冬季低水温鳜短期饥饿和摄食的生理状态比较

为比较鳜短期饥饿与摄食的生理状态,实验以我国鳜主产区广东省的冬季水温为参照,在(13±1)°C的水温条件下,选取体质量为(84.13±0.14) g的鳜90尾,分为饥饿组(饥饿15 d)和摄食组(摄食15 d),实验结束后测定各项理化指标。结果显示：(1)摄食组鳜的体质量、肝糖原、全鱼与肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量均显著高于饥饿组,摄食组增重7.54%,而饥饿组减重8.39%。(2)摄食组鳜血浆谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著低于饥饿组,但甘油三酯含量显著高于饥饿组,各类血细胞数量与血糖水平则无明显差异。(3)摄食组鳜的消化酶活性显著高于饥饿组,肠道组织结构发育更好。(4)摄食组鳜肝脏抗氧化能力显著高于饥饿组,且饥饿组部分肝细胞有明显的结构损伤,脂滴数量显著少于摄食组。(5)摄食组鳜的血浆溶菌酶活性和血浆、脾脏、肾脏免疫球蛋白M含量显著高于饥饿组。(6)摄食组与饥饿组鳜背肌氨基酸组成无显著差异。但脂肪酸组成有显著差异,摄食组鳜背肌饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸总量显著低于饥饿组,而多不饱和脂肪酸与高不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于饥饿组。研究表明,在本实验条件下,摄食组增重而饥饿组减重,两种处理增重量差...     

Therapeutic Potential and Nutraceutical Profiling of North Bornean Seaweeds: A Review

Malaysia has a long coastline surrounded by various islands, including North Borneo, that provide a suitable environment for the growth of diverse species of seaweeds. Some of the important North Bornean seaweed species are Kappaphycus alvarezii, Eucheuma denticulatum, Halymenia durvillaei (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa lentillifera, Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta), Dictyota dichotoma and Sargassum polycystum (Ochrophyta). This review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of North Bornean seaweeds and their nutraceutical profiling. North Bornean seaweeds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, renal protective and hepatic protective potentials. The protective roles of the seaweeds might be due to the presence of a wide variety of nutraceuticals, including phthalic anhydride, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 2-pentylthiophene, furoic acid (K. alvarezii), eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, fucoxanthin, β-carotene (E. denticulatum), eucalyptol, oleic acid, dodecanal, pentadecane (H. durvillaei), canthaxanthin, oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, eicosane (C. lentillifera), pseudoephedrine, palmitic acid, monocaprin (C. racemosa), dictyohydroperoxide, squalene, fucosterol, saringosterol (D. dichotoma), and lutein, neophytadiene, cholest-4-en-3-one and cis-vaccenic acid (S. polycystum). Extensive studies on the seaweed isolates are highly recommended to understand their bioactivity and mechanisms of action, while highlighting their commercialization potential.     

Production of Lectins from Marine Algae: Current Status,Challenges, and Opportunities for Non-Destructive Extraction

Marine algae are an excellent source of novel lectins. The isolation of lectins from marine algae expands the diversity in structure and carbohydrate specificities of lectins isolated from other sources. Marine algal lectins have been reported to have antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial activity. Lectins are typically isolated from marine algae by grinding the algal tissue with liquid nitrogen and extracting with buffer and alcohol. While this method produces higher yields, it may not be sustainable for large-scale production, because a large amount of biomass is required to produce a minute amount of compound, and a significant amount of waste is generated during the extraction process. Therefore, non-destructive extraction using algal culture water could be used to ensure a continuous supply of lectins without exclusively disrupting the marine algae. This review discusses the traditional and recent advancements in algal lectin extraction methods over the last decade, as well as the steps required for large-scale production. The challenges and prospects of various extraction methods (destructive and non-destructive) are also discussed.     

糯性普通小麦的选育及其淀粉品质

普通小麦胚乳淀粉一般由20%~30%的直链淀粉和70%~80%的支链淀粉组成。在自然界,大多数禾谷类作物,如玉米、水稻、高粱等均存在直链淀粉含量几乎为0的糯性类型。普通小麦是异源六倍体,迄今为止尚未发现自然界存在糯性小麦。由于小麦淀粉的构成及品质与面条品质关系密切,在发达国     

松节油开发合成二氢松油醇的研究

由松节油水合制松油醇再进一步加氢制备氢化松油醇的生产过程,其技术难度在于加氢反应中控制副反应。采用真空脱水,阻化剂及淌流模型等先进技术成功地控制住副反应,使加氢反应时间大大缩短,质量稳定提高,从而具有市场竞争能力。     

喷洒细胞分裂素对菊苣生长及品质的影响

在菊苣苗期喷洒不同浓度的细胞分裂素(CTK),研究CTK对菊苣营养生长和品质的影响。结果表明:CTK处理后30 d,菊苣叶片数、最长叶叶长等与对照组差异显著,且与CTK浓度呈显著正相关,喷洒稀释150倍CTK处理菊苣表现出较好的生长性能,可显著提高菊苣的饲用品质,叶片干物质中粗蛋白质(CP)含量为222．9 mg·g~(-1),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量为203．0 mg·g~(-1);CTK处理后45 d,菊苣最长叶叶长和叶宽与CTK浓度呈负相关性,喷洒稀释350倍CTK处理菊苣表现出较好的生长性能,饲用品质较好,叶片数达11片,单株重为55．43 g,叶片干物质中CP含量为220．9 mg·g~(-1),NDF含量为182．7 mg·g~(-1)。     

自然保护区生态旅游开发潜力评价研究--以江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区为例

从自然保护区生态旅游基本概念入手,根据鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的实际,建立了一套自然保护区生态旅游开发潜力评价指标体系,并对该评价体系进行应用说明,以期为自然保护区生态旅游开发建设提供参考。     

玉米LFY同源基因ZFL1与多叶性状的相关性

LFY基因是控制拟南芥花分生组织特异性的关键基因,该基因的突变会引起延迟开花和叶片形态变化。本试验以相同核背景(Y53)下穗上叶片数14叶和4叶的材料为模板,通过PCR反应,扩增出4条ZFL1基因目的片段。对PCR扩增产物进行回收、纯化和测序,将测序片段进行拼接。通过序列比对,结果表明与Y53(4L)相比较,Y53(14L)在外显子3有一段13 bp的重复序列,造成ORF的改变,进而引起氨基酸序列改变。据此,初步认为多叶玉米ZFL1基因在外显子区域发生突变造成表达产物-转录因子结合靶基因的功能性失活,使玉米营养生长阶段延迟,从而引起玉米穗上叶片数的增加。     

奶山羊细菌人工染色体基因文库构建的初步研究

细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库是进行动物基因组学研究的一个重要手段,为配合山羊乳腺生物反应器的研究,对构建山羊基因组BAC文库进行了初步研究。用H indⅢ酶对莎能奶山羊基因组进行部分酶切,用CHEF(箝位匀强电场)二次电泳法回收150 kb大小条带,电透析回收高分子量(HMW)DNA;同时以BAC载体pB eloBAC 11为材料,分别采用限制性内切酶H indⅢ和HK脱磷酶对其进行酶切和脱磷,将该载体自连并通过凝胶回收线性段DNA,获得了可用于构建BAC文库的线性载体。将HMW与载体进行连接,电击转化感受态DH 10β大肠杆菌,一次转化得到近2 000个克隆。插入片段大小为50~200 kb,基本满足建库的需要。     

月桂酸单甘油酯对花鲈脂质代谢的影响

为评价月桂酸单甘油酯(Glycerolmonolaurate,GML)对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)脂质代谢的影响,文章通过基础饲料拌喂0 mg·kg?1(对照组)、1000 mg·kg?1(低剂量组)、2000 mg·kg?1(中剂量组)和4000 mg·kg?1(高剂量组)的GML,养殖均质量...