鸭甲肝病毒VP1基因克隆及序列分析

通过PCR技术,从自行分离的鸭甲肝病毒JS株基因组中扩增出病毒衣壳蛋白VP1完整基因片段,并对该片段进行序列测定及分析。结果显示JS-VP1与DHAV-A的VP1基因序列酸核苷酸同源性在62.0%~64.4%之间,与DHAV-B的VP1基因序列酸核苷酸同源性在63.6%~63.8%之间,与DHAV-C的VP1基因序列酸核苷酸同源性在92.3%~98.5%之间,分析表明JS株为鸭甲肝病毒基因C型,血清型分型为韩国新型。进化树表明JS株与SD02株的亲缘关系较进,进一步说明VP1基因的核苷酸序列是DHAV基因组中的高度可变区,可作为DHAV基因型研究的标记,分离毒株为DHAV的防治及疫苗的设计奠定了基础。     

6种酶联免疫试剂盒在饲料呕吐毒素检测中的准确性评价

为评估市售各品牌霉菌毒素酶联免疫检测试剂盒在饲料及其原料呕吐毒素检测中的准确性,特选购市售6种品牌试剂盒进行验证,并选定其中一种试剂盒与高效液相色谱法检测结果进行比较。试验结果表明,市售6种品牌试剂盒检测结果存在极大差异;与高效液相色谱法相比,试剂盒检测结果偏高,且相对平均偏差最高为48.4%。因此,选择市售酶联免疫试剂盒进行呕吐毒素含量检测使用前,有必要进行准确性验证,以保证检测结果的准确性,降低饲料安全评估风险,且ELISA检测结果显示为阳性的样品,需结合高效液相色谱法进一步确认,以防误判。     

Effects of Intragastric Lycopene on Oxidative Stress of Blood after Exercise SD Rats

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of intragastric lycopene on oxidative stress blood after exercise SD rats.Thirty two SD rats with similar weight(233.40 g±6.21 g) and good health for SPF were randomized into one control groups and three trial groups with 8 rats per group.The control group was gastric fed with edible oil,the trial Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were gastric fed with edible oil intragastric with 10,20,40 mg/(kg·BW) lycopene,respectively.The pre-experiment period lasted for 10 d,and the experiment period lasted for 42 d.Swimming train six days a week and train six weeks,then that blood were collection for determination of oxidative stress after swimming train 11 hours SD rats.The results showed that lycopene concentration of plasma was increased at first and decreased subsequently,after 4 h lycopene concentration of plasma in SD rat was peak.With the increase of intragastric lycopene doses,glutathione peroxidase,total antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity of plasma showed a trend of rising; malondialdehyde content of plasma showed a trend of decrease with the increase of supplemental lycopene dose after exercise SD rats.Therefore,the antioxidant capacity of blood after exercise SD rats and doses of intragastric lycopene were dose dependent,antioxidant capacity of blood after exercise SD rats showed a trend of rise with the increase of lycopene dose.     

Effect of Heat Shock Protein-90 (HSP-90) mRNA Expression in Intestinal Tissuse of Chickens Infected with E.necatrix

The 90 chickens were randomly divided into control group, E.necatrix one time infection group and E.necatrix two times infection group.We used duplex PCR method to test the expression changes of HSP-90 mRNA in intestinal tissue of chickens infected with E.necatrix and researched the effects of it comprehensively and systematically.The results were showed that after 0 to 14 days the expression of HSP-90 mRNA in intestinal tissues of 14-day-old chickens infected with E.necatrix presented a upward trend though it was lower than the control chickens.These chickens were infected with E.necatrix again at 28 days, HSP-90 mRNA expressions of duodenum, jejunum and ileum decreased and then increased.However, it always showed a downward trend in appendix.When 28 days chickens were infected with high-does E.necatrix once, HSP-90 mRNA expressions of duodenum, jejunum and appendix were in a declining curve.While it was increased originally and then decreased in ileum.This study indicated that HSP-90 mRNA expressions in intestinal tissue of chickens infected with E.necatrix were inhibited at first, and the expression quantity was closely related to the degrees of intestinal tissue damage.     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Brewer's Grain or Fermented Brewer's Grain on Growth Performance,Immune Organ Index and Intestinal Flora of Meat Geese

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal replaced by brewer's grain (BSG) or fermented brewer's grain (FBSG) on growth performance,immune organ index and intestinal flora of meat geese.A total of 250 geese at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate.The geese in control group were fed a basal diet (with soybean);The geese in groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% BSG replacing the soybean,respectively;The geese in groups 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% FBSG replacing the soybean,respectively.The whole experiment period was 42 days,including three phases:15 d (early stage),14 d (middle stage) and 14 d (later stage).The results showed as follows:①From the whole experiment period,compared with control group,the ADG of geese in group 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05),the ADG and ADFI of geese in group 4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),there were no obvious change in growth performance of geese in groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the thymus index and spleen index of geese in groups 1,2 and 3 were extremely significantly increased at early stage (P<0.01);At middle and later stages,the spleen index of geese in group 2 were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01);There were no significant differences in bursa of fabricius index of geese among all groups (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum in groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly decreased at early and later stages (P<0.01),while the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were increased in different degrees;the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in cecum in groups 3 and 4 were extremely significantly increased at later stage (P<0.01).In conclusion,10% BSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora of meat geese;10% FBSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria of meat geese,but had no effect on growth performance;While 20% replacing soybean in the basal diet could decrease the feed intake and weight gain of meat geese,hinder its growth and development.     

过氧化氢和过氧化硫酸钠复合物对高位池尾水的净化效果研究

[目的]研究不同使用量和处理时间下过氧化氢和过氧化硫酸钠复合物对养殖尾水各项水质指标的处理效果。[方法]从湛江市东海岛对虾高位池采集养殖尾水,使用过氧化氢和过氧化硫酸钠复合物处理后测定水样的pH、悬浮物、氨氮、亚硝酸氮（NO₂^--N）、磷酸盐和COD浓度。[结果]过氧化氢和过氧化硫酸钠复合物处理会使水体pH有所下降,仍保持在7.0以上,但并不能有效降低悬浮物浓度。过氧化氢可以有效降低尾水中氨氮、NO₂^--N、磷酸盐和COD的浓度,当过氧化氢浓度为4.00 mL/L时处理效果最佳,氨氮、NO₂^--N、磷酸盐和COD去除率分别为93.79%、57.88%、75.10%和76.70%。与过氧化氢相比,过氧化硫酸钠复合物对尾水中氨氮和NO₂^--N的去除效果并不理想,但对磷酸盐和COD的去除效果较好,当过氧化硫酸钠复合物浓度为0.12 g/L时,尾水中磷酸盐和COD的去除率分别达到87.96%和76.51%。[结论]过氧化...     

猪等孢球虫纯种株的建立及其生物学特性研究

从哺乳仔猪的腹泻粪样中分离出等孢球虫卵囊,感染仔猪建立球虫纯种株.通过卵囊形态结构观察与18S rRNA PCR鉴定,鉴定该球虫分离株为猪等孢球虫.将6只24日龄断奶仔猪分为2组,分别感染4×102和104个孢子化卵囊,观察仔猪的临床表现及虫株的潜伏期、显露期和卵囊产量.结果表明,感染4×102个卵囊后仔猪未出现腹泻症状,感染104个卵囊后仔猪出现腹泻且持续6 d.感染4×102个孢子化卵囊时,潜隐期为5 d,显露期为7 d,每个卵囊产出5.72×103个卵囊;感染104个孢子化卵囊时,潜隐期为5 d,显露期18 d,每个卵囊产出6.41×102个卵囊.由此可见,该株猪等孢球虫对仔猪具有致病性,可用于构建猪等孢球虫病动物模型及其疾病学研究.     

哈萨克母羊分娩前与胎儿组织器官细菌的多样性

【目的】研究分娩前哈萨克母羊和胎儿组织、肠道内容物及相关器官菌群的多样性。【方法】试验选择5只4岁、胎次相同、健康的妊娠后期母羊,平均体重为(55.64±4.37) kg,安乐死后,分离各组织器官并采集相关样品,用于分析菌群多样性。【结果】(1)母羊唾液、小肠内容物及羊水中有较高的多样性,chao1指数分别为1 042.02、1 058.31、1 011.22,ACE指数分别为1 069.18、1 067.41、1 014.17。(2)在物种分类水平上,母羊小肠、盲肠内容物、脐带及羔羊胎粪中厚壁菌门丰度较高,占比分别为79.08%、65.94%、49.66%和35.69%;在母羊唾液和羔羊瘤胃中拟杆菌门占比较高,分别为26.98和51.80%;羔羊瘤胃和母羊唾液中变形菌门的占比分别为64.92%和41.92%。(3)羔羊瘤胃液、胎粪及脐带中物种相似性较高,母羊唾液和瘤胃液中物种相似性较高,母羊小肠内容物和母羊盲肠内容物中物种相似性较高。【结论】母羊妊娠后期唾液、小肠内容物及羊水中有较高的多样性指数,厚壁菌门、变形菌门及拟杆菌门是此阶段母羊和胎儿各组织器官主要的物种。     

罗氏沼虾育苗循环水处理技术与模式

将育苗用水经消毒及沉淀处理后作为试验基础用水,应用泡沫分离器、经预处理的生物滤器和紫外线消毒器等处理罗氏沼虾育苗循环水,使水质得到了有效控制。试验期间,对照池以大量换水及用药等传统方式维持水质,而试验池未曾用药和换水,较对照池节约水67.5%;试验池主要水质指标变化范围如下:NH3 Nm:0～0.010mg·L-1,NO2- N:0.01～0.63mg·L-1,pH:7.48～8.37,CODMn:5.42～12.25mg·L-1,细菌总数:(4.2～130)×103cell·mL-1,弧菌数:(0.2～20)×102cell·mL-1;试验组出苗率为40%,高出对照组33.3%。生产性育苗试验中,试验池与对照池均获得了30%的出苗率。据试验结果及罗氏沼虾育苗特点,提出了处理罗氏沼虾育苗循环水的技术与模式。