食品微生物学课程中思政元素挖掘与解析

“食品微生物学”是一门综合性的学科,涉及到基础微生物学,食品微生物学,工业微生物学和医学微生物学等领域,知识涉及面广,课程综合性强,对人们的日常生活影响大。将食品微生物学打造成课程思政教育的前沿阵地尤为重要。因此,本文首先系统性的介绍了将专业课程与思政教育相结合的重要性和必要性。接着笔者重点对食品微生物学中所蕴含的思政元素进行了深入解析,将一些典型案例与课程中的知识点有机融合。最后从改革教学方法,创新教学理念和提高教师队伍的思政意识等方面来阐述了如何才能实现课程思政建设的高效性。本文能够为后续的专业课程如何进行思政建设提供参考,更重要的是能够为教师如何从专业课的知识点中挖掘思政元素提供借鉴和启发。     

融合多光谱成像与深度学习的作物植株叶绿素检测系统研究

为了满足田间作物长势快速检测与指导变量管理的需求,以玉米为例设计了基于多光谱成像的田间作物植株叶绿素检测系统,包括可见光(RGB)和近红外(Near-infrared, NIR)图像采集模块、主控处理器模块、模型加速模块、显示及电源模块,用于实现玉米植株智能识别与叶绿素指标一体化检测。首先,采集玉米苗期和拔节期冠层图像数据集,比较了植株冠层实例分割与株心目标检测两种深度学习模型,构建了基于MobileDet+SSDLite(Single shot multibox detector lite)轻量化网络的玉米植株定位检测模型,实现玉米植株识别。其次,提取被识别的植株株心RGB-NIR图像,开展RGB和NIR图像匹配与分割,提取R、G、B和NIR灰度值计算植被指数,使用SPXY算法(Sample set portioning based on joint X-Y distances)和连续投影算法(Successive projections algorithm, SPA)分别对数据集进行样本划分及特征变量筛选,选择高斯过程回归(Gaussian process regression, ...     

Inter- and intraspecific variations of cadmium accumulation of 13 leafy vegetable species in a greenhouse experiment

Leafy vegetables are among the crop species that are most vulnerable to heavy metal pollution. This study investigated inter- and intraspecific variations of cadmium accumulation in 13 species with a total of 39 cultivars of leafy vegetables under two levels of soil Cd stress (1.5 and 7.7 mg kg (-1)). Intraspecific variations of shoot biomass and Cd concentration of the tested leafy vegetables were significantly larger than interspecific variations under both Cd treatments and were also more significantly correlated between two Cd stress levels when grouped by cultivar than grouped by species. These results indicate that cultivar is a more reliable taxa level for screening pollutant-safe leafy vegetables than species. Any screening for pollutant hypoaccumulator species, or other similar species-based concepts, without considering intraspecific variation should be avoided.     

Improvement of texture properties and flavor of frozen dough by carrot (Daucus carota) antifreeze protein supplementation

The effects of concentrated carrot protein (CCP) containing 15.4% (w/w) carrot (Daucus carota) antifreeze protein on texture properties of frozen dough and volatile compounds of crumb were studied. CCP supplementation lowered the freezable water content of the dough, resulting in some beneficial effects including holding loaf volume steadily and making the dough softer and steadier during frozen storage. Furthermore, SPME-GC-MS analysis showed CCP supplementation did not give any negative influences on volatile compounds of crumb and gave a pleasant aroma felt like Michelia alba DC from trans-caryophyllene simultaneously. Combining our previous results that CCP supplementation improves the fermentation capacity of the frozen dough, CCP could be used as a beneficial additive for frozen dough processing.     

Vegetative Compatibility of Fusarium graminearum Isolates and Genetic Study on Their Carbendazim-Resistance Recombination in China

ABSTRACT Monoconidial isolates of 33 carbendazim-sensitive isolates and 31 carbendazim-resistant isolates of Fusarium graminearum were selected from three regions of China for vegetative compatibility group (VCG) analysis. A total of 213 and 224 nit mutants were recovered from the 33 sensitive and the 31 resistant isolates, respectively. Of all the nit mutants, the frequency of the different phenotypes was 44.6, 46.5, 5.7, and 3.2% for nit1, nit3, nitM, and nitA, respectively. VCG analysis identified 30 different VCGs among the 33 sensitive- and the 31 carbendazim-resistant isolates, with VCG diversity 0.91 and 0.97, respectively. Both, a carbendazim-sensitive and a -resistant isolate from the same field belonged to the same VCG. In all then, a total of 59 VCGs were identified among the 64 isolates with an overall VCG diversity 0.92. Direct hyphal fusion was observed in six pairs of vegetatively compatible complements, which is evidence of heterokaryon formation. It was hypothesized that carbendazim resistance could not be transferred by hyphal fusion or there is a small chance to be transferred between two compatible isolates. Three stable sexual recombinants of F. graminearum were randomly chosen from each of the three genetic crosses to study their biological properties. There were no significant differences in mycelial linear growth and pathogenicity between recombinants and their parents, but they differ in sporulation ability and capacity to produce perithecia. We concluded that sexual recombination presumably played a role in the development of carbendazim resistance under field conditions.     

Flumorph Is a Novel Fungicide That Disrupts Microfilament Organization in Phytophthora melonis

ABSTRACT The mechanism of the effects of flumorph (a novel fungicide) was investigated by analyzing alterations of hyphal morphology, cell wall deposition patterns, F-actin organization, and other organelles in Phytophthora melonis. Calcofluor white staining suggested that flumorph did not inhibit the synthesis of cell wall materials, but disturbed the polar deposition of newly synthesized cell wall materials during cystospore germination and hyphal growth. After exposure to flumorph, zoospores were able to switch into cystospores accompanied with the formation of a cell wall, whereas cystospores failed to induce the isotropic-polar switch and did not produce germ tubes but continued the isotropic growth phase. In flumorph-treated hyphae, the most characteristic change was the development of periodic swelling ("beaded" morphology) and the disruption of tip growth. Newly synthesized cell wall materials were deposited uniformly throughout the diffuse expanded region of hyphae, in contrast to their normal polarized patterns of deposition. These alterations were the result of F-actin disruption, identified with the fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-phalloidin staining. The disruption of F-actin also was accompanied by disorganized organelles: each swelling of subapical hyphae was associated with a nucleus. Vesicles did not undergo polarized secretion to the apical hyphae, but diffused around nuclei for the subapical growth; thus, the cell wall was thickened with periodic expansion along the hyphae. Upon removing flumorph, normal tip growth and organized F-actin were observed again. These data, as well as data published earlier, suggest that flumorph may be involved in the impairment of cell polar growth through directly or indirectly disrupting the organization of F-actin. The primary site of action by flumorph in the disruption of the F-actin organization is under investigation.     

生态保护红线政策演进过程及其对生态产品价值实现的作用机理——以东北国有林区为例

划定生态保护红线是践行"两山"理念的时代任务与优先行动,推动生态产品价值实现则是新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明建设与"后脱贫时代"共同富裕协同推进的重要举措。文中首先在解释生态保护红线内涵的基础上,梳理东北国有林区生态保护红线政策的演进脉络,并以黑龙江省为例结合实际情况理清生态保护红线政策对林业产业发展的约束范围及程度;其次分别针对不同类型的生态产业,阐述生态保护红线对于生态产品价值实现的作用机理;最后从3个方面提出在生态保护红线政策下促进生态产品价值实现的建议:以森林资源为纽带,紧密联系森林碳汇建设与碳中和战略目标;建立物质类生态产品科技创新联盟,增强市场化支撑能力;打造东北国有林区森林生态综合体,促进文化服务类生态产品价值实现。研究可为东北国有林区未来促进生态产品价值实现提供参考,以促进林木资源保护和林业经济高质量发展。     

广东省鸭疫里默氏杆菌流行病学监测及遗传进化关系

【目的】明确广东地区鸭疫里默杆菌Riemerella anatipestifer的血清型、耐药状况及遗传进化关系。【方法】从规模化鸭场分离鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌,通过玻片凝集试验鉴定血清型;利用试管两倍稀释法测试抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度,分析药物的敏感性;采用全基因组测序技术分析序列特征并构建核心基因组遗传进化树。【结果】共分离鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌168株,血清1、2、3、5、6、7、8、10型均有流行,血清1型的菌株高达54.17%(91/168),其次为2型,占27.97%(47/168)。48株代表性菌株对庆大霉素、卡那霉素、盐酸环丙沙星表现高度耐药,耐药率均超过80%;对土霉素、盐酸四环素、盐酸金霉素、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶的耐药率均在60%以上;对阿莫西林、头孢噻肟和大观霉素的耐药率低于30%。受试菌株对5～12种药物耐药,共有44种耐药谱型。成功获得46株菌株全基因组序列,共检出6种耐药基因,其中,耐药基因erm(F)和tet(X)的检出率较高,分别为73.91%(34/46)和82.60%(38/46),同时携带2种以上耐药基因的菌株占95.65%(44...     

1990—2019年达里诺尔湖水体面积变化遥感监测

以Landsat遥感数据资料为基础,采用归一化差分水体指数（NDWI）对达里诺尔湖水体进行识别和提取,使该区域形成长时间监测,研究1990—2019年达里诺尔湖的时空变化,并通过气象数据探讨水体面积与气候变化的关系。结果表明,达里诺尔湖1990—2019年水体面积呈波浪式变化,整体呈下降趋势,自2000年后,达里诺尔湖水体面积逐渐减少,20年间共减少41.82 km²;在湖体东北方向减少幅度最大,共减少19.89 km²。达里诺尔湖水体面积与降水量呈正相关,与气温呈负相关。     

体外筛选中药胆碱酯酶抑制剂

[目的]从中药中发现新颖的胆碱酯酶抑制剂（ChEI）。[方法]采用4种溶媒从14种中药中提取了56种粗提物,并对14种中药的56种中药提取物进行乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和丁酰胆碱酯酶（BuChE）抑制活性筛选。[结果]虎杖乙酸乙酯提取物和云木香石油醚提取物表现出AChE和BuChE双重抑制作用,这2种提取物为阿尔兹海默氏症的治疗提供了巨大的潜力。大多数中药乙酸乙酯提取物均显示出较强的BuChE抑制活性。提取物抑制AChE和BuChE的IC₅₀分别为16.00～42.03和11.29～41.92μg/mL。[结论]中药可以作为胆碱酯酶抑制剂的潜在来源。