The Productive Performance and the Correlation Analysis Between Hatchability and Egg Quality in Jiangxi Green-eggshell Layers

The purpose of this study was to provide the reference to Jiangxi Green-eggshell breeding through the analysis of laying performance, hatchability and egg quality in the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers at 300-days old. 306 Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers and 80 eggs were selected to determine the laying performance, hatchability and egg quality among families, and the correlation between the hatchability and egg quality were analyzed also. The results were as fellows:The average body weight of these hens was 1 596.99 g, the average egg weight was 50.57 g, the average egg-laying number was 14.53, the average fertility rate was 93.69%, the average dead fertile egg rate was 5.55%, the average healthy chick rate was 84.3%, the average dead embryo egg rate was 13.9%, the average egg shape index was 1.28, the average Haugh unit was 71.77, and the average eggshell strength was 4.44 kg/cm². The healthy chick rate and the egg weight had significant correlation,as well as the eggshell color and the egg shape index (P < 0.05). The healthy chick rate had extremely significantly correlation with the dead fertile egg rate(P < 0.01), as well as the eggshell strength and the eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). Generally, the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers had good egg quality, higher laying performance and hatchability, but they still need to be further selected.     

棉酚在肉禽体内的毒性和残留及其营养对策的研究进展

棉酚是棉籽饼粕含有的主要毒性物质,其对畜禽存在蓄积性毒性,在畜产品中残留量高,除了直接影响到动物生长性能外,也间接影响到人类健康。同时,棉酚也限制了棉籽饼粕在动物生产中的广泛应用。因此,本文拟对棉酚的结构与分类,棉酚对肉禽的毒性效应及其在禽体内的残留与消除规律、营养对策等作一简要综述,并进一步指出有待研究的问题,为后续开展棉酚对家禽健康及畜产品安全的影响及其机理研究提供参考。     

梅花鹿IFN-α基因的克隆与原核表达研究

为研究梅花鹿IFN-α的抗病毒功能和分子机制,根据GenBank中牛IFN-α基因序列(A00145),设计并合成1对引物,以梅花鹿肝脏组织DNA为模板,采用PCR技术扩增梅花鹿IFN-α全基因核苷酸序列。序列分析表明梅花鹿IFN-α基因全长570 bp,编码189个氨基酸,其中含18个氨基酸的信号肽和169个氨基酸的成熟多肽,存在1个潜在跨膜区,基因随不同物种发育进化地位表现出种属间的差异性。在此基础上,合成1对引物,扩增梅花鹿IFN-α成熟肽核苷酸序列,构建pET28a-IFNα原核重组表达质粒并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测结果表明,在24 kd左右出现特异性蛋白带,表达产物主要为不溶性的包涵体,表达量占菌体总蛋白的34.04%,且表达产物与抗His标签抗体可发生特异性反应。将Ni柱纯化的pET28a-IFNα诱导表达产物复性后,细胞病变抑制法检测表明表达产物具抗病毒活性。研究结果为梅花鹿IFN-α蛋白抗病毒分子机制的研究及抗病毒药物的开发奠定了基础。     

中国荷斯坦牛初产日龄遗传评估及全基因组关联分析

基于高通量SNPs测序的全基因组关联分析为奶牛繁殖性状相关基因的探索提供了契机。本研究基于课题组前期中国荷斯坦牛基因组测序芯片的结果,通过DMU(v 6.0)采用AI-REML结合EM算法的动物模型对北京地区2001-2011年10年间19 111头中国荷斯坦母牛初产日龄记录进行遗传参数估计,并应用PLINK(v 1.07)将大群估计的2 172头中国荷斯坦母牛初产日龄性状的育种值(EBV)作为表型值,进行基于无关群体设计的全基因组关联分析。通过全基因组水平的Bonferroni校正,共检测到1 700个SNPs与初产日龄显著相关。选取P值达到10-15的43个SNPs进行初步分析,其中12个位于X染色体上。显著SNPs上下游200kb范围内存在KLHL4、TRAM1、TRAM2、ZNF438、MATK等繁殖障碍疾病相关基因。7号染色体1 Mb(20.42~21.52 Mb)区域内多个SNPs位点与初产日龄显著相关。这些基因和区域可以作为影响初产日龄性状的重要候选基因和区域,为揭示奶牛繁殖性状的分子遗传基础积累了素材。     

高温降解无害化处理技术应用效果分析

国家对病害动物及动物产品无害化处理工作的要求不断提高,安全有效的无害化处理技术的应用能够有效降低疫病传播风险,有力保障动物产品安全,维护群众身体健康。本文通过对实际应用情况的分析,介绍了高温降解无害化处理技术的应用效果,以期为病害动物及动物产品无害化处理工作提供参考。     

Cloning, expression and characterization of monkey (Macaca fascicularis) CD137

CD137 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory molecule in activated T cells. Agonistic CD137 specific antibodies have been investigated as therapeutic agents to promote tumor-specific immune responses by direct activation of T cells. As part of the pre-clinical pharmacological evaluation of cynomolgus monkeys, monkey CD137 was cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded a full-length gene of 254 amino acids 95% identical to human CD137. Sequence variants identified in monkey CD137 include four splice variants lacking the transmembrane domain. These variants were detectable in human including two previously unreported variants. Two missense single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected present in 42 and 50% of 36 monkeys tested. In both monkey and human, mRNA expression of full-length CD137 and splice variants were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon stimulation by anti-CD3 antibodies. Recombinant monkey CD137 protein was bound with high affinity by an agonistic anti-human CD137 antibody but not by an anti-mouse CD137 antibody. In summary, compared to human, monkey CD137 showed distinct extracellular domain amino acid sequence and sequence polymorphisms. Thus, antibodies directed against epitopes in this extracellular domain could have differences in pharmacologic activity between cynomolgus monkeys and human or across individual cynomolgus monkeys.     

中国五个绵羊群体mtDNA D-环遗传多样性研究

为探讨中国绵羊mtDNA D-环遗传多样性,通过PCR扩增和测序技术,对中国五个绵羊群体mtDNA D-环全序列进行研究,发现这五个绵羊群体mtDNA D-环碱基组成:A、T、G、C平均含量分别为34.66%、28.94%、13.90%、22.50%,(A+T)%含量明显高于(G+C)%含量,碱基突变以转换/颠换为主,且在绵羊mtDNA D-环区存在75bp的重复序列,含有4个重复序列是中国绵羊的基本特征;遗传距离分析结果显示,甘肃滩羊与其他中国绵羊群体之间的遗传距离较大,为0.0459～0.0573,其他四个绵羊群体之间遗传距离相对较小,为0.0246～0.0342,核苷酸多样度Pi为0.0323%,说明这五个绵羊群体mtDNA D-环遗传多样性均较贫乏,应该对其遗传资源进行保护.     

犬瘟热病毒抗体检测方法的比较研究

用犬瘟热（ＣＤ）弱毒和自制的高免犬血清，建立了检测犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）抗体的中和（ＳＮ）试验、间接荧光抗体技术（ＩＦＡＴ）和间接免疫酶染色法。这３种方法对３８份ＣＤ弱毒疫苗免疫犬血清抗体效价的测定结果表明，当被检血清稀释度为１∶１００时，ＳＮ试验、ＩＦＡＴ和间接免疫酶染色法测定时的阳性血清数分别为２９，７和３１份，ＩＦＡＴ和间接免疫酶染色法测定结果相对于ＳＮ试验结果的符合率分别为４２．１％和９４．７％。同时发现，当ＳＮ试验测定的血清效价在１∶１００以上时，ＩＦＡＴ测定结果总是在１∶２５以上，间接免疫酶染色法测定结果总是在１∶１００以上。３种方法以各自初步确定的ＣＤＶ血清抗体效价完全保护值指标计算所测血清的完全保护率，ＳＮ试验为７６．３％，ＩＦＡＴ为７８．９％，间接免疫酶染色法为８１．６％。据此认为，ＩＦＡＴ和间接免疫酶染色法均可部分代替ＳＮ试验用于ＣＤ疫苗免疫效果的评价、免疫犬抗体水平的监测以及ＣＤ的流行病学调查     

半干旱沙地草场地面节肢动物群落对封育措施的响应

以宁夏盐池国家级草原资源生态监测站为依托,选择荒漠草原典型冰草植被类型的封育(5年)与未封育样地对地面节肢动物、植物以及土壤性质进行了调查,同时分析了地面节肢动物对封育后植物和土壤变化的响应。结果表明,封育对地表植被和土壤性质均产生了明显的影响,尤其是植物个体数、高度和盖度以及生物量封育样地显著高于未封育样地(P<0.05)。调查样地共捕获地面节肢动物7目26科28个类群;封育围栏内外共有的优势类群为拟步甲科琵甲属,共有的常见类群有13个类群,共有类群数占总类群数的50%。并且,地面节肢动物对封育亦产生了积极的响应,动物群落个体数、类群数和多样性封育样地均高于未封育样地,但均没有达到显著水平(P>0.05),说明荒漠草原短期封育(5年)对地表植被和地面节肢动物具有不同的生态效应。相关分析表明,地面节肢动物类群数和Shannon指数均与土壤容重呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而优势度指数与土壤容重呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。表明土壤容重是地面节肢动物群落结构封育内外差异的主要影响因素,而且不同地面节肢动物类群对封育内外生境的选择性而表现出不同的响应特征。     

牛血清中口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测方法的建立

为研究快速定量检测牛血清中口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体的方法,试验通过优化抗原表达条件等步骤,在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中表达可溶性的3A-3B融合蛋白,并基于纯化的可溶性融合蛋白建立口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测试剂盒。结果表明:建立的方法能够检测牛血清中的口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体,敏感性高,特异性强,对其他相关的牛类病原无交叉反应,其组内与组间变异系数分别低于10%和15%,具有良好的重复性。对300份临床牛血清样品进行检测,同Procheck公司的口蹄疫非结构蛋白抗体试剂盒进行比较,阳性样品符合率96%,阴性样品符合率93.3%,总的符合率95.7%。重复性试验组内与组间变异系数均小于10%。文章首次建立了口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测方法,同传统的ELISA方法相比,该检测方法特异性相当、敏感性更高,操作更简单、快速,具有较高的应用推广价值。