中东呼吸综合征的流行与研究进展

本文全面介绍了MERS的疾病概况、人间及动物间流行情况,目前该病已经蔓延到全球25个国家,造成1300余人感染、近500人死亡,并有4个国家发现骆驼MERS病例;总结了世界卫生组织（WHO）、世界动物卫生组织（OIE）和联合国粮农组织（FAO）等采取的防控措施,并从病毒来源、能否人际间传播、有效疫苗和药物研制等3个方面对MERS的研究进展进行了概述。目前认为,人类MERS的传染源可能是骆驼, MERS-CoV仅发生了有限的人传人,还没有研制出有效的特异性疫苗和药物。本文还简述了我国的防控情况,并提出了相关防控建议。     

基层动物卫生监督执法领域职务犯罪的危害及防范

近年来,在动物卫生监督执法领域的职务犯罪时有发生。本文从党风廉政建设的角度,指出在基层动物卫生监督执法领域职务犯罪的具体表现,分析基层动物卫生监督执法领域职务犯罪的危害,进而提出了防范基层动物卫生监督执法领域职务犯罪的对策。     

溪黄草水提物及其复方对细菌的抑制效果观察

为了评价溪黄草及其复方对细菌的体外抑制效果,以水作为浸提溶剂,通过试管二倍稀释法测定溪黄草水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、变形杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并将溪黄草水提物与五倍子、金银花、大青叶、黄芩、五味子、秦皮等中药水提物组成复方,测定中药复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,溪黄草水提取物对G+菌的体外抑菌效果较强(MIC为25-100 mg/m L),对G-菌的体外抑菌效果相对较弱(MIC为50-400 mg/m L),其中对表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最强(MIC为25 mg/m L)。提示溪黄草水提物与其他中药水提物分别组成复方后,大部分复方对大肠杆菌的抑制作用有所增强。     

Evaluation of embryonic age and the effects of different proteases on the isolation and primary culture of chicken intestinal epithelial cells in vitro

The present study evaluates the effects of embryonic age and proteolytic enzymes on the isolation and primary culture of chicken enterocyte and to establish an effective technique for chicken intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) cultivation. Fourteen‐day‐old, 16‐day‐old and 18‐day‐old embryos (average weight: 52.23 ± 0.76 g, 50.86 ± 0.99 g, 48.98 ± 1.03 g) were the source for preparation of enterocyte culture, and trypsin‐ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, collagenase, thermolysin and combination of collagenase and thermolysin were used for digestion medium. Optimal culture protocols were determined by qualitative assays of proliferation. Cells isolated by using 14‐day‐old embryo and collagenase obtain the best attachment and growth in culture, and the production of continuously growing IEC cultures. Thus, we conclude that the use of collagenase as a dissociating enzyme and 14‐day‐old embryo as a source can be advantageously applied to the isolation of chicken IEC and this method may be useful for various applications and basic studies of the intestinal tract concerning such objects as physiology, immunology and toxicology.     

Isolation,Identification and Analysis of Serotype and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Salmonella from Chickens

To investigate the situations of predominant strain and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Salmonella was pre-enriched and isolated from tissues of clinical suspected chickens, and the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical test using ID 32E System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of VITEK System ATB Expression, serotypes were determined by slid agglutination test, antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by ATB VET Susceptibility Test Strip of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotics.The results showed that 34 Salmonella strains were obtained from 310 clinical samples, of which 1 strain belonged to A serogroup, 1 to C2 serogroup, 15 to B serogroup, 14 to D serogroup and 3 to untyped serogroup, and S.typhimurium of B serogroup and S.pullorum of D serogroup were the predominant serotypes.All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, spectinomycine and apramycine, and the resistance rates to chloramphenicol, kanamycine and gentamicine were less than 10%, and the resistance rates to amoxicillin, streptomycine, flumequine, oxolinique, sulfamethizol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoine ranged between 50% and 90%, while the resistance rates to penicilline, oxacilline, fusidique, rifampicine and metronidazole reached to 100%.The results indicated that the serotype distribution of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens exhibited regional characteristics, and S.typhimurium and S.pullorum were the predominant serotypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was very serious which should be highly concerned.     

Pathogen Analysis of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

To investigate the pathogen of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) of a dairy farm in Guangxi, a strain of Mycoplasma and a strain of gram-negative pathogenic bacterium were isolated and identified by the means of field surveys, clinic observation, pathological examination, isolation studies and so on.Treatments were taken according to drug sensitivity test results.The Mycoplasma strain, growing on PPLO medium, formed typical "fried egg" colonies.A 448 bp of oppF fragment was amplified by PCR from the strain and had 98.4% nucleotide identity with Mycoplasma bovis reference isolate PG5 of USA.The biochemical features of the gram-negative bacterial isolate were same with Serratia marcescens.The PCR amplified 16S rDNA of the gram-negative pathogenic bacterium strain was 1 400 bp.It shared 99.0% nucleotide identity with other Serratia marcescens reference strains obtained from GenBank.Animal experiment showed that the gram-negative pathogenic bacterium isolate could cause the mice to die.The drug sensitivity tests showed all isolates were sensitive to spectinomycin, azithromycin, amikacin, gentamicin and neomycin.It was effective to treat with dexamethasone and spectinomycin.Pathogen analysis and drug treatment showed that the BRDC was caused by Mycoplasma bovis and Serratia marcescens.     

5个油茶优良无性系光合及叶片解剖特征比较分析

为给进一步筛选高光效、优良的油茶无性系提供参考依据,选择5个油茶优良无性系(‘湘林’系列XL210、XL82、XL190、XL81、XL14)9年生植株,于2013年7月观测了其光合参数及叶片解剖特征。结果表明:净光合速率(Pn)的日变化曲线,XL14呈"单峰型",其他无性系均为"双峰型",不同无性系峰值出现的时间及峰值大小不完全相同,各无性系的Pn日均值从大到小依次为XL14XL81XL82XL210XL190,各无性系的单位面积产油量均值都随Pn值的增大而增大,Pn与叶绿素a、叶绿素(a+b)和叶绿素a/b之间均存在显著的正相关关系;5个无性系的叶片解剖特征值之间差异明显,栅栏组织/叶片厚度、栅栏组织/海绵组织的比值与Pn及单位面积产油量间均呈显著正相关。     

青蒿中番茄斑萎病毒和烟草花叶病毒的分子鉴定及相关序列分析

番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV)和烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)是2种重要的植物病原病毒, 对多种经济作物的产量和品质均造成严重影响。2021年-2022年, 在云南省丽江市烟草种植区不同烟区采集叶片黄化、皱缩以及无症状的青蒿Artemisia caruifolia样品共计14份, 利用免疫金标速测卡和RT-PCR对其病原病毒进行检测。利用免疫金标速测卡检测结果显示, 在所检样品中有9份样品检测出TSWV, 检出率为64.28%, 有3份样品检测出TMV, 检出率为21.43%, 2种病毒复合侵染的检出率同样为21.43%;利用RT-PCR对复合侵染的3份样品进行分子检测, 结果显示, 在3份复合侵染青蒿样品中获得3条TSWV N基因序列、3条TMV cp基因序列和2条TMV RdRp部分序列。TSWV青蒿分离物与分离自云南的TSWV-2分离物相似性最高, 为99.6%;TMV青蒿分离物与分离自辽宁的TMV-Shenyang分离物和分离自云南的TMV-Yongren-1相似性最高, 均大于99.4%。这是首次发现TSWV和TMV 2种不同属病毒复合侵染青蒿。     

Inter- and intraspecific variations of cadmium accumulation of 13 leafy vegetable species in a greenhouse experiment

Leafy vegetables are among the crop species that are most vulnerable to heavy metal pollution. This study investigated inter- and intraspecific variations of cadmium accumulation in 13 species with a total of 39 cultivars of leafy vegetables under two levels of soil Cd stress (1.5 and 7.7 mg kg (-1)). Intraspecific variations of shoot biomass and Cd concentration of the tested leafy vegetables were significantly larger than interspecific variations under both Cd treatments and were also more significantly correlated between two Cd stress levels when grouped by cultivar than grouped by species. These results indicate that cultivar is a more reliable taxa level for screening pollutant-safe leafy vegetables than species. Any screening for pollutant hypoaccumulator species, or other similar species-based concepts, without considering intraspecific variation should be avoided.     

不同土壤和氮钾肥配比对莴笋的营养效应研究

通过田间小区试验研究了不同N、K肥料配比对酸性和碱性土壤上两个莴笋品种(科兴 3 号和双尖莴笋)产量及品质的影响.结果表明,不同土壤上施用不同N、K配比肥料对双尖莴笋和科兴 3 号的产量影响不同.在酸性土壤上,对照(N15K10)是适宜两种莴笋高产的最佳N、K肥配比处理.在碱性土壤上种植双尖莴笋时,可以考虑在对照基础上适当地降低N肥用量.在碱性土壤上两种莴笋的产量均高于酸性土壤.减N和增K处理有利于降低莴笋的硝酸盐含量.在酸性土壤上莴笋中的硝酸盐含量高于碱性土壤.莴笋采收后期茎的硝酸盐含量高于叶片.不同施肥处理对两种土壤上科兴3号和双尖莴笋营养品质的作用不一致.在酸性土壤上增施K肥或提高N肥的用量对莴笋营养品质的改善更有效果.莴笋的Vc含量以叶片＞茎,且酸性土壤＞碱性土壤.除双尖莴笋在增K处理(N15K15、N20K15)中茎的可溶性糖含量表现为酸性土＜碱性土以外,其他处理莴笋茎叶中的可溶性糖均为酸性土＞碱性土.不同处理莴笋的氨基酸含量均表现为茎＞叶.