University from October 2018 to December 2019 were collected as CHD group and control group, respectively. The coronary artery stenosis and intimal plaque formation were examined by histopathology, the protein expression of CTSC and TNF-α was determined by Western blot, and the intracellular expression of CTSC and TNF-α was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The results of HE staining showed that the intima of coronary artery in control group was smooth, and no thickening or stenosis was observed. In CHD group, the intima thickened irregularly, atherosclerotic plaques formed, the intima became thinner and the lumen showed eccentric stenosis in varying degrees （P<0.05）. The results of Western blot showed that the expression of CTSC and TNF-α in CHD group was significantly higher than that in control group （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical staining showed that both CTSC and TNF-α were expressed in the cytoplasm of foam cells, and their positive expression was significantly higher than that in control group （P<0.05）. The results of Pearson moment correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the expression of CTSC and TNF-α in CHD （r²=0.743, P<0.05）. CONCLUSION The up-regulated expression of CTSC in coronary artery tissue may promote the expression of TNF-α and affect the occurrence and development of CHD.     

水分胁迫对'赤霞珠'葡萄不同叶龄叶片糖含量及相关代谢酶活性的影响

以三年生'赤霞珠'葡萄为试材,通过控制灌溉量,以黎明前叶片水势(ψb)反映胁迫程度,设置无水分胁迫、中度水分胁迫和重度水分胁迫3个处理,研究了'赤霞珠'葡萄新梢基部(叶1)、下部(叶2)、中部(叶3)、中上部(叶4)、上部(叶5)叶片的糖含量及其相关代谢酶活性,以期明确水分胁迫对'赤霞珠'葡萄不同叶龄叶片糖含量及其相关代谢酶活性的影响.结果 表明:中度水分胁迫处理下,葡萄新梢不同叶龄叶片蔗糖、可溶性糖含量均高于对照组,处理前期还原糖含量低于对照组;处理中后期还原糖含量高于对照组;重度水分胁迫处理下,葡萄新梢不同叶龄叶片蔗糖含量低于对照组、还原糖含量高于对照组;在处理前期,叶3～5可溶性糖含量高于对照组,后期各叶龄叶片可溶性糖含量逐渐低于对照组;中度水分胁迫可以提高叶3～5叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性,而重度水分胁迫降低了不同叶龄叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS);水分胁迫可以提高叶3～5叶片中性转化酶(NI)活性、不同叶龄叶片蔗糖合成酶(SS)和酸性转化酶(AI)活性;中度水分胁迫有利于不同叶龄叶片糖分的积累及相关代谢酶活性的提高.     

四季秋海棠炭疽病菌生物学特性及生防因子的筛选

以四季秋海棠炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum truncatum)为试验材料,采用菌落生长法和孢子萌发法,研究了不同培养条件对四季秋海棠炭疽病菌菌落生长和孢子萌发的影响;采用生长速率法研究了14种植物提取物对四季秋海棠炭疽病菌的抑制作用,以期明确该病原菌生物学特性,筛选对其具有抑菌活性的植物提取物,为该病害的防治提供参考依据.结果 表明:最适宜该病原菌菌丝生长的温度为25～30℃,pH 7,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为硝酸钠和甘氨酸.分生孢子萌发的最适温度是30～35℃,pH 6～7.丁香、石菖蒲、蛇床子提取物在2.0 mg·mL-1浓度下对菌丝生长具有较好的抑制作用,菌丝生长抑制率分别为100％、92％和90％,其它植物提取物抑制率在20％～85％.     

不同单氰胺处理对"夏黑"葡萄生物学特性和果实品质的影响

以六年生南疆日光温室"一年两熟"的"夏黑"葡萄为试材,研究不同单氰胺(荣芽、昱果丰)处理对"一年两熟"的"夏黑"葡萄生物学特性和果实品质的影响,以期为"夏黑"葡萄"一年两熟"栽培技术在南疆地区的实现提供参考依据.结果表明:与对照相比,不同单氰胺处理显著减少新梢节间长度和新梢粗度,对叶片长度、半叶宽度和叶绿素SPAD值无显著影响;对"夏黑"果形指数没有明显影响,良好的保持了"夏黑"葡萄的外观特性;但显著增加果实纵横径、果实单粒质量和穗质量,其中T1～T6处理单粒质量分别增加了27.98％、26.68％、25.62％、22.55％、14.52％和9.80％,穗质量分别增加了27.98％、26.66％、25.54％、22.57％、14.54％和9.82％;其次,显著提高可溶性固形物含量,分别提高了27.84％、25.85％、24.29％、24.29％、17.76％和15.20％.在处理范围内,不同浓度荣芽处理生物学特性和果实品质差异不显著,不同昱果丰处理果实品质T4处理显著高于T5和T6处理;荣芽处理果实品质高于昱果丰处理,其中显著高于T5和T6处理.综合比较,在一定浓度范围内使用单氰胺涂抹芽眼可以提升南疆日光温室"一年两熟"的"夏黑"葡萄果实品质,为实现南疆日光温室"夏黑"葡萄"一年两熟",荣芽处理(20～40倍)效果更优.     

凋落物分解酶的研究进展

森林凋落物分解是陆地生态系统物质循环和能量流动的重要环节,凋落物和土壤中的酶在凋落物分解过程中起着关键的调节作用.该研究综述了凋落物分解酶的生态学作用、种类以及影响酶活性的主要因素,为深入研究凋落物分解机理及其在森林可持续经营中的作用提供参考.未来该领域应注重全球变化背景下凋落物分解过程中酶的反馈调节机制探索,需将植物、凋落物和土壤作为一个整体,并结合新的检测技术和方法,对不同类型生态系统开展长期性、系统性的研究.     

以南昌市中心城区为例分析城市绿地植被覆盖度及景观格局

使用RS和GIS技术进行归一化植被指数(NDVI)的提取,以Sentinel-2A的遥感数据组建南昌市中心城区绿地景观数据集,应用景观生态学的原理定量研究研究区绿地景观格局并探讨不同类型及区域城市植被覆盖度和绿地景观格局的相关性.结果 表明:研究区绿地斑块构成总数庞大,其中经济开发区的绿地率最高而东湖区最小,附属绿地相对其它类型绿地占比最大;绿地分布不均匀且总体绿地斑块边缘较规则,遭受严重的人为因素干扰;旧城区尤以附属绿地和广场用地破碎化水平较大,无法发挥其生态效益;高植被覆盖度有利于形成面积较大、形状趋于复杂、空间分布相对集中的景观斑块,植被覆盖度越高,破碎化水平越低.对分析结果提出规划建议,均衡各类型绿地分布,增加景观多样性;结合城市文脉,改造旧城环境面貌;充分利用原有生态资源,合理化开发.     

不同双断根嫁接方式对番茄植株生长及果实产量品质的影响

以番茄品种'阪砧1号'和砧木'齐达利'为试材,采用劈接双断根和贴接双断根嫁接的方法,研究了不同嫁接方式的双断根处理对番茄植株生长以及果实产量品质的影响,以期为番茄栽培生产提供参考依据.结果 表明:不同嫁接方式的双断根处理均显著促进了植株生长,提高了番茄产量、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白质以及糖含量,但对可滴定酸含量影响较小;劈接双断根处理降低了果实贮藏期的失重率,而贴接双断根提高了果实失重率.双断根嫁接处理可提高番茄产量和品质,而劈接双断根较贴接双断根处理的番茄储藏时间更长.综上所述,双断根嫁接均能提高番茄的生长和产量,改善果实品质.