A review of cyanobacterial odorous and bioactive metabolites: Impacts and management alternatives in aquaculture

Increased demand has pushed extensive aquaculture towards intensively operated production systems, commonly resulting in eutrophic conditions and cyanobacterial blooms. This review summarizes those cyanobacterial secondary metabolites that can cause undesirable tastes and odors (odorous metabolites) or are biochemically active (bioactive metabolites) in marine and freshwater, extensive and intensive aquaculture systems. For the scope of this paper, biochemically active metabolites include (1) toxins that can cause mortality in aquaculture organisms or have the potential to harm consumers via accumulation in the product (hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, neurotoxins, dermatoxins, and brine shrimp/molluskal toxins), (2) metabolites that may degrade the nutritional status of aquaculture species (inhibitors of proteases and grazer deterrents) or (3) metabolites that have the potential to negatively affect the general health of aquaculture species or aquaculture laborers (dermatoxins, irritant toxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins). Suggestions are made as to future management practices in intensive and extensive aquaculture and the potential exposure pathways to aquaculture species and human consumers are identified.     

Classification of guppies’ (Poecilia reticulata) gender by computer vision

Labor costs of guppy growers and breeders are largely those of manual sorting (by strain, quality and gender) and counting fish. In most farms, female and male fish are grown together and sold either separately or together. Sorting fish according to gender is important for marketing as well as for breeding programs, so that a device for sorting and counting fish can potentially reduce production costs and improve quality.

A project aiming to develop sorting and counting technologies for ornamental fish growers included development and testing of image-processing algorithms for sorting guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) by gender. The algorithms are derived from shape and color differences between female and male guppies. An algorithm for the determination of landmarks on fish contours was developed and found to be accurate in accordance with human judgment, enabling extraction of specific shape and color features of the tail and the body.

The algorithms were applied to three sets of images of guppies of the “Red-Blond” strain. Gender identification accuracy was approximately 90% using shape features, approximately 96% using color features and was slightly improved when both color and shape features were used.

Some of the components used are essential for future development of a computer vision based system for sorting and grading ornamental fish by strain and quality.     

生物源杀虫剂菜喜对菜蛾的药效测定

菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)是我国分布极广的重要十字花科蔬菜害虫,目前,该虫在哈尔滨地区对有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类药剂已产生抗药性,导致防效很差.为此,寻找高效低毒的更新换代农药防治此虫已是生产所必需.     

柑桔体细胞融合再生9个组合的二倍体叶肉亲本类型植株

电场诱导９个柑桔种间及体内体细胞融合,各组合均再生叶肉原生质体亲本类型植株。这些植株经形态学和细胞学检查证明为二倍体（２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１８）。对其中５个组合进行ＲＡＰＤ分析表明,４个组合植株的谱带在所分析的引物上均表现为与叶肉细胞亲本谱带一致,另１个组合,即Ｐａｇｅ柑柚＋粗柠檬,个别植株除含有叶肉亲本的所有谱带外,还扩增出了悬浮系亲本的部分特征带,为杂种类型。探讨了这类植株的产生原因及潜在价值。     

Lipid metabolism is improved by L-carnitinein semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi-starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L-carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg·bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free carnitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi-starved rats.The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi-starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet.     

Effects of berberine on IL-1 or tumour necrosis factor induced polymorphonuclear leucocyte－endothelium adhesion

AIM:To investigate the effect of berberine on IL-1 or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) induced polymorphonuclear leucocyte(PMN)-endothelium adhesion and adhesion molecules.METHODS:Based on the model of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), this study adopted Rose Bengal Stain, cell ELISA, immunocyto-chemical techniques to investigate the effect of berberine on PMN-endothelium adhesion and the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs).RESULTS:Berberine inhibited IL-1, TNF-induced HUVEC adhesion for PMN when pretreated HUVEC and antagonised IL-1, TNF-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 on HUVEC. Meanwhile, TNF-stimulated PMN adhesion for HUVEC and CD18 upexpression on PMN was diminished in the presence of berberine.CONCLUSION: Inhibite PMN-endothelium adhesion by downregulating the CAMs expression to inhibite PMN migration across endothelium is one of the mechanisms of antiinflammation of berberine.     

高效节能型日光温室黄瓜养分的吸收规律

高效节能型日光温室黄瓜干物质和氮、磷、钾的积累都呈“S”形曲线 ;氮、磷、钾吸收最大期为盛瓜初期至盛瓜后期 ,占总吸收量的 80 %以上 ;每形成 10 0kg黄瓜需吸收N量0 .2 0 0 2kg ,P2 O50 .0 92 1kg ,K2 O 0 .2 32 2kg ,其比例为 1∶0 .4 6∶1.16 ;每 6 6 7m2 产 130 0 0kg黄瓜 ,在盛瓜期氮、磷、钾吸收速率分别为N 190～ 2 70、P2 O577～ 135、K2 O 199～ 347g·(d·6 6 7m2 ) - 1。     

6.5%硫菌·霉威粉尘剂防治番茄灰霉病田间药效试验

灰霉病是保护地番茄最重要的病害之一 ,一般的喷雾防治常因增加温室湿度而防效不佳。粉尘法是适合于温室病害防治的新技术 ,具有操作简便、不增加温室湿度 ,防效高等优点。 1999年笔者进行了6.5%硫菌·霉威粉尘剂防治番茄灰霉病的药效试验 ,现将试验结果总结如下。1　试验材料与方法1.1　材料　供试药剂为 6.5%硫菌·霉威粉尘剂 ,由丹东市农药二厂提供 ;65%硫菌·霉威可湿性粉剂 ,为江苏新沂农药厂产品。供试作物为佳粉 15号番茄。1.2　方法　试验田设在沈阳市东陵区前进乡温室番茄田 ,历年番茄灰霉病发生较重。土壤肥力中等 ,ｐＨ 6.9。试…     

温室番茄长季节无土栽培技术的研究

比较系统地研究了有机生态型无土栽培技术在温室长季节番茄生产中的应用方法和效果。对其栽培基础、栽培管理、植株形态以及产量分布等技术环节进行了统计、分析和总结。初步集成组装温室番茄长季节无土栽培技术