樟子松松针锈病病原菌——春孢子形态及酯酶同工酶变异

樟子松松针锈病病原菌——鞘锈菌（Ｃｏｌｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）的分类历来很乱。传统的分类方法都是依冬孢子形态和冬孢子寄主来进行的。但近年的研究表明１种鞘锈菌的春孢子可以侵染２种或２种以上的冬孢子寄主，所以按冬孢子寄主来划分鞘锈菌的种是不合理的。文中在病害症状观察和春孢子表面形态观察的基础上，首次对樟子松３种不同形态的春孢子的酯酶同工酶进行了分析，从而为鞘锈菌的分子分类学研究奠定了基础。     

外源苯丙烯酸抑制连作黄瓜生长的机制初探

模拟黄瓜根系分泌物苯丙烯酸 ,外加于已连续种植 5茬黄瓜的土壤中 ,种植黄瓜。结果表明 ,苯丙烯酸用量自 5 0mg·kg-1(土 )处理开始 ,黄瓜生长、根系脱氢酶活性、ATPase活性 ,土壤微生物活性和养分吸收均受到明显抑制 ,且随用量的增加而抑制作用增强。苯丙烯酸的自毒作用是导致连作黄瓜生长受抑的障碍因子之一     

Causes of preweaning mortality on a large intensive piggery

Causes of preweaning mortality were examined on a large intensive piggery. Diagnosis was made using comprehensive clinical histories combined with post-mortem data. Two thousand four hundred and twenty-six piglets were born in 238 litters. Pre-parturient and parturient losses were 2.9% and 5.4% of the total numbers of piglets born. Birth to weaning mortality was 11.3%. Among piglets born alive, overlaying was the most frequent cause of death (2.1%), followed by deaths due to diarrhoea (1.7%), anaemia (1.2%), savaging (1.1%) and losses of small weak piglets (0.9%). Most deaths, including stillbirths, were associated with below average birth weight, and two-thirds of all deaths of liveborn pigs occurred within 4 days of birth. Increased litter size resulted in decreased birth weights, an increased percentage of stillborn piglets and mummified foetuses, but duration of parturition was not affected. Stillborn piglets were born late in the litter and after a longer interval between pigs born (interpig interval). Over 70% of deaths due to overlay were in previously healthy piglets, but some were associated with illness of the sow (18%) or both sow and piglet (3%). Savaging was confined mainly to first parity sows and was responsible for 20% of all deaths in these litters. Sixty-two per cent of all piglets with a birth weight of less than 800g were stillborn or died before weaning compared with 18.7% mortality for all piglets. Anaemia in piglets was considered to be due to umbilical haemorrhage. Anaemic piglets had a 36% mortality to weaning compared with 10% for non-anaemic piglets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Use of monoclonal antibodies to identify outer membrane antigens of Actinobacillus species

Three monoclonal antibodies (LG17, LG30, and LG33) were used to identify outer membrane antigens of Actinobacillus sp (As8C isolate) cultured from the epididymides of an infected ram lamb. Specificity of the 3 antibodies to As8C antigens was determined by use of bacterial agglutination, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Results of immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that each antibody was specific for epitopes on As8C outer membrane antigens. Evaluation by use of enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot indicated that target antigens for LG17 and LG33 antibodies had molecular weights of 10 kilodaltons and 43 kilodaltons, respectively. Multiple-band staining was observed with the LG33 antibody. The target antigen for the LG30 antibody could not be discerned by use of enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot. For each of the 3 monoclonal antibodies, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers were obtained for Actinobacillus seminis, A actinomycetemcomitans, and 10 field isolates of Actinobacillus spp. Target antigens for LG17 and LG30 antibodies occurred infrequently or were absent on these bacteria. However, the target antigen for the LG33 antibody was shared by Actinobacillus seminis, A actinomycetemcomitans, and the 10 field isolates of Actinobacillus spp, indicating some diversity of outer membrane antigens between isolates.     

北京鸭(Anas Domestica L.)舌部的肌肉和神经

本文解剖了北京鸭头15例,两侧共30面。观察了舌骨的构造,舌骨的肌肉分布和分布至舌的舌咽神经和舌下神经的分支。北京鸭的舌骨中,舌内骨分为二部;后部为骨质。前部为软骨。二部间可活动,使前部向背侧运动则舌成杓状。舌部的肌肉有角舌骨肌,领舌骨肌,舌骨领肌均为长肌,舌骨横肌,舌骨舌肌,喉基鳃骨肌和基鳃骨舌骨肌为短肌以适应舌各段的运动。舌咽神经以2—3个根发自延髓侧面。根集中至舌咽神经管出颅腔。该管长0.45厘米,比迷走神经管稍长,也稍粗。神经出颅腔后位于交感神经颈前神经节的前方。在神经干上有大的岩神经节。并自干向后有与迷走神经的交通支。神经干在下颌骨腹侧缘附近分为前后二支。前支即舌支,穿经舌骨领肌与领舌骨肌间向前沿舌骨的外侧缘,到达舌背的粘膜。后支较细分为食管支和咽支。舌下神经以一系列的根丝出于延髓后部的腹侧面。根丝集成二组,合成二干,分别穿出舌下神经孔。出颅腔后二干平行,在头大腹侧直肌的背侧与头最长肌之问。二干合并后绕至头大腹侧直肌止端腱的外侧。有分支与迷走神经和第一颈神经交通。神经干经角舌骨肌和舌骨领肌的内侧分为前后二支。前支沿角舌骨肌的内侧向前伸延,分出角舌骨肌支再向前到达舌骨的腹外侧分支入舌骨舌肌等小肌。后支...     

Yield and quality losses caused by common rust (Puccinia sorghi Schw.) in sweet corn (Zea mays) hybrids

Yield and quality of fresh ears were measured in field plots of selected hybrids of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) that were affected by rust (Puccinia sorghi Schw.) or were nearly rust-free (mancozeb-sprayed). In 1978, 28 hybrids were tested. Losses in total yield ranged from zero in the more resistant entries to nearly 50% in more susceptible entries. In 1979, three cultivars were planted. Yield losses of these cultivars were similar in ranking order to those in 1978, although the loss was greater in late-planted plots because of the greater final severity of the disease. Losses in total yield in late-planted sweet corn were 18%, 26% and 49% for cv. Sugarloaf (most resistant), cv. Jubilee (intermediate) and cv. Style Pak (most susceptible), respectively.     

Epizootiological examination of a respiratory disease associated with mycoplasma infection in horse

The authors examined 585 samples from 92 mares of 2 studs and 346 nasal swabs taken from their foals for the presence of mycoplasmas. The positive rates of mares and foals were 81.5% and 71.7%, respectively, with positivity of samples being variable. Clinical symptoms developed in 2-4 waves and lasted 3-7 days, with intervals of 7-12 days. The disease started in April among foals born in February, at an average age of 88 days. Later on, the average age of the affected foals decreased. There was a correlation between presence of mycoplasmas in nasal cavity and disease of foals.     

Histology of the endometrium in cows in normal and pathologic puerperium

There were repeated histological bioptic examinations of the endometrium during the period from the second to twentieth day post partum (p.p.) in cows with afterbirth retention (n = 5), with developing puerperal endometritis (n = 5), and with a physiological course of puerperium (n = 5). In cows with a physiological course of puerperium, a finished process of epithelization of endometrium with a morphological and functional consolidation of the epithelium could be observed on the 20th day p.p. In cows with disturbed puerperium, the surface epithelium still exhibited signs of disintegration and a low secretion activity. The endometria of both groups of cows with pathological puerperium had a high degree of infiltration with neutrophil granulocytes: in cows with retained afterbirth this picture was characteristic already the second day p.p. On the other hand, the endometrium of cows with physiological puerperium was characterized by a higher occurrence of folliculoid nodules as early as on the tenth day p.p., and a rapid increase in the number of fat cells and activated histiocytes--macrophages could be observed in the endometrium of these cows between the 15th and 20th day p.p. The dynamics of occurrence of mobile cells in the studied groups of cows confirmed their importance for a physiological course of the restitution of endometrium during the puerperium of cows.