农业科研单位大型仪器设备共享的研究与探讨——以中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所为例

该文以中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所大型仪器设备管理与共享的现状为例,对当前农业科研单位大型仪器设备购置、运行管理的专项基金、技术管理队伍建设、共享的相关规章制度、共享服务信息平台等方面存在的问题进行了探讨与分析,提出了加强大型仪器设备购置管理、设立大型仪器设备开放共享专项基金、加强大型仪器设备技术管理队伍建设、完善大型仪器设备共享管理相关规章制度服务信息平台功能等促进农业科研单位大型仪器设备共享的建议与途径     

防止金鱼观赏品质退化的几条措施

很多金鱼饲养爱好者发现自己养的金鱼有逐年退化的趋势 ,有的珍稀品种变成平常品种 ,甚至失去了观赏价值。这是没有重视亲鱼精选和合理配种造成的。防止金鱼观赏品质退化的措施有 :一、精选亲鱼对于一池或一缸同品种的亲鱼 ,不能不分优劣让其自由交配。因为在一池或一缸的金鱼群体中 ,总会有少数亲鱼品种特征不良 ,特别是雄鱼 ,参加交配后所形成的受精卵已布下了“退化”的遗传基因。品种不纯正的雄鱼又往往活力较强 ,它的精子与雌鱼卵子结合的机会就多。再者 ,杂种鱼苗在抗病力、活动力和摄食量等方面均强于纯正鱼苗 ,于是纯正鱼苗的生存便…     

适宜加工用苹果品种TP-M13-SSR 指纹图谱构建及遗传关系分析

 采用TP-M13-SSR 荧光标记方法,构建19 个适宜加工脆片和25 个适宜制汁的苹果品种在 11 个SSR 位点的指纹图谱,并通过聚类分析研究其遗传关系。仅利用两对引物CH04h02 和CH05d04 即 可区分44 个供试品种,各品种的TP-M13-SSR 指纹图谱互不相同。构建的适宜加工苹果品种的SSR 指纹 图谱可以作为品种特异指纹图谱为品种鉴别提供重要依据。44 个苹果品种的相似系数在0.7259 ~ 0.9704 之间,在相似系数0.798 处划分供试品种,除瑞光、马空、红月、蜜脆、珍宝、赤阳和短枝金冠,其余适 宜制汁的品种均聚到了一起,而适宜加工脆片的品种聚类比较分散。适宜加工苹果品种遗传基础广泛, 适宜加工特性与亲本相关。在制订和完善制汁用和加工脆片用苹果品质评价体系时,需要兼顾遗传关系 与加工特性的相关性。金冠、红玉、国光、富士和元帅等为较好的加工苹果品种的育种亲本,应加强育 种利用。     

Effects of RNA interference targeting CDC25agene on proliferation of human liver cancer HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of silencing cell division cycle 25a (CDC25a) gene on the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. METHODS: CDC25agene in human hepatoma HepG2 cells was silenced by RNA interference. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the expression of CDC25a, cyclin E and CDK2 at mRNA levels in the HepG2 cells. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of CDC25a at protein level. In addition, MTT assay, Giemsa staining and flow cytometry were used to measure the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. RESULTS: The expression of CDC25a at mRNA and protein levels in RNA silence group was lower than those in negative control group and normal control group (P＜0.05). The mRNA expression of cyclin E and CDK2 in silence group was lower than that in negative control group and normal control group (P＜0.05). The cell proliferation in silence group was lower than that in negative control group and normal control group (P＜0.05). The results of flow cytometry revealed that the cells in silence group were blocked in G1 phase. CONCLUSION: Infection of LV-CDC25a-RNAi recombinant to the HepG2 cells effectively inhibits the CDC25agene expression and the proliferation of human hepatoma cells, and arrests the cells in G1 phase, suggesting that CDC25agene may be a key target for the treatment of liver cancer.     

Influence of high-mobility group box 1 on proliferation of neural stem cell in pre-infarction cortex of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model rats

AIM：To investigate the influence of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on the proliferation of neural stem cells in peri-infarction cortex of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model rats. METHODS：Male SD rats (n=48) were randomly divided into sham group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, RNA interference group and negative interference group. The rat middle cerebral artery was blocked to establish focal cerebral I/R model (ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 7 d). Lentivirus vector of HMGB1 shRNA was used to suppress the HMGB1 protein expression in the rat brain. The effect of RNA interference was evaluated by the methods of double-immunofluorescence labeling of HMGB1/GFAP and Western blotting. The proliferation of neural stem cells in the peri-infarction cortex was assessed by double labeling of BrdU/nestin. RESULTS：The protein expression of HMGB1 in I/R group was much higher than those in sham group (P<0.05). RNA interference effectively inhibited the HMGB1 expression (P<0.05). Double labeled BrdU/nestin positive cells in I/R group were more than that in sham group (P<0.05). The double labeled BrdU/nestin positive cells were significantly decreased in RNA interference group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in peri-infarction cortex by increasing HMGB1 protein level.     

Protective efficacy of a live attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant in pigs

An attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine that requires intrathoracic administration is commercially available for use against mycoplasmal pneumonia in China. Given the limitations of such a route of administration, this study was undertaken to assess the capacity of an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity following intramuscular use. Immune responses in pigs following vaccination and subsequent intra-tracheal bacterial inoculation were examined using lymphocyte proliferation, serology and mucosal IgA in both nasal and saliva swabs.Vaccination induced clear lymphocyte proliferation, but only slight serum antibody responses although these were significantly increased following experimental infection. Mucosal IgA was not detected in either nasal or salivary secretions. Following bacterial challenge, animals vaccinated with the adjuvant-containing live vaccine exhibited less severe pulmonary lesions (median score 3.67) than unvaccinated pigs (median score 13.58). The degree of ciliary loss on the respiratory tract surface was reduced in vaccinated pigs compared with experimentally infected controls. The findings indicated that the adjuvant vaccine administered IM provided protection against experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia and could have commercial potential.     

弓形虫基因分型研究进展

弓形虫可感染多种动物引起严重的弓形虫病,为了对不同宿主感染的弓形虫株基因型差异及不同基因型弓形虫虫株的致病力差异进行进一步研究,弓形虫基因型的分析多采用限制性片段长度多态性PCR（PCR-RFLP）、随机扩增多态性DNA、多位点PCR-RFLP分析、DNA序列分析和微卫星DNA序列分析等技术,扩增位点多选择SAG1、SAG2、SAG3、BTUB和GRA6等遗传标记。传统的弓形虫基因型主要有3个,随着基因型研究的不断深入,越来越多的基因型被发现。本文就弓形虫基因分型研究进展进行讨论分析。     

Effect of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2overexpression in 3T3-L1 is associated to an increase in mono-unsaturated fatty acid accumulation

Background：Fatty acid（FA） composition is the most important parameter affecting the flavor and nutritional value of the meat.The final and the only committed step in the biosynthesis of triglycerides is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2（DGAT2）.The role of DGAT2 in lipid accumulation has been demonstrated in adipocytes,However,little is known about the effect of DGAT2 on the FA composition of these cells.Methods：To investigate the role of DGAT2 in regulating lipid accumulation,FA composition and the expression of adipogenic genes,we cloned the open reading frame of the porcine DGAT2 gene and established 3T3-L1 cells that overexpressed DGAT2.Cells were then cultured in differentiation medium（DM） without FA,with a mixture of FAs（FA-DM）,or containing a ~（13）C stable isotope-labeled FA mixture（IFA-DM）.The FA composition of adipocytes was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.Quantitative PCR and western blotting were employed to detect expression of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured with FA-DM for 12 d.Results：The triacylglyceride（TAG） content was significantly higher in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing DGAT2 than in control cells.When cultured in DM or FA-DM for 12 d,cells overexpressing DGAT2 showed a higher proportion of unsaturated FAs（C16：1 and C18：1）.However,when cells overexpressing DGAT2 were cultured with FA-DM for30 min,the FA composition was almost identical to that of controls.Further,the proportion of stable isotope-labeled FAs were similar in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing DGAT2 and control cells cultured in IFA-DM for 12 d.These results collectively indicate that the higher proportion of mono-unsaturated FAs,C16：1 and C18：1,may originate from de novo FA synthesis but not from the uptake of specific FAs from the medium.This hypothesis is further supported by evidence that both mRNA and protein expression of genes involved in FA synthesis（ACACA,FASN,SCD1,and A-FABP?     

Effects of dietary tryptophan and stocking density on the performance,meat quality,and metabolic status of broilers

Background

Highly automated cage-rearing systems are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, a high stocking density can cause oxidative stress and decrease broiler performance. The tryptophan (TRP) derivative 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) has been shown to preserve membrane fluidity in birds suffering from oxidative stress. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary TRP supplementation on performance, breast meat quality and oxidative stress in broilers reared in cages with a high or low stocking density.

Methods

Female Arbor Acres broilers (25-d-old, n = 144) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. The birds were fed a diet based on corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten meal containing either 0.18 or 0.27% TRP and were housed with stocking densities of 11 or 15.4 birds/m² in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Broiler performance was evaluated from d 25 to 42. Eight birds from each treatment were slaughtered on d 42 and plasma and breast muscle samples were collected to measure biochemical indices.

Results

A higher stocking density tended to be associated with reduced weight gain (P < 0.10), and significantly increased plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity (P < 0.001). Increased dietary TRP significantly reduced the activities of lactic dehydrogenase and GPT while increasing total cholesterol in the plasma (P < 0.01), reducing drip loss of breast muscle (P < 0.10) and improving feed efficiency (P < 0.10).

Conclusions

An increase in dietary TRP, 1.5-fold higher than the standard supplementation level, can alleviate oxidative stress as well as improve welfare and feed efficiency in broilers reared in cages with a high stocking density.     

外荡网箱养鳗试验

鳗鲡(Ahguilla japonica Temm.et Schl.)又名河鳗、白鳝，属淡水鱼珍品。国际市场畅销，为我国水产创汇的拳头产品．我国台湾50年代初建场养鳗，现可年产商品鳗约3．5万吨。大陆自1972年发展成鳗养殖，目前年产5千吨以上．绝大多数为露天或温室池塘。网箱养鳗始于1987年，是浙江针对本地气温偏低，又映地热、工厂余热，但有众多的水库和外荡，因一种紧迫感创造出来的新技术外荡网箱养鳗．嘉兴历来以出口鳗苗为主。本地却有1．8万公顷外荡可供利用．因为网箱养鳗在外荡比水库有更多技术难题，故有“外荡网箱养鳗不可行”之说，为此，从事研究适于外荡网箱养鳗的整套的技术。历时三年，于1990年完成．由于试验从观察外荡生态变化及河鳗生活入手，因势利导试用某些新技术和配套混养，充分利用与发挥生态效益，最终才有较好的技术经济效益。