一例牙鲆淋巴囊肿病例的诊断及病毒MCP基因遗传进化分析

2019年1月,山东省某牙鲆鱼场出现疑似淋巴囊肿病例。患病鱼体表长有灰白色菜花样瘤状物,死亡率超过30%,给养殖场造成了较为严重的经济损失。为确定发病原因,对该鱼场病死鱼进行了病理组织学诊断和病毒检测,并对病毒MCP基因进行了序列测定及遗传变异分析。结果显示：眼观及组织学病变符合淋巴囊肿病的病变特征;所检测到的病毒与选定的参考毒株核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为78.7%~99.9%和86.8%~100%。MCP基因遗传进化分析显示,检测到的病毒与LCDV-C、JF00Kuma、JF03Yoshi、JF03GunNeA、JF、LCDV-K1等毒株同属于淋巴囊肿病毒基因II型,且与我国分离株LCDV-C有较高的同源性。经综合诊断,确定该流行病由淋巴囊肿病毒基因II型所致。该研究为该病的综合诊断及流行病学调查提供了新资料,为下一步进行该病毒相关分子生物学研究以及疫苗制备等提供了理论依据。     

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH_45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.     

Inhibition of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 production in PK-15 cells by small interfering RNAs targeting the Rep gene

Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) are two genotypes of porcine circovirus. Both of them are presumed to be widespread in the swine population. Currently, there is no specific treatment for their infections. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. In this study, three siRNA expression plasmids (pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC) were generated to target three different coding regions of the Rep protein (Rep) of PCV. These siRNAs were used to inhibit PCV production in a porcine kidney cell line, PK-15 cells. Our results revealed that Rep gene expression was inhibited by pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC to different degrees. Moreover, our study also showed that the production of PCV1 and PCV2 was reduced by these siRNAs. pS-RepC, which targets the middle region of Rep gene, proved to be the most efficient siRNA for inhibition of Rep expression and viral production. Taken together, our data suggest that RNAi could be investigated as a potential treatment for PCV infection.     

低比转数离心泵叶轮出口紊流流动结构分析

在叶轮内三维紊流流动数值计算的基础上，从介质能量的观点，分析了不同工况下低比转数离心泵叶轮出口处的紊流流动结构。数值计算采用SIMPLEC算法，在贴体坐标系下求解Navier—Stokes方程，紊流模型采用标准的κ—ε模型。计算结果表明，在叶轮的出口附近靠近吸力面一侧存在一个低能区，而压力面一侧能量相对较高。这与有关文献中所指出的离心风机的“射流—尾流”结构相对应。当偏离设计工况时，该低能区的范围和强度略有增加，相对应的叶轮效率也降低。计算结果与水泵在这些工况下的效率实验结果相一致，说明低能区的存在是影响低比转数离心泵效率的重要因素。     

高齿准双曲面齿轮的设计方法与试验研究

通过增加工作齿高和对根切条件的深入研究，提出了高齿准双曲面齿轮的优化设计方法。这种方法可以有效地增大端面重合度，并保证所设计的齿轮不根切、齿顶不变尖，可在现有机床上使用标准系列刀具加工。台架试验表明，这种高齿准双曲面齿轮的噪声和振动量比普通准双曲面齿轮明显降低。     

2018年我国农药进出口特点与2019年趋势分析

Li Lin;Jin Hejiang;Huang Xinhe;Cao Bingwei;Wu Lihui;Liu Pingping;Qu Mengmeng;Wu Houbin(The Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)     

大蒜高产栽培技术及病虫害防治

大蒜为百合科葱属植物蒜的鳞茎。大蒜的幼苗、花茎、鳞茎均为广大群众所喜食,不仅可以生食和做成调味品,还可以做成糖醋蒜、罐头和大蒜油等产品出口创汇。大蒜栽培历史有2000多年,大蒜是人们日常生活不可缺少的辛香类蔬菜。大蒜含有丰富的糖类、蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维,数量元素、维生素和大蒜素,营养与保健价值极高,被誉为“天然广谱杀菌素”。     

苹果主要病虫害的发生与防治

1、苹果腐烂病 1.1为害症状苹果树腐烂病有溃疡型、枝枯型两种.溃疡型病斑是冬春发病盛期和夏季在极度衰弱树上发生的典型症状.病斑最初在外表,不易被发现,揭开枝干表皮后,可见暗褐色湿润状小斑或黄褐色干斑,当环境条件适宜时,在夏秋落皮层上出现稍带红褐色、稍湿润的小溃疡斑.     

计算机视觉技术在番茄收获中的应用

运用双目立体视觉技术对红色番茄进行定位,图像进行灰度变换后,对图像的二维直方图进行腐蚀,膨胀以后除小团块,提取背景区边缘,然后用拟合曲线实现彩色图像的分割,将番茄从背景中分离出来,对目标进行标定后,用面积匹配实现共轭图像中目标的配准,运用体视成像原理,从两幅二维图像中恢复目标的三维坐标,从实验数据可知,当目标与摄像机的距离为300－400mm时,深度误差可控制在3％－4％。