Dynamic Changes in the Calcium Content of Several Apple Cultivars During the Growing Season

Dynamic changes in calcium content were investigated in eight apple cultivars. The results showed that the calcium concentration in leaves and shoots increased with fruit development. The cultivars displayed only a small difference in the calcium concentration during the early stage of development, the difference became very significant at the late stage of development, especially in shoots. In shoots, for example, calcium content was highest in Starkrimson （19 638.6 mg kg^-1） and lowest in Fuji （8 751.3 mg kg^-1）. Calcium concentration was highest in young fruits and was found to decrease with the growth of fruit, and was characterized by a dramatic drop at the rapid expansion stage. There was a significant difference among cultivars. Young Starkrimson fruits contained the highest calcium concentration of 506.52 mg kg^-1 among cultivars tested, followed by Pink Lady and Fuji. The calcium concentration in mature fruits from high to low is as follows： Starkrimson, Sansa, Pink Lady, Senshu, Gala, Fuji, Red General and New Century. In this study, it was found that eight cultivars continuously assimilated calcium during the whole growing season, especially at the young stage when fruit took up 35-46% of total calcium. The calcium content in fruitlets was low in all cultivars; in the expansion stage, there was rapid absorption of about 30% of total calcium, whereas in the ripening fruit, content of calcium was reduced. The calcium accumulation increased with fruit growth in stalk, similar to that in fruit.     

密度对小叶锦鸡儿播种苗生长的影响

对小叶锦鸡儿1年生播种苗密度效应的研究,目的在于揭示由各种密度所形成的种群个体之间相互作用的规律．对不同密度条件下的小叶锦鸡儿个体和群体的物候特性、生长状况、生物量积累和分配等方面做了研究.结果表明:密度对小叶锦鸡儿播种苗的物候特性及生长状况有一定的影响,随着密度增大,播种苗侧枝萌发的时间向后推移,侧枝数量逐渐减少．地上部分和地下部分的生长指标均随密度的增大而呈减小的趋势,多数生长指标各密度处理间的差异达到极显著水平．播种苗个体生物量随着密度的增大而减少,群体生物量则随着密度的增大而增加．播种苗单株根、茎、叶生物量分配比例为40％、35％和25％,单株根和茎的生物量分配比例随着密度的增大而减小,而叶的生物量分配比例则随着密度的增大而增加．      

海藻乙醇提取物抗真菌活性

采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法对福建沿海几种常见海藻的抗真菌活性进行了筛选.结果表明:孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)的乙醇提取物对链格孢菌(Alternaria brassicae),浒苔(Enterom orphasp)、沙菜(Hypneasp)、江蓠(Gracilaria verrucosa)的乙醇提取物对甜椒灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)的菌丝生长抑制率都在40%以上;江蓠、沙菜和蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina)的乙醇提取物对香蕉炭疽菌(Gloeosporium musarum)和苹果青霉菌(Penicillium expansum)孢子萌发的抑制率都在90%以上;羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiform e)乙醇提取物对苹果青霉菌的孢子萌发抑制率也在90%以上.化学预试验法结果表明,抗菌活性成分可能为酚类、糖类、内酯或甾醇.     

利用CSSL群体研究稻米加工品质相关QTL表达的稳定性

 【目的】研究稻米加工品质的分子遗传基础，为遗传改良和分子标记辅助选择提供有用信息。【方法】利用Asominori为遗传背景具有IR24染色体片段的置换系（CSSL）群体，在4个环境下对稻米糙米率、精米率和整精米率进行QTL定位和稳定性分析。【结果】结果共检测到30个QTL与稻米加工品质相关，其中qMR-6、qMR-8、qHR-3和qHR-6在4个环境中都能被重复检测到，影响精米率的qMR-6和qMR-8的平均贡献率分别为21.1%和22.2%；与整精米率相关的qHR-3和qHR-6，平均贡献率分别为34.6%和22.3%；且qMR-6、qMR-8、qHR-3和qHR-6对应的置换系与背景亲本Asominori在4个环境中相应性状的表现型之间都存在显著差异（P<0.05）。【结论】qMR-8、qBR-8b和qHR-8共定位在第8染色体R727-G1149区间的QTL簇上，在笔者以前的研究中发现该QTL簇包含与稻米蒸煮食味、外观和营养品质等相关的多个主效QTL，这为剖析同一染色体区段内的1个或多个基因协同调控多个品质性状形成的复杂代谢网络提供信息。     

退耕区主要树种苗木耗水特性的研究

在自然条件下采用盆栽方法,用LI-1600和SL20K天平对8种苗木的瞬时蒸腾速率和实际耗水速率进行了比较测定。结果发现火炬树耗水速率峰值最大为56.5g.h-1,杏最小只有30.5 g.h-1,日耗水量的大小顺序为火炬树>绿宝石>婆枣>冬枣>核桃>花椒>黄冠梨>杏,白天耗水量占日总耗水量的93.8%-98.0%;8种苗木的蒸腾速率大小顺序虽然与耗水速率结果基本一致,但它们之间数值差别较大,如黄冠梨的耗水速率测定结果是蒸腾速率测定结果的3.77倍,最小的也达到1.65倍(火炬树);除花椒外,7个树种的蒸腾速率与光合有效辐射均达到了0.01水平或0.05水平的显著相关,除花椒和冬枣外,各树种的回归效果较好,特别是火炬树、杏、核桃,R2均在80%以上;但耗水速率与各气象因子之间的相关性稍差,回归效果也不太理想。     

土壤水分对日光温室西葫芦耗水量及产量的影响

在日光温室中研究了不同土壤水分条件对西葫芦耗水量、产量及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,在整个生育期,西葫芦总耗水量随土壤含水量的增大而增大.土壤相对含水量保持在90%～100%时,耗水量最大,为8 668.25 m3/hm^2.然而水分利用效率却最低,仅为39.7 kg/m^3.相反,土壤含水量下限为70%（T3）时,耗水量虽不高,产量却最高,达到352.4 t/hm^2,叶片净光合速率和结瓜数也最大,水分利用效率也相应最大,达到了66.1 kg/m3.综合考虑产量构成诸因子和水分利用效率,认为过量灌溉对提高西葫芦产量并不利,合理利用水资源,土壤水分控制在田间持水量的70%～80%较适宜.     

Analysis of QTL for Seed Dormancy and Their Response to Dry Heat Treatment in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Quantitative trait loci(QTL)controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified using recombinant inbred lines(RILs)population derived from the cross between a japonica variety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seeds of two parental cultivars and each RIL were harvested in 35d after heading.. The germination percentage of these seeds at 30℃for 7 days were measured as the degree of seed dormancy.. QTL analysis was performed with Windows QTL Cartographer 1.13a program by composite interval mapping.. A total of four QTL for seed dormancy were detected on chromosome 2(two regions),5 and 11,respectively.Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 8.37 to 17.40%.. Responses of such loci to a dormancy-breaking treatment with dry heat were further detected. The results showed that two alleles of qDOR-2-1 and qDOR-5 from DV85 as well as the allele of qDOR11 from Kinmaze increased the seed dormancy,which seemed to be easily broken by dry heat treatment. Such loci of seed dormancy may be applied to rice genetic improvement.The allele of qDOR-2-2 from DV85 increased the seed dormancy,which could not be broken by dry heat treatment.     

毛细管气相色谱法同时测定苹果 梨中氯氰菊酯联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯的残留量

利用乙腈提取、氧化铝和弗罗里硅土填料净化的前处理方法,研究了采用毛细管气相色谱同时测定苹果、梨中氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯残留量的方法。结果表明,用20mL10%丙酮/石油醚作为淋洗液,0.5mg·L-1水平时苹果、梨在两种填料的回收率都在90%—120%之间;在0.05mg·L-1水平时,苹果、梨在弗罗里硅土柱上,3种菊酯都达到了90%—110%的满意结果;而在氧化铝柱上,只有联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯达到90%—110%的结果,氯氰菊酯只达到64.8%和61.5%的结果。综合考虑,利用弗罗里硅土柱对这3种菊酯的净化效果较好,高低浓度均符合农药残留分析的要求。     

新农菜豆1号密度试验初报

研究了新农菜豆1号在3种不同密度下,农艺性状、干物质积累、叶面积指数等的变化规律。研究结果表明:随着密度的增加,株高和底荚高度增加,茎粗、节数、分枝数、分枝总长降低,单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重降低,而百粒重与密度关系不显著。以密度21万株·hm-2鲜荚产量最高,为12440kg·hm-2,百粒鲜重64.7g。